德里达的解构主义文学批评.ppt

DeconstructionofJacquesDerrida Weneedtointerpretinterpretationsmorethantointerpretthings Montaigne asquotedinDerrida sessay structure sign andplay 1966 在更多的情况下 我们其实并不是对事物本身进行解释 而是对从前的各种的 解释 进行解释 contents Historicaldevelopment ItsBeginningsStructuralismataGlanceDerrida sInterpretationofSaussure sSign ItsBeginnings Derridareadhispaper Structure Sign andPlayintheDiscourseoftheHumanScience ataJohnsHopkinsUniversitysymposiumin1966 DerridaborrowsthebasisofandthestartingpointforhisdeconstructivestrategyfromtheschoolofStructuralism StructuralismataGlance FerdinanddeSaussure sCourseinGeneralLinguistics Langue ParoleSignifier Signified Derrida sInterpretationofSaussure sSign For Signifiers Signifiersthemselves relationships differences Against Signifieds Othersignifieds differences relationships Signifieds Signifiers arbitrary conventional Ifilledtheglasswithmilk signifier glass signified containerThecontainerwasfilledwithglass signifier container signified anobjectthatcanbefilled Assumptions TranscendentalSignifiedLogocentrismBinaryOppositionsPhonocentrism TranscendentalSignified TranscendentalSignified 超越的意旨 TranscendentalSignified ultimatemeaning Logocentrism Centers God reason origin being essence truth humanity beginning endandself Logocentrism 逻各斯中心主义 Thebeliefthatthereisanultimaterealityorcenteroftruththatcanserveasthebasisforallourthoughtsandactions BinaryOppositions DerridaconcludesthatWesternmetaphysicsisbasedonasystemofbinaryoperations 二元对立 Foreachcenter thereexistsanopposingcenter Westernphilosophydecreesthatineachofthesebinaryoperations oneconceptissuperioranddefinesitselfbyitsoppositeorinferiorcenter Phonocentrism Speech WritingThisprivilegingofspeechoverwritingDerridacallsphonocentrism 语音中心主义 Methodology AcknowledgingBinaryOperationsinWesternThoughtArch WritingSupplementationDiff rance Arche writing violenthierarchy 暴力等级 Speech Writing Speech Writing Arche Writing archi criture 元书写 Supplementation Derridausesthetermsupplementtorefertotheunstablerelationshipbetweenelementsinabinaryoperation InFrench suppl er alsomeans tosubstitute totaketheplaceof Adam sfirstgoodactisanexpressionofloveforthefallenEve Thisgoodnesscomesonlyafterevil Good Evil Evil Good Good Evil Lucifer sFall Pride God Human sFall Diff rance HecreatesanewwordDiff rance TheworditselfisderivedfromtheFrenchwordDiff rer meaning todefer delay 延宕 and todiffer bedifferentfrom 区别 Weknowsomethingbecauseitdiffersfromsomethingelsetowhichitisrelated Bythereversal nothingcanbestudiedorlearnedinisolation Presence Absence Presence Absence TextualAnalysis ReadingStrategy ReadingStrategy Discoverthebinaryoperationsthatgovernatext Commentonthevalues conceptsandideasbeyondtheseoperations Reversethesepresentbinaryoperations Dismantlepreviouslyheldworldviews Acceptthepossibilityofvariousperspectivesorlevelsofmeaninginatextbasedonthenewbinaryinversions Allowmeaningofthetexttobeundecidable ThankYou WorksCitedBressler Charles LiteraryCriticism AnIntroductiontoTheoryandPractice Beijing HigherEducationPress 2004 Guerin WilfredL et al AHandbookofCriticalApproachestoLiterature Beijin