CMS和CSE_格式.docx

CMS Author-Date Style， CSE Systems: Name-Year(N-Y) & Citation-Sequence(C-S)1. 正文中的引证 CMS Author-Date, N-Y两种格式注明出处时使用括号夹注的方法； C-S格式使用数字标注的方法。（1） 引用整篇文献的观点引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况，一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如：CMS author-date:This procedure has been used successfully (Wong and Murphy 2001).N-Y:This procedure has been used successfully (Wong and Murphy 2001).C-S:This procedure has been used successfully1.另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，不需要使用括号夹注，如：CMS author-date:Wong and Murphy (2001) have used this procedure successfully. N-Y:Wong and Murphy (2001) have used this procedure successfully. 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如： (Zhu 2000)（2） 引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。例如：CMS author-date:The results have been called “poppycock ” (Wilson 2009, 70).Wilson (2009, 70) has called the results “poppycock.”Wilson (2009) has called the results “poppycock”(70).N-Y:The results have been called “poppycock ” (Wilson 2009, p 70).Wilson (2009, p 70) has called the results “poppycock.”Wilson (2009) has called the results “poppycock”(p 70). 如是同一作者的多卷本，则应在页码前加卷数，如是一本书的其中一个章节， 则应加章节号，如是引用的图表，则应标注图表号。(John 2007, 2:197)(Smith 2008, sec. 19.3)(Smith 2008, chap. 12)(Smith 2008, fig. 3)（3） 引用多位作者写作的同一文献CMS author-date: Among intentional spoonerisms, the “punlike metathesis of distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning” (Johnson and Waugh 1989). 如果有三位作者，在括号夹注中应用逗号分隔他们的姓氏，如：(Alton，Johnson，and Rice 2001)三位以上的作者：CMS author-dateThe study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine et al. 2005).Blaine and others (2005) found N-YThe study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine and others 2005).Blaine and others (2005) found 注意： CMS author-date在句中提及作者时，应用 “and others”替换et al.。N-Y的夹注和句中都用“and others”。 (4) 引用同样姓氏的不同作者 假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则应重复他们的姓氏，如：CMS author-dateLee and Lee (2007) reported(Lee and Lee 2007)（5） 引用团体作者 引用团体作者的作品，括号夹注中应使用团体的名称，如：CMS author-date It was apparent that the American health care system needed “to be fixed and perhaps radically modified” (World Health Organization 2009).N-Y（WHO 2009）（6） 引用报纸中的文献 应标注报纸出版时间:CMS author-date In a story on the front page of the Wall Street Journal (May 24, 2008), N-YIn a story on the front page of the Wall Street Journal (2008 May 24), 注意：CMS author-date报纸中的文章不列入参考文献(7) 引用书信、谈话中的观点或文字 书信和谈话（含电子邮件、访谈、电话等）无法在正文后面的参考文献中列出，但应该在正文中使用括号夹注的方法注明出处。例如：CMS author-date I had extended telephone conversation with the CEO of Clean-Up Environments, Judy Hawk, on November 11, 2005. In that conversation, Ms. HawkJudy Hawk, CEO of Clean-Up Environments, contends that mercury is the most threatening toxin in our landfills today (pers. Comm., Nov. 11, 2005) N-YI had extended telephone conversation with the CEO of Clean-Up Environments, Judy Hawk,on November 11, 2005. In that conversation, Ms. HawkJudy Hawk, CEO of Clean-Up Environments, contends that mercury is the most threatening toxin in our landfills today (telephone conversation with me on 2005 Nov. 11; unreferenced )(8) 引用同一作者的多篇文献 按时间顺序排列 CMS author-date （Winston 1999， 2003a， 2003b, 2005）Winston (1999， 2003a， 2003b, 2005) has always contended N-Y（Winston 1999， 2003a， 2003b, 2005）Winston (1999， 2003a， 2003b, 2005) has always contended (9) 同时引用不同作者的多篇文献 括号夹注可以包括不同作者的多篇文献，文献按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列（注意分号的使用），如： CMS author-dateSeveral studies done in the past two years suggest that the impact earthquakes could have on the Los Angeles area would be much more severe than had been traditionally thought (Agnew 2001; Becker and Zeno 2003; Smith, Jones, and Anderson 2003). N-YSeveral studies done in the past two years suggest that the impact earthquakes could have on the Los Angeles area would be much more severe than had been traditionally thought (Agnew 2001; Becker and Zeno 2003; Smith, Jones, and Anderson 2003).