BEC中级商务报告写作讲义.doc

中级商务报告写作1. 什么是商务报告商务报告是指针对某种特殊的、有意义的商务目的，向一个人或多个人提供的公正、客观和有计划的事实陈述。报告中所陈述的事实必须与事件、条件、质量、进展、结果、问题或提议的解决方案有关，帮助当事人了解复杂的商业情况，计划进程，解决问题，使上级领导就一系列事件做出决策。通常是根据上司的要求，由下级向上级呈报。 2. 商务报告种类事件调查报告（Investigative Reports）意见调查报告（Survey Reports）年度报告（Annual Report）、月度报告（Monthly Reports）、周报告（Weekly Reports）进展报告（Progress Reports）市场调查报告（Market Research Reports）可行性研究报告（Feasibility Reports）。 3. 商务英语报告写作的总体原则 内容准确无误（Accurate）、简明扼要（Brief），结构清晰（Clear），建议明确果断（Decisive），故简称ABCD原则。具体内容如下：内容准确无误：报告的正确性不仅仅是指英语语法、标点符号和拼写，更重要的是其内容要叙述的正确。报告的事实陈述部分既不能因哗众取宠而夸大其词，也不能因其涉及的令人不愉快的消息而低调陈述。实事求是、准确无误是报告写作的重要原则。 内容简明扼要：报告的长短一般取决于报告的内容及其正式程度。正式报告篇幅一般较长，而非正式报告则较短。不论何种报告，报告的语言必须简洁、流畅，切忌陈词滥调。一份拖沓冗长的报告不仅写时费力，对方阅读更浪费时间。撰写商务英语报告时要尽量避免罗嗦，用尽可能较少的文字，完整、清楚地表达需要表达的意。结构清晰明了：用数字、符号标明段落、层次、要点等，加强逻辑性，使读者一目了然。建议明确果断：多数报告都有结论和建议部分，是报告的核心。撰写时，应确保报告的结论和建议是经过充分论证而得出的，而且应明确果断，切忌模棱两可。 连接性词语和表达Adding ideasFurthermore/ Moreover/ In addition, also, as well as, Contrasting ideasHowever, ，Although ., . .Despite/ In spite of，while / whereas，On the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, Making comparisonsBoth./ Neither ，Like/Unlike，Likewise, similarly, be similar to, the same as, compared with/to Linking cause and effectBecause of/ as a result of/ due to/thanks to /owing to，This means，leads to/ results in，Consequently, ，As a result, ，therefore, otherwise, as, because, since, now that Examplesfor example, for instance, such as, take for exampleEmphasis in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,Summary 概括、归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion 4. 商务英语报告的四步写作法 在撰写报告之前，应做好充分的准备。因此，撰写者不妨应先回答以下几个问题： 报告的目的：为什么写这份报告？ 报告的读者：谁是报告的读者？他（们）知道什么信息？他（们）需要什么信息？ 报告的素材：撰写这份报告需要收集哪些信息？到哪里去收集这些信息？ 报告的结构：如何构思报告？如何做到报告结构清晰，便于读者阅读？是否需要自己设计报告的格式还是公司有现成的格式可以参照？ 报告的写作期限：报告何时须上交？ 回答完以上问题后，可以按照以下四个步骤进行运作：1）.收集信息（Collecting Information）：收集信息可以采取口头或书面形式。口头形式包括面对面沟通或电话沟通获取信息等；书面形式指的是用办公室便函（Memos）、电子邮件（Emails）、问卷调查（Questionnaires）等手段向公司内部或外部索取信息。此外，查阅公司的相关材料（如产品目录、价格单等）也属于书面收集信息形式。 2）.谋篇布局（Planning the structure）：确定报告写作的目的，对收集到的信息进行整理、分类，删除无关信息。然后按照信息的重要程度进行合理排列，列成提纲。若需要摆放插图或图表，也应在这一阶段确定其在报告中的位置。3）.撰写草稿（Writing the draft）：撰写报告的各个部分，各部分的具体内容在本文第四部分详细讲解。4).校对编辑（Proofreading and editing）：校对编辑报告写作的最后一个过程也是极其重要的一个过程，很遗憾这一过程往往被人忽视。撰写人写完草稿后应对报告进行全面检查，检查的具体内容包括两方面：一是语言，包括语法、拼写、标点符号、语言风格等；二是信息，包括数据、图表、观点等。检查后，应对报告进行编辑，尽量做到报告便于读者阅读。 5. 商务英语报告的写作语气 一般而言，报告大多由下属写给上司，使用的语言多为正式。此外，报告的内容和篇幅也决定了其写作语气比商务信函要正式的多。在撰写商务英语报告的过程中，可以适当多使用一些能提高语言正式度英语语法结构。具体而言如下：1）使用被动语态，如：The e-Source message will be delivered to the target audience multiple times through multiple avenues.2）使用复杂词汇，如：The training system incorporates (includes) many visual aids.3）使用长句子，如：The content and message of the kit will be similar to that sent toconventional outlets, but will be tailored to electronic media and will either be e-mailed tothe Webmaster or sent in hard copy and on a diskette.4）使用名词短语，如：The rectification of this problem can be achieved by insertion of a wedge.5) 使用非人物主语，如：Putting a copy of this CD-ROM in the hands of editors of targeted publications will allow them to see for themselves the features of the State Computer Store. 6) 使用分词短语，如：Armed with this information, our customers will be able to identify trends and make strategic decisions in accordance with their agencys goals. 