虚拟语气之状语从句、宾语从句篇.doc

虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。应用条件在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。判断下列的句子哪些是真实条件句，哪些是非真实条件句If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.If I were you, I would go at once.If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.If you had taken the medicine, you would have felt better now.用法点拨If引导的非真实条件句条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与过去事实相反过去完成时had +过去分词would/should /could/might+ have +过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时were, didwould/should/could/might+ 动词原形与将来事实相反 一般过去时were, did were to + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形would/should/could/might+ 动词原形即时演练用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。1. If her lawyer _(be)there last Sunday, he_ (prevent) her from going.2. If it_ (not be) for the heavy fog, you_ (see) the beautiful tower in the distance easily last Tuesday.3. If the earth_ (have) gravity, the moon_ (fly) to the sun.4. If everyone in the country _ (buy) one soft drink each day and _ (throw) it away, there would soon be a huge mountain of rubbish.5. If you _ (take) my advice then, you_ (not be) in difficulty.6. If he _ (come) here tomorrow, I _ (talk) to him.拓展1、当从句谓语动词中有should/were/had时，可将if省略，而将should/were/had放在句首，构成倒装。考例（1）Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.(2012山东)A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had（2）_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006年湖北) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be2、当主句和从句所指的时间不一致，主语从句的谓语需根据实际时间概念确定，形成混合虚拟语气。考例Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying3、非真实条件句中的if条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without., but for等,那么主句的谓语动词也常用虚拟语气。考例（1）I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.(2011陕西)A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone（2）But for their help, we _ the program in time.(2009安徽)A. can not finish B. will not finish Chad not finished D. could not have finished二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1、在wish后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词有三种表达形式： 与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时； 与过去愿望不一致 主语had过去分词； 与未来愿望不一致 主语would/could/might动词原形。 I wish I were you. I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states. I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.（How I wish）2、would rather引导的句子也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用一般过去时，如： Id rather you posted the letter right away. Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.即时演练一、选择。1George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture. （2010江苏） A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused2. - Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. - I wish they _ always late. （2011北京卷） A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt3. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002上海) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had二、用虚拟语气改写下列句子。1He will come here tomorrow. But in fact, I dont want him to come here. I would rather he _ here tomorrow.2I did not know the answer to the question at that time. I wish I _ the answer to the question at that time.巩固If you were the headmaster（校长）of the school, what measures would you take to make a difference? 1、Organize your measures and write a campaign speech (竞选演说稿）- “If I Were the headmaster”. 2、Get ready for speaking.Please prepare your campaign speech in this way: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Im honored here to give you a speech. First of all, Im sure I have all the qualities a headmaster needs. Im proud Im the very person. How I wish I were the headmaster! If I were the headmaster, I would Use as many sentences as possible with the following two structures. (1) Ifdid/ were, would/ should/ could/ might.(2)I wish (that) (3) I would rather 附：一、2012广东省深圳市高三第一次调研英语试题(2012深圳一模)读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）阅读下面微博上的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Hi, everyone. This is Jane. I have a problem and dont know what to do. So I need your help!This morning I was ready to review my lessons with my computer in my dormitory, and then Mary, my roommate and best friend, came back with a laptop. She wanted to use my connector, and I did as she asked.After a while, she took away my headset and opened her laptop. Afterwards she connected to the Internet with my connector. Then something unexpected happened. She used the audio player with the loudspeaker. She entered her QQ Zone and started using the video system to chat with my microphone. Sounds of music, QQ and their talking became louder and louder. She completely ignored that I was there reviewing my lessons.I could not bear that, so I asked her to be quiet a little, but I failed. At last I had to go away to the classroom. On the way I became more and more angry because she was using my things, but never thought about my feeling. She drove me out. I am very sad. Am I her friend? Should I stop our friendship?写作内容1以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2以约120个词发表你的看法，内容包括：(1)你对Mary行为的看法，并说明理由；(2)假如你是Jane，你会如何处理这件事；(3)以你的经历谈谈你和朋友相处的体会。写作要求1作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。评分标准概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。二、2009年广东省高考英语试题读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala（考拉）at the Featherdale Wildlife Park in southern Australia. All the koalas there are unhappy and complaining. You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it off. Thats rightsleep it off. The average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy. The reason Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is so they can be hugged and photogr