高中英语全能语法讲解训练及答案.doc

2015年高考一轮英语复习资料语法复习目录：专题一课题：名词序号：1【考纲解读】 考 点考纲解读名词的基本用法分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和of格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用。名词的特殊用法名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语so, as, quite等；time及常考点。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。习语和固定搭配词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。【真题训练 】1.【2014 天津】Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power. A. sourceB. sense C. result D. root2.【2014 湖北】Her _ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. talent B. motivation C. qualification D. technique3.【2014 湖北】When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _. A. contribution B. compliment C. comparison D. command4.【2014 安徽】-Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? -Thats a good _.A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account5.【2014 江苏】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue6.【2014浙江】We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises7.【2014 福建】-Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes? -Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trickKeys：ABBCA BD【方法点拨 】 高考对名词的考查主要在名词辨析。近两年山东高考对名词的考查尽管在单项填空中不多见，但在完形填空一题中仍然是考查的重点，做题时应注意以下几点：1. 弄清楚名词的单数、复数、可数名词还是不可数名词。2. 仔细体会上下文语境，归纳、积累、熟练掌握常用搭配。3. 认真做近义词的辨析。【语法知识梳理】一、名词的分类及其基本用法种类基本用法典型举例解释补充可数名词的数大多数可数名词复数在名次后加“s”。picture pictureshouse housesdog dogs在p,k,或f之后加s读作/s/。除此之外读作/z/。词尾是ce, ge, se或ze的单词加s，要在改词的读音上加一个音节/iz/。以ch, s, sh,ss或x结尾的单词，复数要加es。church churchesbus busesbush bushesmass massesstomach 复数为stomachs,因为词尾ch发音为/k/。以y结尾的名词以元音加y结尾的名词，复数直接加s。boy boysguy guysray rayskey keys以辅音加y结尾的名词，去y加iescountry countriesdifficulty difficultiesfactory factoriesstory/storey 作“楼层”的意思时，复数为storys 或 storeys。以f或fe结尾的名词通常去f或fe加vesloaf loaveswolf wolveswife wives有以下顺口溜：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。（leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf thief life）部分名词直接加sgulf gulfsroof roofscliff cliffs有以下顺口溜：港湾边，屋顶上，农夫首领遥相望。谁说他们没信仰，证据刻在悬崖上。(gulf roof serf chief belief proof cliff)少数名词复数既可变f(e)为“ves”,也可加“s”scarf scarves/ scarfshandkerchief handkerchieves/handkerchiefsscarf:围巾handkerchief:手绢以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加“s”radio radiosphoto photos少数几个名词词尾加“es”tomato tomatoespotato potatoesNegro negroes (黑人)hero heroes (英雄)可巧记为：黑人和英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆。有些名词词形变化构成复数foot feetgoose geese (鹅)mouse mice (老鼠)tooth teethchild children有些名词单复数相同deer, sheep, means, species, series, fish, Chinese，Japanesefish复数加es强调种类。如：two fish 两条鱼two fishes 两种鱼复合名词的复数通常只把最后一个名词变复数boy friends book shopstravel agents也有用复数名词修饰单数名词的情况。如：sportsman sportsmen statesman statesmen salesgirl salesgirls man, woman 位于复合名词第一部分时，两个名词都变复数man driver men drivers woman teacher women teachers 有中心名词的复合名词只把中心名词变复数lookers-on (旁观者)standers-by （旁观者）sisters-in-law （嫂子；弟媳）前两个短语也可以说：on-lookers, by-standers无中心名词的复合名词在词尾加sgrown-upsforget-me-nots (勿忘我草)某些名词只有复数形式clothes, police, goods, cattle，staff。此类名词做主语谓语动词用复数。不可数名词的数物质名词转化成个体名词时，用作可数glass a glass(一个玻璃杯)paper a paper(一份报纸/试卷)coffee a coffee(一杯咖啡)两杯咖啡可以说：two coffees 或 two cups of coffee。物质名词强调种类时可数They sell vegetables and fruits in the street.此处vegetables ,fruits强调各种蔬菜水果。抽象名词表示具体特性、状态、情感、情绪可数a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事情)a failure(一个失败的人/事)a joy(一件高兴的事情)类似的词还有: pleasure, honour, success, disappointment, experience, interest, joy, sorrow, beauty, belief, agreement等。有些不可数名词变复数表不同含义green(绿色) greens (青菜)arm(胳膊)arms(武器)sand(沙子)sands(沙滩)名词的所有格名词所有格一般在名词后加“s”Toms bikeWomens Day以 “s”结尾的名词复数通常只加“”The workers struggleEngels books两人共有的事物在后个名词后加“s”，非共有两个名词都加“s”Tom and Mikes room(共有)Toms and Mikes books (不共有)表店铺或家，可只用名词所有格the barbers(理发店)my uncles (我叔叔家)双重所有格an old friend of minea daughter of Mrs. Green双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，介词后名词必须是确定的。二、名词词义辨析1. accident, incident, affair, event (1) accident表示“意外事件；偶发事件”，一般指不幸事故。 He was killed in the car accident. (2) incident表示 “事件”，可指不重要的生活小事，也可指众所周知的重大事件或者事变。 Did you hear about the incident in the bar last night? (3) affair 表示“事务；恋爱”. The foreign minister deals with foreign affairs of a country. (4) event 表示政治、历史、社会性大事件；大型体育比赛的赛事。 The election was the main event in 2012. There were several more events added to 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.2. award , prize, reward (1) award可作动词和名词。动词意思是“授予、颁发”,为官方或权威部门所作出的颁奖。名词意思为“奖项、奖品、奖金”。 He was awarded the best actor of the year. The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. (2) prize只作名词，意思为“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩所赢得的奖。 