Debian Linux以光盘为apt源安装软件包(linux系统).doc

中国Unix/Linux软件开发联盟 Debian Linux以光盘为apt源安装软件包（linux系统）linux软件开发 debian下以光盘为apt源安装软件包分类： LinuxUnix 2007-07-24 15:12 5361人阅读 评论 (0) 收藏 举报在debian下，用apt方式安装软件除了可以以网络上的资源为源之外，还可以使用本地的资源。下面我就以安装GCC的过程为例，说一下整个过程。平台：debian 4.0 图形界面资源：CD一张 debian-40r0-i386-CD-1.iso刻录的0，增加光盘源使用命令#apt-cdrom add系统会提示将你要添加为源的光盘放入光驱然后enter继续，就自动添加好了1，查看源列表debian - dk: # vim / etc / apt / sources.listdeb cdrom:Debian GNU / Linux 4.0 r0 _Etch_ - Official i386 CD Binary - 1 20070407 - 11 : 55 / etch contrib main2，安装gccdebian - dk: # apt - get install gcc正在读取软件包列表. 完成正在分析软件包的依赖关系树. 完成将会安装下列额外的软件包： gcc - 4.1 libssp0建议安装的软件包： manpages - dev autoconf automake1. 9 libtool flex bison gcc - doc gcc - 4.1 - doc gcc - 4.1 - locales libc6 - dev - amd64 lib64gcc1 lib64ssp0推荐安装的软件包： libc6 - dev libc - dev libmudflap0 - dev下列【新】软件包将被安装： gcc gcc - 4.1 libssp0共升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 3 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 0 个软件未被升级 。需要下载 0B / 470kB 的软件包。解压缩后会消耗掉 1401kB 的额外空间。您希望继续执行吗？Y / ny选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 libssp0。(正在读取数据库 . 系统当前总共安装有 52968 个文件和目录。)正在解压缩 libssp0 (从 . / libssp0_4. 1.1 - 21_i386.deb) .选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 gcc - 4.1 。正在解压缩 gcc - 4.1 (从 . / gcc - 4 .1_4. 1.1 - 21_i386.deb) .选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 gcc。正在解压缩 gcc (从 . / gcc_4. 1.1 - 15_i386.deb) .正在设置 libssp0 ( 4.1 . 1 - 21 ) .正在设置 gcc - 4.1 ( 4.1 . 1 - 21 ) .正在设置 gcc ( 4.1 . 1 - 15 ) .3，查看gcc信息，看是否安装好debian - dk: # man gccNo manual entry for gccSee man 7 undocumented for help when manual pages are not available.debian - dk: # lsdebian - dk: # find - name gccdebian - dk: # gcc - helpUsage: gcc options file.Options:- pass - exit - codes Exit with highest error code from a phase- help Display this information- target - help Display target specific command line options (Use -v -help to display command lineoptions of sub - processes)- dumpspecs Display all of the built in spec strings- dumpversion Display the version of the compiler- dumpmachine Display the compiler s target processor- print - search - dirs Display the directories in the compiler s search path- print - libgcc - file - name Display the name of the compiler s companion library- print - file - name = Display the full path to library - print - prog - name = Display the full path to compiler component - print - multi - directory Display the root directory for versions of libgcc- print - multi - lib Display the mapping between command line optionsand multiple library search directories- print - multi - os - directory Display the relative path to OS libraries- Wa, Pass comma - separated on to the assembler- Wp, Pass comma - separated on to the preprocessor- Wl, Pass comma - separated on to the linker- Xassembler Pass on to the assembler- Xpreprocessor Pass on tothe preprocessor- Xlinker Pass on to the linker- combine Pass multiple source files to compiler at once- save - temps Do not delete intermediate files- pipe Use pipes rather than intermediate files- time Time the execution of each subprocess- specs = Override built - in specs with the contents of - std = Assume that the input sources are for - sysroot = Use as the root directory for headersfor headers and libraries- B Add to the compiler s search paths- b Run gcc for target , if installed- V Run gcc version number , if installed- v Display the programs invoked by the compiler- # Like - v but options quoted and commands not executed- E Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link- S Compile only; do not assemble or link- c Compile and assemble, but do not link- o Place the output into - x Specify the language of the following input files Permissible languages include: c c + assembler none none means revert to the default behavior of guessing the language based on the file s extensionOptions starting with - g, - f, - m, - O, - W, or - param are automatically passed on to the various sub - processesinvoked by gcc. In order to pass other options on to these processes the - W options must be used.For bug reporting instructions, please see:.For Debian GNU / Linux specific bug reporting instructions, please see:图 .4，ok，写个helloworld试试gccdebian - dk: # lsdebian - dk: # vim hello.cdebian - dk: # gcc - o hello hello.chello.c: 1 : 19 : error: stdio.h: 没有那个文件或目录hello.c: In function main:hello.c: 4 : warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built - in function printf出问题了，找不到stdio.h，那是因为没装库，装上libc6-dev就行了，往下走5，安装libc库debian - dk: # apt - get install libc - dev正在读取软件包列表. 完成正在分析软件包的依赖关系树. 完成注意，我选了 libc6 - dev 而非 libc - dev将会安装下列额外的软件包： libc6 - dev linux - kernel - headers建议安装的软件包： glibc - doc manpages - dev下列【新】软件包将被安装： libc6 - dev linux - kernel - headers共升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 2 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 0 个软件未被升级。需要下载 0B / 4591kB 的软件包。解压缩后会消耗掉 22 .2MB 的额外空间。您希望继续执行吗？Y / ny选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 linux - kernel - headers。(正在读取数据库 . 系统当前总共安装有 53056 个文件和目录。)正在解压缩 linux - kernel - headers (从. / linux - kernel - headers_2. 6.18 - 7_i386.deb) .选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 libc6 - dev。正在解压缩 libc6 - dev (从 . / libc6 - dev_2. 3.6 .ds1 - 13_i386.deb) .正在设置 linux - kernel - headers ( 2.6 . 18 - 7 ) .正在设置 libc6 - dev ( 2.3 . 6 .ds1 - 13 ) .6，ok装好了，再来看看hellow