(10) 第一作者相同第二作者不同的多篇文献按第二作者的姓氏顺序排列（Green， Andrews， et al. 2006）（Green， Short， et al. 2003） N-Y（Green， Andrews，and others 2006）（Green， Short, and others 2003）(11) 引用非直接文献 论文应尽可能避免使用非直接文献（即二级文献secondary source），但在无法找到直接文献（即一级文献primary source）的情况下，引文从直接文献中析出，例如：CMS author-date (Zuckerman 1891) N-Y(Zuckerman 1891, cited in Green and Smith 2000)C-SIn a letter to Hertz, Zuckerman 12 (cited in 13) suggested that注意： 夹注中是一级文献，在正文后参考文献著录中需指出引言是直接引用的文字（quoted in）还是二级文献的解释（cited in ）, 参考文献著录应一级文献在前，二级文献在后，并标有“quoted in ”或“cited in”2. 参考文献著录的格式 参考文献著录References。本节仅提供部分著录实例，供参考。(1) 著录已出版的文章l 一位作者写的文章 CMS author-date Agnew, F.H. 2001. Earthquakes in Los Angeles. Journal of Earth Sciences 200(no. 2): 34-45.N-YAgnew FH. 2001. Earthquakes in Los Angeles. J of Earth Sci 200:34-45.C-SAgnew FH. Earthquakes in Los Angeles. J of Earth Sci 2001; 200:34-45.l 两位作者写的文章CMS author-date Brownell, H.H., and T. H. Potter. 1989. Inference deficits in right-brain damaged patients. Brain and Language 27: 310-21.N-YBrownell HH. Potter TH 1989. Inference deficits in right-brain damaged patients. Brain and Language 27:310-21.C-SBrownell HH, Potter TH. Inference deficits in right-brain damaged patients. Brain and Language 1989; 27:310-21.l 两位以上的作者写的文章CMS author-date Brownell, H H., W. A Thomas, and T. H. Potter. 1989. Inference deficits in right-brain damaged patients. Brain and Language 27: 310-21. N-YBrownell HH, Thomas WA, Potter T H. 1989. Inference deficits in right-brain damaged patients. Brain and Language 27: 310-21.C-S Brownell HH, Thomas WA, Potter T H. Inference deficits in right-brain damaged patients. Brain and Language 1989; 27: 310-21.l 收集在书籍中的文章CMS author-date Smith, E.F., W. A. Jones, and B. S. Anderson. 2003 A study of potential damage in Los Angeles. In Earthquakes, ed. G. L. Cookson, 35-56. San Francisco: Nevernever Press.N-YSmith EF, Jones WA, Anderson BS. 2003 A study of potential damage in Los Angeles. In: Cookson GL, editor. Earthquakes. Volume 2. San Francisco: Nevernever Pr. p 35-56.C-SSmith EF, Jones WA, Anderson BS. A study of potential damage in Los Angeles. In: Cookson GL, editor. Earthquakes reconsidered. Volume 2. San Francisco: Nevernever Pr; 2003. p 35-56.l 杂志中的文章CMS author-date Miller, W. D. 2003. Untangling the roots of cancer. Scientific American, July, 34-42注意：著录引用杂志中的文章应标明杂志的出版日期。l 报纸中的文章N-YMiller WD. 2003 Jul. Untangling the roots of cancer. Sci Am: 34-42C-SMiller WD. Untangling the roots of cancer. Sci Am 2003 Jul: 34-42l 政府文件 CMS author-date United States. 2000. Council on Disability. Promises to Keep: A Decade of Federal Enforcement of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Washington: GPO. N-YU S. 2000. Council on Disability. Promises to keep: A decade of federal enforcement of the Americans with disabilities act. Washington: GPO.C-SU S. Council on Disability. Promises to keep: A decade of federal enforcement of the Americans with disabilities act. Washington; 2000: GPO.（2） 著录已出版的书籍l 一位作者写的书籍CMS author-dateSmith, A. F. 2004. Manual of clinical psychopharcology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishers. N-YSmith AF. 2004. Manual of clinical psychopharcology. Washington: American Psychiatric Pub. 700 p.C-SSmith AF. Manual of clinical psychopharcology. Washington: American Psychiatric Pub; 2004. 700 p.l 新版书CMS author-dateErikson, E. 2002. Childhood and society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton.N-YSmith AF. 2004. Manual of clinical psychopharcology. 4th ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Pub. 700 p.C-SSmith AF. Manual of clinical psychopharcology. 4th ed.Washington: American Psychiatric Pub; 2004. 700 p.l 团体作者写的书籍CMS author-dateCollege Board. 1989. College-bound seniors:1989 SAT profile. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.N-YWHO World Health Organization. 