7) 使用动词不定式，如：To streamline the internal approval process, we can e-mail our quote to our purchasing agent for budget approval. 8) 使用介词短语，如：With convenient access to Web Services in our online Electronic Product and Pricing Catalog & Order Tracking and Status System, customers can generate sales and service reports upon demand. 6. 商务英语报告结构 一般来说，商务英语报告的常见构成部分有：摘要（Executive Summary）、标题（Title）、导言（Introduction/ Terms of Reference）、材料收集方法（Methodology/Proceedings）、调查结果（Findings）、结论（Conclusions）、建议（Recommendations）、附录（Appendices）等。 但是BEC中级商务报告写作主要结构为：title, introduction, fact and findings, conclusion, recommendations. 1) 标题（Title） always give the report an overall title；use abbreviations for the name to reduce the number of words.报告的标题应尽可能概括报告的内容，因为它是整篇报告的信息浓缩，而且标题应该准确、客观，不应像报刊文章标题那样为了吸引读者的注意力而别出心裁。此外，标题应该是名词短语或动名词短语。如以下几例：Report on suitability of Executive Relocation Services (ERS)Report on the Proposed Incentive SchemeReport on the Adoption of Flex-time Working Systems 2) 导言（Introduction/ Terms of Reference）use standard phrases 在导言部分，扼要地说明一下报告的写作背景和主旨。此外，还应该注明报告提交给何人、何时提交的。如果是事件调查报告应首先说明事件的经过，包括事件发生的日期、时间、地点、情况叙述等。以下是导言部分写作的常见句型：n The purpose/ aim/ objective of this report is to investigate/ evaluate/ assess/ study/ estimaten This report aims to recommend/ analyze/ give ; n This report sets out to n Mr. X has asked me to report to investigate / evaluate / study / recommend / analyze / give feedback / estimate / assess 重复题目n As requested by 某人/某部门, I am submitting the following report about 重复题目中的目的。n Upon request of 某人/某部门，.n As you或者某人，某部门 requested on November 12, I am submitting the following report on 重复题目n Here is the report concerning 重复题目要求n We have done a survey showing that 重复题目要求，或者直接开始阐述数据或者信息。3）调查结果（Findings） 报告的调查结果部分是报告建议的依据，其内容应当准确无误，结构清晰，语言流畅、衔接。这部分内容的每一个段落都应当有一个明确的主题句，一般放在段首，这样便于读者摄取这部分的信息。以下是这部分主题句写作的常见句型： It was proposed/ found/ felt/ discovered that According to the recent market research / investigation / survey / the chart above / the table above / undertaken, The findings of the investigation indicate that clearly show(s) that The recent visit/investigation/survey showed that It was generally the case that Most people thought/suggested that A number of people mentioned that Several changes were put forward. Several staff members expressed the view that 若报告中需提供图表统计数据或描述行情走势，撰写人应当熟悉这方面写作的常用句型，以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构：1. The table/chart/graph/diagram/figure/statistics shows/describes/illustrates that 2. As it can be seen from the table/chart/figure 3. It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/graph/diagram/figure/statistics that 4. The number ofincreased/jumped/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically fromto 5. The number ofdecreased/dropped/fell greatly/significantly sharply fromto 6. The number offluctuated slowly/slightly betweento 7. The number ofremained steady/stable (stayed the same) betweento 8. There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant increase/jump/rise in the number of fromto 9. There was a (very) sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight decrease/drop/fall in the 10. The monthly profit/figures peaked in December at 10%. 11. The monthly profit/figures reached a peak/a high (point) in December at 10%. 12. The monthly profit/figures bottomed out in December at 10%. 