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Basketball 沈银燕 Whatisbasketball Ifyouarethinkingaboutthebigroundthingwhichmakesnoiseeveryday Abasketballisaspherical 球形的 inflated 充气的 ballusedinthegameofbasketball Andasfortheevent Basketballisoneoftheworld smostpopularandwidelyviewedsports BasketballCourt Basketballhoop Theoriginofbasketball InearlyDecember1891 CanadianAmericanDr JamesNaismith 2 aphysicaleducationprofessorandinstructorattheInternationalYoungMen sChristianAssociationTrainingSchool 3 YMCA today SpringfieldCollege inSpringfield Massachusetts USA wastryingtokeephisgymclassactiveonarainyday HesoughtavigorousindoorgametokeephisstudentsoccupiedandatproperlevelsoffitnessduringthelongNewEnglandwinters Afterrejectingotherideasaseithertooroughorpoorlysuitedtowalled ingymnasiums hewrotethebasicrulesandnailedapeachbasketontoa10 foot 3 05m elevatedtrack Incontrastwithmodernbasketballnets thispeachbasketretaineditsbottom andballshadtoberetrievedmanuallyaftereach basket orpointscored thisprovedinefficient however sothebottomofthebasketwasremoved Laterwillchangegraduallythebamboobasketformotorironbasket andthentotheundertheironringnet Peoplecallthisgame Naismithball or basketball afteralongtime afterheandhiscolleaguestodiscussrepeatedlywasnamed basketball Next somebasicrules Players Usually twoteamsoffiveplayers Score 3points 2points Time Gamesareplayedinfourquartersof10 FIBA国际篮联 or12minutes NBA Collegegamesusetwo20 minutehalves Teamsexchangebasketsforthesecondhalf 15minutesareallowedforahalf timebreak Violations 违反 Theballmuststaywithinthecourt thelastteamtotouchtheballbeforeittravelsoutofboundslossespossession Theball handlermaynotstepwithbothfeetwithoutdribbling 运球 traveling nordribblewithbothhandsorholdtheballandresumedribbling aviolationcalleddoubledribbling Anypartoftheplayer shandcannotbedirectlyundertheballwhiledribbling doingsoisknownascarryingtheball Ateam oncehavingestablishedballcontrolinthefronthalfoftheircourt maynotreturntheballtothebackcourtandbethefirsttotouchit Theballmaynotbekicked norbestruckwiththefist Referee 裁判 Foreigncalledbasketballrefereeas referee eachgamehasit sidetwo ballcard BeforethefoundingofnewChina knownas commander basketballreferee everybasketballgamewithonlyone commander Renamedaftertheliberationofthereferee everymatchisestablished thetwodeputyreferee China scurrentbasketballrefereearedividedintofivelevels theinternationallevel nationallevel alevel leveltwo levelthree Asthepaceofbasketballgamesaremoreandmorestrength inordertomorecomprehensiveandaccuratei
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