英语单词的上下义关系.ppt

Hyponymy 上下义关系 Outline DefinitionofhyponymySuperordinateandsubordinateUseofsuperordinateandsubordinateSomedetailsoutofthebook Hyponymy上下义关系 Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion themeaningofamorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword Hyponym subordinate 下义词 Hyperonym superordinate 上义词 Example rose lily tulip flower Example parrot sparrow oriole bird Attention Hyponymycanbedescribesintermsoftree likegraphs withhigher ordersuperordinatesabovethelowersubordinate Theirstatuseitherassuperordinateorsubordinateisrelativetootherterms Tree likegraphs Livingthings creature plant animal insect horse dog pig cockroach mare vegetable flower tree cabbage rose pine hound swine Treessurroundthewaternearoursummerplace Oldelmssurroundthelakenearoursummercabin Imetawriterwhoistherelationofapolitician ImetanewspaperreporterwhoisthebrotherofSenatorBuckley usage Subordinates concreteprecisevividSuperordinate generalvagueHowever thisdoesnotmeanthatsubordinatearebetterthansuperordinate usage Shelikesdogsandotheranimals Thereisnoflowermorebeautifulthanarose Ilikeallfruitsexceptbananas Shereadsbookallday mostlynovels usage Distinction HyponymyandMeronymy Meronymy m r n m n thesemanticrelationthatholdsbetweenapartandthewhole整体部分关系 1 therelationshipbetweenthewholeanditsmembership整体和成员之间的关系 e g 学生 小学生 中学生 大学生 车 轿车 客车 吉普车 卡车 Hyponymy构成上下义 2 therelationshipbetweenthewholeanditscomponent整体与其构件的关系 e g 火车 车头 车厢 车尾 人 头 胳膊 手 脚 部分代表不了整体 不能构成上下义关系 钢琴 小提琴 长笛 乐器Musicalinstruments钢笔 粉笔 笔Penchalk 没有对应的上义词 Attention Attention