tpo1-18阅读重点词汇.doc

原文由整理，更多相关资料请移步留留学网站APPLIED ARTS AND FINE ARTSidentical identical | adentkladj. 同一的; 一卵的, 同卵的; 完全相同的, 完全相似的; 同源的applied applied | pladadj. 实用的; 应用的compromise compromise | kmprmazn. 妥协, 折衷案, 折衷v. 互让解决; 放弃; 连累, 危及; 泄露; 妥协, 让步structural structural | strktrladj. 结构的, 建筑的internal internal | ntrnl /-tnln. 本质, 本性; 内部器官, 内脏adj. 内在的; 国内的constant constant | knstnt /kn-n. 常数; 恒量adj. 不变的; 坚决的; 持续的exaggeration exaggeration | gzdrenn. 夸张, 夸大; 夸张的手法; 夸张的言语concert concert | knstn. 音乐会, 一致, 合奏v. 商议, 使协调, 协同安排; 协力, 一致行动, 协调craft krftn. 技艺, 诡计, 手艺v. 精巧地制作construct construct | knstrktn. 构思的结果, 构想; 概念v. 建造; 创立; 构造fiber fiber | fab(r)n. 纤维; 质地; 纤维物质, 纤维质料; 性格common common | kmnn. 公共用地, 公有地adj. 通常的, 通俗的, 共同的; 公用的shelter shelter | elt(r)n. 遮盖物; 避难所; 躲避处; 掩蔽, 遮蔽v. 掩蔽, 遮蔽; 保护; 庇护; 躲避; 避难support support | sprt /-ptn. 支撑; 支援, 支持v. 支撑, 扶持, 支托; 资助; 支持, 赞成, 拥护; 忍受, 忍耐container container | -nn. 容器; 集装箱substance substance | sbstnsn. 物质, 主旨, 实质pertain pertain | prten /p-v. 属于, 附属, 关于arbitrary arbitrary | btrradj. 专制的, 任意的, 恣意的roof rufn. 屋顶; 车顶; 顶部v. 盖屋顶, 遮蔽discipline discipline | dsplnn. 训练, 纪律v. 训练, 惩罚distribution distribution | dstrbjunn. 分配; 配给物; 分发rigid rigid | rddadj. 坚硬的; 不易弯曲的; 坚固的; 严格的renaissance Renaissance | rnesnsn. 复活, 文艺复兴, 复兴statue statue | sttun. 雕像, 塑像physics n. 物理学aesthetic aesthetic | isetk(l)adj. 美学的; 艺术的; 美的; 审美的intention intention | ntennn. 意图, 目的, 意向; 意思, 含义; 求婚意图; 愈合sculptor sculptor | sklpt(r)n. 雕刻家internal internal | ntrnl /-tnln. 本质, 本性; 内部器官, 内脏adj. 内在的; 国内的obstruct obstruct | bstrktv. 阻隔, 阻塞, 妨碍incidental incidental | nsdentln. 附带事件; 杂项; 偶然事件; 杂费adj. 附带的, 容易发生的, 偶然的Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics. THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANScetacean cetacean | stejnn. 鲸类动物; 鲸dolphin dolphin | dlfnn. 海豚gill dln. 鳃#腮#嘴巴#菌鳃v. 用刺网捕; 除去内脏; 被刺网捕住absence absence | bsnsn. 不在; 缺席; 缺乏presence presence | preznsn. 出席, 存在, 到场blowhole (blhl)n.An opening or one of a pair of openings for breathing, located on the top of the head of cetaceans, such as whales and dolphins. The blowhole is opened by muscles upon surfacing and closed by the pressure of water upon diving.A hole in ice to which aquatic mammals, such as dolphins, come to breathe.A vent to permit the escape of air or other gas.disguise disguise | dsgazn. 假面目, 假装v. 假装, 隐瞒affinity affinity | fntn. 倾向, 喜好, 本性; 密切关系; 姻亲关系; 类同dwelling dwelling | dweln. 住处, 寓所, 住宅otter otter | tr /tn. 水獭, 水獭皮seal sln. 印章, 印信, 图章; 封印纸; 封; 封条#海豹; 海豹皮v. 封, 密封; 保证; 盖章, 盖印于; 确认; 猎海豹walrus walrus | wlrsn. 