13. Sales witnessed a great rise/increase/drop/fall betweento 4）结论（Conclusions） One sentence 报告的结论部分是写报告的人在报告调查结果的基础上是对调查结果进行总结和解释。同一调查结果会因为撰写者的不同而得出不同的结论，但这部分不应当包括报告前文中没有提到的新的信息。 1. It was concluded/ decided/ agreed/ felt that2. No conclusions were reached regarding the 3. In conclusion/ On balance, 4. According to the findings above, it can be concluded that 5. From the table shown, it can be concluded that6. Therefore, it can be concluded that 5）建议（Recommendations） one sentence建议往往是许多商务报告写作的最重要部分。一份报告有效程度常常取决于报告中所提供的建议的质量高低。建议部分主要内容为报告撰写人在经过充分的论证后认为应当采取的措施或行动。报告人有时也会描述采取措施后可能出现的后果或情形。注意，recommendation以及recommend后面要用动词原形（虚拟语气）。1. It was recommended/ proposed/ suggested that 2. we would recommend that 3. The following are the recommendations 4. It would be advisable to 5. Based on the conclusion / analysis above, we recommend that / it can concluded that 6. With reference to the advantages stated above, the following recommendations can be made,7. With reference to the facts above, the following recommendations can be made,8. On the basis of the results, I have the following recommendations9. On the basis of the analysis, it is reasonable to have the following recommendations:如果需要进一步拓展，可以描述一下建议实施后可预期的进展或者景象。具体说法是，建议结束之后，so that 或者 thus 7. 注意事项： 1). Always give the report an overall title.2). Use abbreviations for names to reduce the number of the words. 3). The report needs to be divided into sections. Each section requires a suitable heading. 4). One paragraph, one idea.5). Where possible, use standard phrases, linking words to connect ideas. 6). Use formal language and no short forms.7). Keep introductions, conclusions and recommendations to just one sentence. 8). Pay attention to words limit. 9). Use bullet points to make the content clear and easy to read. 下面为一份非正式报告的两种形式，毋庸置疑，右边经过编辑后的版本结构清晰、层次分明，内容清楚、一目了然，其格式不论是对写正式报告还是非正式报告都值得借鉴。Proposed Incentive Scheme Mr. John Smith, Office Manager, has asked me to write this report on a proposed incentive scheme offering rewards, possibly financial, to members of staff for money-saving ideas or ways to improve work practices. A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions. The following is the findings: most thought the incentive scheme was a good idea; most preferred financial rewards; some suggested time off instead; A few thought this was a management area. In general most workers were in favor of an incentive scheme offering financial rewards. It is recommended that the scheme be introduced. Richard Stewart March 18, 20 Report on A Proposed Incentive Scheme Terms of Reference: Mr. John Smith, Office Manager, has asked me to write this report on a proposed incentive scheme offering rewards, possibly financial, to members of staff for money-saving ideas or ways to improve work practices. Proceedings: A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions. Findings: u Most thought the incentive scheme was a good idea. u Most preferred financial rewards. u Some suggested time off instead. u A few thought this was a management area. Conclusions: In general most workers were in favor of an incentive scheme offering financial rewards. Recommendations: It is recommended that the scheme be introduced. Richard Stewart March 18, 20-Assignment: l You work for a company that sells electrical goods. You have recently vis