高中英语强调句讲义 教师版.doc

做中国真正“一站式”服务教育品牌 成长快乐教育城学科教师辅导讲义学员姓名：陈雨婷 年 级：高 一 在读学校：川沙中学辅导课目：英 语 学科教师：甘绍旭 班 主 任：范婷 总课时数： 授课次数：第3次 授课类型高考考点模块复习专项练习授课日期及时段 2014-3-15 10:10-12:10教学内容“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。EG：It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 判断方法：去掉强调结构It is (was) that(who)后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。比较下面两个句子，判断哪一个是强调句？另外一个是什么从句？1. It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.（主语从句）2. It is you and Tom that didnt come yesterday.（强调句）1. It is what you do rather than what you say _matters.（05天津）A.that B. what C.which D. this答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B. that C.before D.since （05安徽）答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。练习：将下列句子改为强调句。1. Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.(强调主语)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语)2. Three years ago he went to America for a further study.3. They remembered the things and people that they were talking about.若要强调谓语动词，则需要借助助动词do或did I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。 He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。试比较：It was because of the accident why he was late. (误) It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。1. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. （08重庆）A. that B.when C.while D. as答案A。该题强干扰项是B，考生容易因强调时间状语until midnight而误选。2. It was after hegot what he had desired _he realized it was not soimportant.（06辽宁）A.that B.when C.since D. as答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he had desired，题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。3. It was in NewZealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （08全国II）A. that B.how C.which D. when答案A。强调地点状语in New Zealand.注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:1. I just wonder _that makes him so excited.（06山东）A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出，但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序：it is what that makes him soexcited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调了疑问代词what，因为wonder后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。2. It was not until she got home _Jennifer realized she had lost herkeys.A. when B. that C.where D.before（06全国卷二）答案B。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个“not until”句型：Jennifer didnt realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until she gothome，这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was之后。1. How happy he looks! How happy it is that he looks!2. What a clever boy he is! What a clever boy it is that he is!注意：在复习中有可能把It is/ wasthat句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：1、把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/wasthat误认为是强调句式。- Where did you get to know her?（07山东）- It was on the farm _ we worked.AthatBthereCwhich Dwhere答案D。该句易误作强调句型，所以A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选D，因为平日教学老师一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用itwas that强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I gotto know her.”2、把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。It was twenty miles from our city to the village _the accidenthappened.A. that B.when C. then D.where答案D。本题貌似It wasthat强调句型，其实不然。句中It表示距离，where 引导地点状语从句。3、把It is/ wasthat结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”（04北京）A. This is B. There is C. Thatis D. It is答案D。如果选A和C，指示代词This和That在句中找不出指代的内容，选B意义不通。故选D。虽然选It is后题干中出现了Itis that结构，但这不是强调句型。很明显，题干中的that从句应是主语从句，所缺的是形式主语。_ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economyA. As B. That C. This D.It （06浙江）答案D。如果去掉It is that, 中间的our belief就无法处理，因此该句不是强调句型，而是一个复合句，It是形式主语，that引导真正主语。跟踪训练：一、单项填空1. - He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.- When was _? （07浙江） - _ was in 2000 when he was still in college.A. that; ThisB. this; It C. it;This D. that; It2. It is not who is right but what is right _is of importance.（07重庆）A. which B.it C.that D. this3. It was along the Mississippi River _Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. how B.which C. that D.where（08天津）4. Was it in the room_Mr. Johnson lived _the exhibition was held?A. that; that B. where; that C.where; where D. that;where5. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.A.repairingB. repaired C. To repairD. in repair6. It is in Steven Spielbergs first film, Jaws, _ a big white shark attacks swimmers _ are spending theirholidays in a small village by the sea.A. where; whoB. which;that C. that;that D. where; that7. -You seemed to have been impressed by his songs.-Well, not exactly so. It was his way of singing_ his voice that really impressed me.A. rather than B. as well as C. but alsoD. together with8. When was _you met with the famous scientist?A. it that B. it C. The place D. the place that9. It was the photo of mine _was taken _stood the high tower.A. which; that B. that;that C. that; where D. who;that10. Is it the years_you worked in the factory _have a good effect on your literary works?A. that; where B. that; that C.when; where D. when; that11. Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident? No,_only the two passengers who got hurt. A. it wasB. there was C. there wereD. there had12. It was _ the exam results were known _ a lot of time on computer games.A. until; did the boy begin to regret having wastedB. not until; that the boy began to regret to have wastedC. not until; that the boy began to regret wastingD. until; did the boy begin to regret to waste答案及解析：15DCCBA 610CAACD 1112 AC1.D。第一个空that代指前面那件事，意思是“那是什么时候”？后一个空是用 it 强调句型来强调，意思是“那是在2000年他还在读大学的时候（他出版了他的第一本新书）”，句中when引导的是定语从句，强调句型中的“that he got his first bookpublished”省略了，2. C。考查itisthat强调句型。题干意思是“不是谁是对的而是什么是对的尤为重要”。强调结构中缺少强调连词，故选C。3. C。强调地点状语along theMississippi River，该题强干扰项是D。考生往往受惯性思维的影响，见到地点，马上考虑到表示地点的副词where.4.B。识别强调句型不难，但极有可能在第一个空填that, 而误选D。其实被强调的部分还含有一个where引导的定语从句，修饰room. 第二个空选that构成强调句型。5.A。此为一强调句型，被强调的repairing the old clock在原句中充当省略了的介词in的宾语。6.C。该题考查强调句型与定语从句混合运用时连接词的辨析。第一空所选that为强调句之连词，第二空所选that为定语从句之关系代词。7.A。该题考查强调句中被强调部分之间的连接词用法。由句意“是他的演唱方式而不是他的歌声给我印象深刻”可知A为正确选项；as well as，together with两项虽然结构上也对，但不符合not exactlyso。8.A。这是特殊问句的强调结构，疑问词是被强调的部分。9. C。这是个强调句型，强调 “the photo of mine”, 所以第一个空填that; 第二个空填where, 引导地点状语从句，表明拍照的地点，这个状语从句用的是倒装语序。10.D。考查强调句型。命题人为了增加句子结构的复杂性，又插上了定语从句。为了便于理解句子，可以把句子还原为两个单句，可以看出“when you worked in thefactory”是用定语从句来修饰被强调的主语the years.11.A。考生很可能误选C。因为考生想表达“不，只有两个人受伤”，很可能用There be结构表达“有”。但是本句实际采用了强调结构，强调“only the two passengers”，故选A。12.C。考查强调句型和非谓语动词的用法。从题干看，这是一个强调句，被强调的是not until引导的状语从句，句子用陈述句语序；动词regret在此表示后悔做了某事，用regret doing / having donesth。二、用强调句型it is/ was that/ who强调黑体部分1. She didnt know her mother was ill in bed until she came home from work.2. Did his father die during the Second World War?3. Who broke the window?4. How did you succeed?5. He is a teacher now.6. I bought the dictionary for you.7. I am to blame.8. You are wrong.9. I am looking for him.10. He told me the news at the gate.