海象, 海象胡须limb lmn. 肢; 脚; 臂; 翼#边缘; 叶边; 刻度圈, 分度弧v. 肢解; 从截去树枝; 给.截肢envision envision | nvnv. 想像; 预想intermediate ,intermediate | nt(r)mdetdn. 中间物, 调停者v. 作中间人; 干预adj. 中间的, 中级的transitional transitional | trnznladj. 变迁的; 过渡期的officially adv. 官方地, 正式地embedded adj. 植入的; 内含的; 深入的precious precious | presadj. 宝贵的, 珍爱的, 过于精致的adv. 很, 非常exact exact | gzktv. 强要; 急需, 需要; 勒索adj. 精确的, 精密的, 准确的detect detect | dtektv. 察觉; 侦查; 发觉shallow shallow | ladj. 浅的, 肤浅的skeleton skeleton | skeltnn. 骨骼, 梗概, 瘦如柴的人adj. 骨骼的; 概略的; 骨瘦如柴的; 最基本的sediment sediment | sedmntn. 沉淀物, 沉积exposed exposed | kspzdadj. 暴露的, 暴露于风雨中的, 无庶蔽的feature feature | ft(r)n. 特征, 特色, 容貌; 全长胶片; 吸引; 报纸上的一般栏目; 程序的优点, 专长, 特点 (计算机用语)v. 是.的特色; 放映; 特写vestigial vestigial | vestdladj. 留有痕迹的; 退化的; 残余的portion portion | prn /p-n. 部分; 一份遗产; 一份, 一客; 命运, 定数v. 把.分成多份; 给.一份嫁妆; 分配locomotion locomotion | lkmnn. 运动, 转位, 移动rear rr /rn. 后部, 后面; 后方; 背后, 背面; 后尾v. 抚养, 培养; 栽种, 培植; 饲养; 竖起, 举起; 高耸; 用后腿站起; 暴跳adj. 后面的, 背后的, 后部的; 殿后的; 后方的propulsion propulsion | prplnn. 推进, 推进力visible visible | vzbladj. 看得见的, 显然的, 明显的even though 即使; 虽然visible = exposedThe structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.DESERT FORMATIONaccelerate accelerate | kselretv. 使增速; 促使.早日发生; 促进; 使加速; 加快; 增加; 增长stony stony | stnadj. 多石的, 无情的particle particle | prtkl /pt-n. 粒子, 极小量, 点retain retain | rtenv. 保持, 保留substantial substantial | sbstnladj. 实质上的, 有内容的, 物质的penetration penetration | pentrenn. 穿透; 穿透深度; 穿透能力; 渗透absorption absorption | bspnn. 专心, 热中, 吸收diminish diminish | dmnv. 减少, 缩减, 减小; 把减半音; 削弱.的权势, 降低.的声誉; 使成尖顶; 变小, 缩小; 成尖顶; 失势, 被贬低progressive progressive | prgresvn. 改革论者, 进步论者adj. 前进的, 进步的, 累进的deterioration deterioration | dtrrenn. 恶化, 变坏; 堕落; 退化global warming 地球温室效应; 全球气温上升subsequent subsequent | sbskwntadj. 后来的, 并发的border border | bdn. 边缘, 边沿; 边界, 国界, 边境; 饰边, 滚边; 应用视窗四面的框架 (计算机用语)v. 与.接壤; 接近; 毗邻, 接界; 近似environmental environmental | nvarnmentladj. 环境的; 有关环境的subject subject | sbktn. 题目, 科目, 主题v. 使隶属, 使受到adj. 受他国统治的, 受制于.的, 未独立的fuel fuel | fjul /fjln. 燃料v. 加燃料; 供以燃料; 得到燃料phenomenon phenomenon | fnmnn ,-nn /fnmnnn. 现象; 非凡的人, 稀有的事, 奇迹margin margin | mrdn /mdnn. 页边的空白; 极限; 边缘v. 页边的空白; 极限; 边缘excess excess | ksesn. 过度, 超过, 剩于adj. 过度的; 额外的capacity capacity | -stn. 容量, 才能, 能力grazing n. 放牧; 牧草; 牧场gathering gathering | grn. 聚集; 收款density density | denstn. 密度severe severe | svr /-vadj. 严厉的, 剧烈的, 严格的extensive extensive | kstensvadj. 广的, 多方面的, 广泛的livestock livestock | lavstkn. 家畜; 牲畜grass grs /grsn. 草, 牧场, 草原v. 使吃草, 放牧; 在.上种草; 使长满草; 长草trample trample | trmpln. 踩踏, 蹂躏v. 