冠词复习.doc

冠词 一. a和an的区别:不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：a boy，a university，a european country；an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella二.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。4.表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如，i go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，i have three books. i want to buy a fourth one.6.用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of)许多，大量；after a while过一会儿三.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：open the window，please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：i have a car. the car is red.4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：which is bigger，the sun or the earth？5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：the first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the great wall 长城，the united states美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the greens 格林一家|格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10.用在乐器名称前。例如：she plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the black sea，the yangzi river 12. 用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外四.零冠词的用法1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，class two，tianan men square天安门广场water水2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。例如my book(正)；my the book(误)3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 例如，they are teachers.他们是老师。tigers like meat.4.在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on sunday在周日，in march在三月，in spring在春天，on womens day在妇女节 (特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：tom汤姆，mum妈妈6.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：i have lunch at school every day.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：no.25 middle school8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus；by car；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻； here and there到处(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼五.用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里 go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上 by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面take place发生/take the place(of)代替 at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来next year明年/the next year 第二年go to school(church)上学(做礼拜)/go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)六、例题剖析例1.he gave my sister useful book yesterday. a. an b. a c. / d the【答案】b useful的第一个音素为ju 故选b。例2.my brother is honest boy， so he has many friends.a. a b. an c. the d / 【答案】b honest 的第一个音素为元音。例3.more college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year. a. the; the b. /; / c. /; the d. the; /【答案】a 方位名词前加the，in the west part；由句意可知为第二年，即the next year。例4.there is a big tree the house.a. in the front of b. in front of c. in front d. at class 【答案】b例5.jim always answers the teachers questions _. a. in class b. in the class c. after class d. at class 【答案】a 课上回答老师的问题，八、同步练习 1.There is _ apple on the desk. A. a B .the C. an D ./2.The girl under _ tree is my sister. a. a b .the c .an d./3. Mary is from _Usa. a. a b. the c. an d./4 .He met _ friend of his on the road. a. a b .the c .an d./5. Mr Black will go back to England_. a .by air b .by a plane c. by trains 6.yesterday I went to work on foot. a. /，/ b ./，the c .the，/ d. the， the7.there is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h” doesnt make a sound. a. a， a b. a， the c. the，an d .an. the8. Im going to see my mother. she is ill _. a. in hospital b. in the hospitalc. in a hospital 9. we have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.a. the， the， the b. the， /， the c. a， /， the d .a， the， the10. this is film ive told you about several times. its great. ive never seen _ more moving one. a. a， a b. the， the c. the， a d. a， the11.tina，could you please play piano for me while im singing？with pleasure. a .a b. an c. the d. /12.I want to try again. please give me third chance again. a .a