答案：1. It was not until she came home from work that she knew her mother was ill in bed.2. Was it during the Second World War that his father died?3. Who was it that broke the window?4. How was it that you succeeded?5. It is a teacher that he is now.6. It was for you that I bought the dictionary.7. It is I who/ that am to blame.8. It is you who/that are wrong.9. It is him whom/that I am looking for10. It was at the gate that he told me the news.高考英语陷阱题总结归纳强调句典型陷阱题分析 1. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being late C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late 【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late. 【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is was that，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。 2. “How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace？” “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which 【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。 【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为： It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式： （1） Who was it _ saved the drowning girl？ A. since B. as C. that D. he 答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。 （2） What is it _ his daughter needs most？ A. what B. which C. that D. if 答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。 3. _ was very _ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。 【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is that 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B.请看下面几例，也属强调结构： （1） It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then 答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。 （2） It may have been at Christmas _ John gave Mary a handbag. A. before B. who C. that D. when 答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。 4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday？” “It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when 【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall. 【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的？”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。 其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅（找到教授的）”，这样语意就通顺了。 5. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that （即选D），被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said.句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例： （1） It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since C. that D. what 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。 （2） It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。 6. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。 【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house （以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father）。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子： （1） It was the boy _ had been in prison _ stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy （以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison）。 （2） It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died. A. where, which B. that, that C. where, thatD. which, that 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。 7. Was it five oclock _the fire broke out？ A. whenB. that C. whichD. in which 【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。 【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is wasthat，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five oclock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five oclock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five oclock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗？”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）： 8. “Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend？” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. while 【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。 【分析】其实此题应选D.做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗？”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend？ 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。 9. Its more than half a century _ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. A. whenB. that C. sinceD. while 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。 【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joinedbecame 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is一段时间since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态（has been），但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。 10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what 【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A. 【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort.由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。 精编陷阱题训练 1.Who are making so much noise in the garden？ _ the children. A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are 2. It is _ he often fails in exams _ makes his parents worried about him. A. what； that B. that； what C. that； that D. / ； that 3. It is the protection for the trees _ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. A. what B. that C. 不填 D. which 4. It is _ my father worked _ I work now. A. where, that B. where, when C. that, where D. that, that 5. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert？ A. it you B. not you C. you D. that you 6. It was ten oclock _ he came back home. A. when B. that C. since D. after 7. It was not until he came back _ he knew the police were looking for him. A. which B. since C. that D. before 答案与解析 1. 选A.为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。 2. 选C.为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams. 3. 选B.为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。 4. 选A，整个句子为 it was that 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。 5. 选A，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw 。 6. 选A.when 表示“当的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。” 7. 选C.为 He didnt know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not until 的强调句式通常为 It was not until that 的形式。强调句型典例展示1. It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are. （2000全国卷）A. one B. thatC. what D. it 2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course.（2006上海春季）A. that B. what C. why D. how3. It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. （2003上海卷）A .who B. that C .how D .what4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? （2004上海卷）A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that5. It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. （2004 福建卷)A because B which C since D that6. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. (2000上海卷)A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 7. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.（2006全国II卷）A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before 8. It was_ black home after the experiment. (2004湖北卷)A. n