踩, 践踏; 蔑视; 蹂躏; 伤害; 踩, 践踏; 蔑视; 脚步沉重地走; 伤害pulverization pulverization | plvrazenn. 研碎; 彻底摧毁; 粉碎; 毁灭shrub rbn. 矮树; 灌木#甜酒nutrient nutrient | nutrnt /nju-n. 营养物, 滋养物adj. 营养的, 滋养的excess excess | ksesn. 过度, 超过, 剩于adj. 过度的; 额外的drainage drainage | drendn. 排水dissolve dissolve | dzlvv. 分解; 使融化; 使溶解; 使液化; 分解; 融化; 溶解; 液化crustal adj. 地壳的rigorously rgrsladv. 严厉地; 残酷地vegetation vegetation | vedtenn. 植被, 呆板单调的生活, 植物, 草木The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.EARLY CINEMAcinema cinema | snmn. 电影院; 电影emerge emerge | mdv. 浮现, 脱出, 形成initial initial | nln. 起首字母; 首字母v. 签姓名的首字母adj. 开始的, 字首的, 最初的arcade arcade | kedn. 拱廊; 长廊商场; 骑楼permit permit | prmt ,pr- /pmt ,p-n. 通行证, 执照, 许可证v. 允许, 容许model model | mdl /mdln. 模型, 模特儿, 模范v. 使模仿, 塑造; 做模型, 做模特儿adj. 模范的, 作模型用的maximize (Amer.) maximize | mksmazv. 取.最大值; 最佳化profit profit | prft /pr-n. 利润, 利益, 赢利v. 有益, 赚钱, 获利; 有益于admission admission | dmnn. 加入许可; 入场券; 承认, 坦白device device | dvasn. 装置; 图案; 设计; 可以发送或接受数据的硬件成分 (计算机用语)theater theater | t(r)n. 剧场; 电影院; 戏院legitimate legitimate | ldtmtv. 认为正当, 使合法, 立为嫡嗣adj. 合法的, 婚生的, 正当的ultimate ultimate | ltmtn. 终极, 顶点, 根本adj. 终极的, 极限的, 根本的previously previously | prvsladv. 事先; 仓促地; 以前; 不成熟地minstrel minstrel | mnstrln. 吟游诗人spectator spectator | spektet /spektetn. 观众, 旁观者, 目击者entertainment ,entertainment | ent(r)temntn. 款待; 娱乐表演; 娱乐assemble assemble | semblv. 集合; 装配; 聚集; 集会, 集合, 聚集substance substance | sbstnsn. 物质, 主旨, 实质participation participation | prtspen /pt-n. 分享, 参与manipulation manipulation | mnpjlen /-jl-n. 处理; 操纵; 操作camera camera | kmrn. 照相机, 摄影机; 暗室relationship relationship | rlenpn. 关系, 关联; 亲属关系; 人际关系; 姻亲关系proportion proportion | prprn /-p-n. 比例, 部份, 均衡v. 使成比例, 分摊, 使均衡readily readily | redladv. 乐意地, 欣然地; 无困难地, 容易地; 很快地, 立即地easily easily | izladv. 容易地, 流利地, 轻易地 He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.AGGRESSION(OG)engage engage | ngedv. 使忙碌; 预定; 雇佣; 答应; 交战; 从事psychologist psychologist | sakldst /sak-n. 心理学者approach approach | prtn. 门径, 接近v. 靠近; 动手处理; 接近numerous numerous | numrs /nju-adj. 很多的, 多数的, 数目众多的aggression aggression | grenn. 进攻; 侵略hypothalamus n. 丘脑下部stimulus stimulus | stmjls /-mjl-n. 刺激, 刺激品, 激励instinctive instinctive | nstktvadj. 本能的, 直觉的, 天生的stereotypical adj. 陈规的, 老套的moderate moderate | mdrt /md-n. 温和主义者, 稳健派v. 节制, 使缓和, 使稳定; 变温和; 静息; 变弱; 主持会议adj. 适度的, 中等的, 稳健的instinct instinct | nstktn. 本能, 直觉offshoot n. 分支, 支流sociobiology sociobiology (ss-b-l-j, -sh-)n. 社会生物学The study of the biological determinants of social behavior, based on the theory that such behavior is often genetically transmitted and subject to evolutionary processes.desirable desirable | dzarbladj. 