He won the first prize in the English competition. (3) reward可作动词和名词。动词意思是因做某事给予“回报，酬劳，奖赏”；作名词表示“报酬、奖励、报答”。 Any one who finds it will be rewarded. He was given 8000 yuan as a reward for his bravery.3. condition, situation, state(1) condition 作不可数名词指“条件、状况”，指人或物所处健康状况或设备状况。做可数名词单数表示“条件”，复数表示“环境、总体情况”。Though the second-hand car seems in good condition, it cant run fast.These is only one condition you have to attain if you want to go to college.We must do something to improve the miners living and working conditions.(2) situation 指人或物体在某个时间场合所处的“处境情形,境遇”； 表示“局势”时，多强调国家或国际局势（大环境）的局势。He found himself in an embarrassing situation.He found it necessary to study the political situation of Russia. (3) state 只指的是人或物所处的状态，可数名词。In face of danger, it is important to keep a good state of mind. Water has three states, liquid gas and solid. 4. method, way, means, approach这四个词都有“方法、手段”的意思，搭配不同。(1) method with this method 用这种方法with the method of 用的方法a method of teaching 教学方法 (2) way in this way 用这种方法；在这个方面 by way of (doing) sth 取道、途径;经由、通过(3) means 单复数同型by this/that means 用这种/那种方法by all means 不惜一切，用各种办法by means of doing sth 通过做(4) approach 动词和名词都有“靠近、解决/方法”的意思，表 “方法的”时通常与介词 “to”搭配，后接名词或代名词，作动词为及物动词。The professor gave three approaches to learning English well.Dont approach the birds which are singing.5 scenery, scene, sight, view(1) scenery指“自然风景”，不可数。We stopped the car the enjoy the mountain scenery (2) scene指“场景、一幕”，可以是电影戏剧中，也可以是生活中。还可以指“现场；事发地点”The scene after the earthquake was terrible.The antelopes were killed and skinned on the scene.(3) sight n.视力，视野，景象，情景，景物，游览胜地。There are a lot of historical sights in Beijing.He lost his sight in an accident.(4) view可数名词，“风景，景象”，通常指从某个特定（或许较高且较远的）位置或特定角度所见到的景色;还可指“观点”Standing on the top of the mountain, you will have a good view of the whole city.What is your view about studying abroad?6. sign, signal, symbol, mark(1) sign作名词, 意思为“标记、手势、征兆、迹象”，作动词意思为“签署”。Pay attention to traffic signs when driving.There is no sign of snow today.They signed an agreement to work together for a better world. (2) signal名词“信号、暗号” A red light is usually a signal of danger.(3) symbol名词，指“象征；有象征意义的符号”。Eiffel Tower is the symbol of France.(4) mark 作名词指“标记、记号、分数”；作动词意思为“作标记；打分”。When reading, make a mark where you cant understand. The holiday marks the beginning of the new year .【巩固训练】一、根据括号内的汉语意思或首字母填空。1. The English teacher gives the class a _ (听写) almost every day.（2008全国卷II）2. Please give my _ (祝贺) when you see her.（2006陕西卷）3. The book gives a short _（描述）of the city.（2007全国卷II）4. Xian International _ (展览) Center has attracted many business people.（2007陕西卷）5. Several new railways are under_ (建设) in China. （1996年全国卷）6. Jack took a deep _ (呼吸) and then dived into the water.（2006全国卷）7. We should make sure that the _ (事故) scene is no longer dangerous.（2006陕西卷）8. When building _ (材料) cost more, the price of houses increases.（2008陕西卷）9. The w_ in the hills can change very quickly, so take suitable clothes.（2006浙江卷）10. He was about to speak but she raised a _ (手指) to her lips.（2009陕西卷）11. Jeff has the _ (习惯) of listening to music while reading.（2010陕西卷）12. He is an excellent _ (律师) with a good brain and a determination to achieve.（2009陕西卷）13. I hope to be back in a _ (两星期).（2010全国卷II）14. _ (水桶) are often used for holding and carrying water.（2010全国卷II）15. John missed the game because of _ (胃) pains.（2009全国II卷）16. Callie will start _ (幼儿园) in September.（2009全国II卷）17. The old lady needs a few feather _(枕头) to make herself comfortable.（2009全国II卷） 18. Bob is six feet in_ (身高).（2011全国卷II）19. When I got home after the holiday, there were a lot of _(留言) in my phone.（2000全国卷）20. For a goalkeeper, its a great _ (优势) to have big hands.（2009全国II卷）21. He has devoted his whole life to world _ (和平).（2011陕西卷）22. The car is running at a _ (速度) of eighty kilometers an hour.（2010陕西卷）23. We sat chatting for a few _ (分钟) after finishing our meal.（2010陕西卷）24. Farmers are reporting a very big _ (收成) this year.（2009全国卷II）25. Owning a house of their own is a _ (梦想) for the young couple.（2009陕西卷）二、再做真题，选择最佳答案。1.【2013 湖北】Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege2.【2013 湖北】Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier3.【2013 江西】Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _. A. curiosity B. satisfactionC. envyD. patience4【2013 江苏】With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better. A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead5.【2013 辽宁】The accident caused some _to my car, but its nothing serious. A. harm B. injuryC. ruinD. damage6.