2003. Cases definitions for surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Washington: WTO. 23 p C-SWorld Health Organization. Cases definitions for surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Washington: WTO; 2003. 23 p l 无作者书籍CMS author-dateGuidelines for the workload of college teacher. 1987. Urbana: National Council of Teachers.N-YAnonymous. 1987. Guidelines for the workload of college teacher. Urbana: National Council of Teachers. 230 pC-S Anonymous. Guidelines for the workload of college teacher. Urbana: National Council of Teachers; 1987. 230 pl 编撰的书籍CMS author-dateKerckhove, D., and J. L. Charles, eds. 1988. The alphabet and the brain: The lateralization of writing. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.N-YKerckhove D, Charles JL, editors. 1988. The alphabet and the brain: The lateralization of writing. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 120 pC-SKerckhove D, Charles JL, editors. The alphabet and the brain: The lateralization of writing. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1988. 120 pl 翻译的书籍CMS author-dateLacan, J. 1977. Ecrits: A selection. Trans. A. Sheridan. Hew York: Norton. Lacan, J. 1977. Ecrits: A selection. Trans. and ed. A. Sheridan. Hew York: Norton.注意, 翻译者的名和姓均不需要改变次序, 如翻译者和编者为同一人，则写为trans. and ed.。l 重版书CMS author-dateHurston, Z. 1987. Evolutionary ecology. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. l 文章和书为同一作者 CMS author-dateCould，S.J.1996.The bare bones of natural selection. In Full house: The spread of excellence from Plato to Darwin, 135-46. New York: Three Rivers Press.N-YCould SJ.1996.The bare bones of natural selection. New York: Three Rivers Pr. Full house: The spread of excellence from Plato to Darwin; p135-46.C-SCould SJ. The bare bones of natural selection. New York: Three Rivers Pr; 1996. Full house: The spread of excellence from Plato to Darwin; p135-46.l 文章和书为不同作者CMS author-dateDingle, H. 2001. The evolutionary ecology of movement. In Evolutionary ecology: Concepts and case studies, eds. C.W. Fox, D. A. Roff, and D. J. Fairbairn, 243-65. New York: Oxford University Press. N-YDingle, H. 2001. The evolutionary ecology of movement. In: Fox CW, Roff DA, Fairbairn DJ, editors. Evolutionary ecology: Concepts and case studies, New York: Oxford University Pr. p 243-65.C-SDingle, H. The evolutionary ecology of movement. In: Fox CW, Roff DA, Fairbairn DJ, editors. Evolutionary ecology: Concepts and case studies, New York: Oxford University Pr; 2001. p 243-65.l 文章在多卷本的书中CMS author-date Lightill, J. 1995. Fluid mechanics. In Twentieth century physics, ed. L. M. Brown, and B. Pippard, 134-156. Vol. 2 NewYork：American Institute of Physics Press.N-YLightill, J. 1995. Fluid mechanics. In: Brown LM, and Pippard B, editors. Twentieth century physics, Voume. 2 NewYork： Am Inst of Physics Pr. p 134-156.C-SLightill, J. Fluid mechanics. In: Brown LM, and Pippard B, editors. Twentieth century physics, Voume. 2 NewYork： Am Inst of Physics Pr; 1995. p 134-156.（3) 著录尚未正式出版的文献l 学术会议上的报告CMS author-dateMoffett, J. 1988. Censorship and spiritual education. The Right to Literacy Conference. Columbus, Ohio, September.l 研究报告CMS author-dateFlower, L. 1987. The Role of Task Representation in Reading to Write. Technical Report No. 6. Berkeley: Center for the Study of Writing at U of California, Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon U.（5） 著录汉语著作和文章 如果在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，相应的，参考文献著录的条目必须按作者姓氏汉语拼音的字母顺序与英文文献的条目一同排列。例如：CMS author-dateWen，Q.F. 2003. English learnerspath to success. Shanghai: Shanghai foreign Language Education Press. (6) 著录网络出版物著录网络出版物必须标明出版物的上传日期和论文撰写人上网查询的日期(date of retrieval)，标明网址。条目中网址如需断开换行，必须在“”之后或者“”前，网址中不得出现空格。l 网络期刊上的文章n 数据库：CMS author-dateBieich, E. 1998. From international ideas to domestic policies: Educationalmulticulturalism in England and France. Comparative Politics 31:46-58./n 网络期刊CMS author-dateBurka, L. P.A hypertext history of Multi-User Dimensions. MUD History. /talent/lpb/muddex/essay (accessed July 23, 2004).n 网络上的参考资料CMS author-date Th