值得向往的; 令人满意的; 值得拥有的; 富有魅力的behavior behavior | bhevjn. 行为, 举止; 运转状态, 性能; 态度; 反应, 变化genetically adv. 从基因方面; 从遗传学角度adulthood adulthood | dlthdn. 成人期struggle struggle | strgln. 奋斗; 努力; 斗争; 使劲v. 努力, 挣扎, 奋斗; 尽力使得, 使劲移动existence existence | -tnsn. 存在; 生活; 实在transmit transmit | trnzmt ,-s-v. 传输, 传达, 转送; 发射信号, 发报generation generation | denrenn. 一代, 产生, 一世impulse impulse | mplsn. 冲动, 刺激, 驱使crucial crucial | kruladj. 决定性的, 严厉的, 重要的frustration frustration | frstrenn. 挫败; 受挫; 挫折desire desire | dzan. 欲望, 要求v. 想要, 请求gratify gratify | grtfa= satisfyv. 使满足satisfy satisfy | stsfav. 使满意, 符合, 满足; 令人满意, 替人赎罪in a sense 在某种意义上explosion explosion | ksplnn. 爆发; 爆炸; 发出furniture furniture | frnt(r) /fn-n. 家具, 附属品verbal verbal | vrbl /vbln. 准动词adj. 言语的, 逐字的, 口头的therapist therapist | erpstn. 治疗学家; 特定疗法技师vent ventn. 通风孔; 出口; 出烟孔v. 发泄, 给.开孔, 排出catharsis catharsis | kssn. 导泻; 净化作用valve vlvn. 活瓣, 活门, 阀tension tension | tennn. 紧张, 拉紧, 不安cognitive cognitive | kgntvadj. 认知的; 有感知的; 认识的assert assert | stv. 声称, 断言; 主张拥有; 坚持, 维护; 显示interpret interpret | ntrprt /-tp-v. 解释, 诠释, 说明; 口译, 翻译; 理解; 演奏, 演; 作解释; 作口译, 当翻译choice tsn. 选择; 精选品; 抉择adj. 上等的, 精选的automatically automatically | tmtkladv. 自动地; 无意识地, 机械地, 不自觉地interpretation interpretation | ntrprten /-tp-n. 解释, 翻译, 演出assume assume | sjumv. 以为; 认为; 假定为; 承担inevitable inevitable | nevtbl= Unavoidableadj. 不可避免的; 必然的distort distort | dstt= Misinterpretv. 弄歪; 歪曲; 扭曲misinterpret msntrprt /-t-v. 曲解resent resent | rzentv. 愤恨, 怨恨, 憎恶For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.本文章的内容选自, 并有 互动在线 授权许可ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATIONmanufacturing ,manufacturing | mnfktr /-njf-n. 制造业, 工业skilled skldadj. 熟练的; 有技能的artisan artisan | tznn. 工匠; 技工craft krftn. 技艺, 诡计, 手艺v. 精巧地制作impart impart | mprt /-ptv. 给予; 告知; 传授trade tredn. 贸易, 交易, 商业v. 交易, 经商, 买卖; 用.进行交换apprentice apprentice | prentsn. 学徒, 生手v. 使做学徒journeyman journeyman | drnmn /dn-n. 学徒期满的职工; 熟练工人article article | tkln. 一件; 商品; 物品; 文章; 送到一个新群组的信息 (计算机用语)v. 订约将.收为学徒merchant merchant | mrtnt /m-n. 商人, 店主adj. 商业的; 商人的capitalist capitalist | kptlstn. 资本家; 资本主义者unskilled adj. 不熟练的, 拙劣的, 未成熟的semiskilled adj. 半熟练的availability availability | velbltn. 有效; 可利用性; 有益; 可得到的东西credit credit | kredtn. 赊帐, 赊欠; 银行存款; 信誉; 信用, 信赖v. 归功于, 信任, 赞颂creation creation | -enn. 创造; 创立; 创作; 世界, 万物, 宇宙accustom accustom | kstmv. 使习惯于occur occur | kr /kv. 发生, 出现apprentice apprentice | prentsn. 学徒, 生手v. 使做学徒supervise supervise | sup(r)vazv. 