人教版高一英语--直接引语与间接引语的转换.doc

语法专项直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语（direct speech）。引起引语的词称为引用动词（reporting verbs）。“I remember I had seen you.”I said.“I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.”“I know that.”replied Mrs. Green.二、间接引语当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语（indirect speech），也可称作引语结构（report structure）。Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。除了say, reply这类词外，还有很多动词可跟这种从句。He felt he had to do something.She guessed that he had gone to town.He thought she was worried.He explained that the train wasnt running.在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点：1引语前一般要用连词that。在个别动词后（如say, tell等）或在口语中可省略。He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.He says he cant wait another day.2要根据意思改变人称。“Ive got your letter,” she said. She said to him, “Your pronunciation is better than mine.” 3引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。Kitty said,“Ill call again after supper.”Kitty promised that she call again after supper.Mary said,“Im beginning to sleep better.”Mary said that she beginning to sleep better.Nancy said,“We ve got two first places in the sports meet.”Nancy said that they got two first places in the sports meet.过去时若有表示具体年份的状语，则不必改变。“I was born in 1980.”Julia said.Julia said that she was born in 1980.4指示代词、地点及时间状语等，也需作必要的更动。She said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said (that) she would go again .He said,“I arrived yesterday morning.”He said (that) hed arrived the morning before.She said,“My sister will be back tomorrow evening.”She said (that) her sister would be back the following evening.一般说来，here 常改为there，today 改为that day。这类改变大致可用下表表示： 在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词this (place)these (places)that (place)those (places)时间状语nowtoday, tonightthis week (month, etc)yesterdaylast week (month)two days (a year, etc) agotomorrownext week (month, etc.)thenthat day, that nightthat week (month, etc.)the day before, the previous daythe week (month, etc.) beforetwo days (a year,etc.) before (earlier)the next (following ) daythe next (following) week (month,etc.)表地点的词here there动词come, bring go , take动词时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去将来时三、几种句子的间接引语1陈述句和感叹句的间接引语一般都要变成以that 引导的宾语从句，口语中that可省略，引述动词用say, tell等。感叹号变成句号。He said:“Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that .She said:“He will be very busy.”She said .He often says,“What a great country China is!”He often remarks with admiration (that ) China is such a great country.2疑问句的间接引语（1）一般疑问句后连接代词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时用whether，引述动词用ask，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。She said to Tom,“Can you help me ?”She asked Tom if / whether he could help her.She asked,“Is this book yours or his?” .（2）引述特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词做连接词，疑问语序改为陈述语序。The teacher asked,“How did you repair it ?”The teacher asked me .3祈使句的间接引语采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，即ask / tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.ask sb. (not) to do sth.（表示客气）tell sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性强于上面）order sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性最强）注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please去掉，动词改为ask/tell/order等。The teacher said to the students,“Dont waste your time.”The teacher told the students .Mother said,“Tom, get up early, please.”Mother asked Tom .4直接引语变间接引语的特殊情况（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）当强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时（如改变可能引起误会），可以保持原时态。She said ,“Ill be back tonight.”She said that she will be back tonight.她说她今晚回来。（这可能是午后的话）（3）直接引语中凡有when, since引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，从句的过去时态不变。He said, “I have studied English since I was at the age of five.”He said he had studied English since （4）当直接引语是虚拟语气时，保持原时态不变。“Its time we began planning our holidays.”he said.He said that it was time they began planning their holidays.“We wish we didnt have to take exams.”said the children.The children said they wished they didnt have to take exams.（5）当直接引语中含有情态动词时，动词不变。“You should be back by six.”she said.She said I should be back by six.【经典例题】I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how2. Joyce, please dont open the window. Pardon? I _ open the window. A. tell you dont B. tell you not to C. told you didnt D. told you not to3. He _ they didnt start early they wouldnt catch the first bus. A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether4. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay 5. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 6. The doctor asked me what _ with me. A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was 7. He asked the boy where _. A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother8. They said at last that they _ better start out at once. A. had had B. had C. had been D. was 9. The teacher said that doubt _ the key of knowledge. A. were B. are C. was D. is10. The actor said he _ born in 1984. A. was B. is C. be D. had beenII. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语，间接引语变为直接引语。1. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea?” Mr. Stone _.2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.” The nurse _.3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.” My uncle _.4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea?” John asked Mary _.5. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The teach