【2013 天津】While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit7. I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_.A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure8. Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity9. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter10. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position11. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization12. This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle13. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture14.The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct _. A. solution B. target C. measure D. function15. China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge16. The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration17. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character18. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure19. The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms 20. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push21.He says that my new car is a _ of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste22. Form their _ on the top of the TV tower , visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation23. Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late.A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure24. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach25. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal，gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products26. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten，the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ”.A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices27. Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situationC. place D. chance28. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea29. Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matterC. caseD. opinion30.I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real .A. exchange B. bargainC. tradeD. business31. The bank is offering a _ to anyone who can give information about the robbery. A. reward B. award C. bonus D. compliment32. This couple have strange habits. Hed like to sleep with the lamp burning and his wife with the window_. A. wide open B. widely open C. wide opened D. widely opened it 33. It is a common _ to see Tiananmen Square filled with people on National Day A. sight B. view C. scenery D. appearance 34. Though bought five years ago, the car is still in good_. A. situation B. state C. condition D. Position2015年高考一轮英语复习资料语法复习 目录：专题二课题：冠词序号：2【考纲解读】 考 点考纲解读冠词的基本用法熟知定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的基本用法，并能在真实语境中正确使用冠词。冠词的特殊用法熟知的特殊用法，并能灵活运用。习语和固定搭配牢记由冠词构成的习语和搭配。【真题训练 】1.【2014重庆】I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village.A. the; a B. a; C. a; the D. the; /2.【2014陕西】_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a3.【2014浙江】The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into _ night.A. a; the B. the ;/ C. a; a D. /; the4.【2014天津】Life is like _ ocean. Only _ strong-willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the B. the; C. the; / D. /;a5.【2013重庆】The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; an Keys：AAAAC 【方法点拨 】冠词的习惯用法及活用为高考对冠词考查的难点和热点，做题时应注意以下几点：1.通过语境确定是泛指还是特指，如第2题。2.仔细体会上下文语境，归纳、积累、熟练掌握常用冠词搭配。3.牢记常见的纯不可数名词如fun, progress, furniture, equipment ,news ,information, word(消息),advice ,space ,weather等。【语法知识梳理】一、冠词的种类基本用法种 类基本用法典型举例解释补充不定冠词a/an不定冠词后单词第一个音素为辅音发音时，冠词用aa university studenta unique stylea European country此三个单词的首音标为ju:，为辅音。不定冠词后单词第一个音素为元音发音时，用anan honest boyan houran X-rayan 800-metre raceHonest、 hour 中“h”不发音，后为元音发音。X念作/eks/,首因素为元音。泛指某个人或事物As a teacher, he is supposed to love his students.A horse runs much faster than an elephant.”名词复数也可表泛指意义。第二句话也可以说：Horses run much faster than elephants。序数名词前加不定冠词a/an表示“再一，又一，还一”Though he failed twice, he would try a third time.She didnt like the color of the three bags and asked for a fourth one.序数名词前加定冠词the强调名次和顺序。如：He was the fifth child and only son of the family.表示“一类，一种”Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚)Dogs are an animal that can bark.用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“某个，有一个” A Mr. Li is waiting for you.Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson. but he was sure it was a Sunday because everybody was at church .此处的a相当于some或a certain。用在时间和度量单位名词前，表示“每一”The car runs at a speed of 200 miles an hour.We have three meals a day.此处的a相当于per。某些不可数名词有前置定语或后置定语修饰，表示具体的事物，前面用a或anChin