外科学绪论Introduction of Surgery.ppt

外科学绪论IntroductionofSurgery 一 现代外科学的发展DevelopmentofModernSurgery 解剖学Anatomy JohnHunter 1728 1793 thefatherofexperimentalsurgeryandasuperbanatomistandteacher 麻醉Anesthesia Willamt G Morton 1819 1868 aBostondentistwhosesuccessfuldemonstrationofetheranesthesiaonOctober16 1846 attheMassachusettsGneeralHospitalwasalandmarkinthehistoryofsurgery 3 抗菌术Antisepsis JosephLister 1827 1912 theoriginatorofantisepticsurgery 输血Bloodtransfusion RichardLewisohn 1875 1961 asurgeonattheMountSinaiHospital introducedthemoderntechniqueofbloodtransfusion developedfromhisdiscoveryofamethodofpreventingcoagulationofthebloodoutsidethebody KarlLandsteiner 1868 1943 oneofthefirstscientiststostudythephysicalprocessesofimmunity Heisbestknownforhisidentificationandcharacterizationofthehumanbloodgroups A B andO TheodorKocher 1841 1917 professorofsurgeryattheUniversityofBerneandpioneerinthedevelopmentofsurgeryofthethyoid HereceivedtheNobelPrizein1909 TheodorBillroth 1829 1894 professorattheUniversityofViennaandpioneerabdominalsurgeon Billrothwasoneofthemostinfluentialteachersofhistime Innovators PioneersinSurgery JohnH Gibbon 1903 1973 pioneercardiothoracicsurgeonwhodevelopedextracorporealcirculation AlexisCarrel 1873 1944 anexperimentalsurgeoninterestedinwoundhealing tissueculture organtransplantation andbloodvesselanastomosis HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1912 傅培彬 1912 1989 瑞金医院外科创始人 1954二尖瓣分离Commissurotomyofmitralstenosis1958大面积灼伤SevereBurn1963断肢再植Replantationofcutlimb1977肝移植The1stcaseofLivertransplantation1978心脏移植The1stcaseofHearttransplantation1990s 二医外科全面发展灼伤外科 消化外科 胆胰外科Burnsurg DigestiveS P Biliary口腔外科 整形外科 小儿心脏外科StomatologicalS PlasticS PediatricCardioS TheroleofSSMUinthedevelopmentofsurgeryinChina 二 外科学范畴CategoryofSurgery 外科疾病分类ClassificationofSurgicalDiseases1 损伤Trauma mechanicalthermalchemicalelectrical 2 感染Infection3 肿瘤NeoplasiaBenign Malignant4 畸形AnatomicalabnormalitiesCongenital Acquired 5 内分泌功能失调Metabolic Hormonaldisorder6 梗塞与缺血Infarction Ischamia7 其它Others梗阻Obstruction寄生虫病Parasitediseases静脉曲张Veinvaricose 2 外科专业发展DevelopmentofSurgicalSpecialties 工作对象和性质实验外科EexperimentalSurgery临床外科ClinicalSurgery 2 人体解剖系统骨科Arthrosteopedicsurgery颌面外科Dentofacialsurgery心胸外科Cardiothoracicsurgery泌尿外科Urologicsurgery神经外科Neurosurgery普通外科Generalsurgery 腹部外科 Abdominalsurgery 3 性病性质肿瘤外科Neoplasticsurgery急症外科Emergencysurgery创伤外科Traumasurgery烧伤外科Burnsurgery4 手术方式整复外科Plasticsurgery显微外科Microsurgery移植外科Transplantation微创外科Minimallyinvasivesurgery 5 年龄小儿外科PediatricSurgery成人外科AdultSurgery6 专业妇科Gynecology耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology眼科Ophthalmology 3 外科总论与各论GeneralSurgery SpecialSurgery 外科学总论GeneralSurgery各临床外科共同的专业基础基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁外科学各论SpecialSurgery论述各系统 各脏器外科疾病的病因 病理 诊断与治疗 外科分子生物学Surgicalmolecularbiology 外科免疫学Surgicalimmunology 无菌术Aseptictechnique 外科水 电解质和酸碱平衡Fluidandelectrolytemanagementandacid basebalance 输血Bloodtransfusion 外科休克Surgicalshock 外科营养Surgicalnutrition 多器官功能障碍综合征Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome MODS 麻醉Anesthesia 外科重症监测治疗Surgicalintensivecare 心肺脑复苏Brain cardiopulmonaryResuscitation 疼痛治疗Painmanagement Analgesia 围手术期处理Paraoperativemanagement 门诊外科Outpatientsurgery 外科感染Surgicalinfection 肿瘤Neoplasma 创伤Trauma 烧伤与冷伤Burns Coldinjury 显微外科Microsurgery 器官移植Organtransplantation 组织工程Tissueengineering 腔镜外科Laparoscopic thorascopicsurgery 内镜外科Endoscopicsurgery 外科介入治疗Surgicalinterventiontreatment 三 如何学习外科Howtolearnsurgery 外科医师的职业道德MoralCharacter 理论联系实践TheoryandPractice 外科基础BasictheoryBasicknowledgeBasictechnique Spunkoftiger 胆大 形象化的要求Somefigureofspeechaboutthebasicdemands Eyesofeagle 眼明 Handsofwomen 手巧 Heartofmother 心细 学问 Learntofindque