监督; 指导; 管理moral moral | mrl /m-n. 道德, 寓意, 品行adj. 道德的, 良心的, 品性端正的leisurely leisurely | lrl /le-adj. 悠闲的, 从容的adv. 从容地, 悠闲地elegant elegant | elgntadj. 文雅的; 雅致的; 端庄的pride pradn. 自豪, 骄傲, 自尊v. 使得意, 以.自豪gave way退却或者放弃放弃优势或者地位sense sensn. 感官; 感觉; 官能; 意识v. 感到, 认识, 理解necessitate necessitate | nsestetv. 使成为必需, 需要; 迫使regiment regiment | redmntn. 团; 大量; 大群v. 把.编成团; 严密管制, 严格控制constant constant | knstnt /kn-n. 常数; 恒量adj. 不变的; 坚决的; 持续的alert alert | ltn. 警报, 警戒; 警戒期间; 警戒状态v. 向.报警; 使注意; 使警觉; 通知待命adj. 灵敏的, 警觉的, 留心的dependable dependable | -dbladj. 可信任的, 可信赖的, 可靠的discipline discipline | dsplnn. 训练, 纪律v. 训练, 惩罚absenteeism absenteeism | bsntizmn. 在外地主经济制; 旷课; 旷工disrupt disrupt | dsrpt= Upsetv. 使分裂, 使瓦解; 使混乱, 使中断disrupt= Upsetregiment regiment | redmntn. 团; 大量; 大群v. 把.编成团; 严密管制, 严格控制community community | kmjuntn. 社区, 共同社会; 社会, 公众; 共同体; 共有emerge emerge | mdv. 浮现, 脱出, 形成momentum momentum | mmentmn. 动力; 要素collapse collapse | klpsn. 倒塌; 失败; 崩溃; 压缩, 现有图书馆下属子目录或图书馆的隐藏 (计算机用语)v. 倒塌; 瓦解; 崩溃; 使倒塌spearhead =leadn. 矛头, 枪尖; 先锋部队; 先锋v. 当.的先锋; 带头; 为.扫清道路immediate immediate | mdtadj. 立即的, 近的, 直接的ethnic ethnic | enkadj. 种族的; 人种学的racial racial | reladj. 人种的, 种族的; 种族之间的resentresent | rzentv. 愤恨, 怨恨, 憎恶antagonism antagonism | ntgnzmn. 对抗; 敌意; 对立, 敌对; 对抗力量occupational occupational | kjpenl /kj-adj. 职业的, 占领的loyalty loyalty | lltn. 忠诚; 忠诚的行为; 忠心tactics tactics | tktksn. 战术, 用兵学; 策略, 手段agent agent | edntn. 代理人; 仲介人; 代理商; 间谍, 特工, 密探fortune fortune | frtn /ftun ,ftnn. 财富, 兴隆, 运气wage wedn. 薪水, 代价, 报偿; 工资v. 开展, 进行labor n. 劳动; 分娩, 阵痛; 劳工, 劳方responsibility responsibility | rspnsblt /-pn-n. 责任, 负担, 职责Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior.The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATESpresidency presidency | prezdnsn. 总统职位, 主席职位, 总裁职位sweep swpn. 打扫, 清扫; 绵亘, 伸展, 延伸; 一挥; 曲线v. 扫; 扫去; 清扫, 打扫; 清除; 扫, 袭击, 打扫Democratic Party 民主党派serve srv /svn. 发球, 开球v. 为.服务; 供应; 为.服役; 侍候; 服务; 供职; 服役; 帮佣administration administration | dmnstrenn. 经营, 管理; 行政, 施政; 监督; 管理部门; 行政部门immeasurably adv. 不可测量地; 广大无边地representative ,representative | rprzenttvn. 代表, 典型, 众议员adj. 描写的, 代理的, 表现的senate senate | sentn. 参议院; 全体议员; 立法机构; 元老院elect elect | lektv. 选举; 选择, 决定; 推选; 作选择adj. 被选的, 选出的declaration declaration | deklrenn. 宣告, 宣布, 说明redefine rdfanv. 重新定义relationship relationship | rlenpn. 关系, 关联; 亲属关系; 人际关系; 姻亲关系opponent opponent | pnntn. 对手, 反对者, 敌手adj. 敌对的, 反对的gradually gradually | grdjladv. 逐步地, 渐渐地commerce commerce | kmsn. 商业, 贸易, 商务aristocrat aristocrat | rstkrtn. 贵族; 持贵族观点的人, 主张贵族统治者; 具贵族气派的人; 佼佼者manipulate manipulate | mnpjlet /-jl-v. 操纵, 操