福师《大学英语(2)》第八课课堂笔记.doc

奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 1. In this case, the addiction is for work, career, or a belief that they are the only one who can do the job right. 这里的狂热是对工作和事业的狂热，或者相信自己是“唯一能做这份工作的人”。 这句话中“belief”后是“that”引导的同位语从句，“the only one”后是“who”引导的定语从句。 “in this case”在句中的意思是“在这种情况下，这样的话”，与“so”和“thus”的意义相似。 I plan to go on vacation in Hawaii next week. In this case, I cannot meet you here. 我计划下周去夏威夷度假。这样的话，我们就不能在这里见面了。 Professor Lee has cancelled his class on Friday. In this case, we can go to museum that day. 李教授取消了周五的课。这样的话，我们那天就能去博物馆了。 in . case还有很多常见的搭配和用法，例如：in any case无论如何， 总之 in ones case就某人而言(just) in case ( .)因为可能发生某事， 以防万一， 万一in case of sth若发生某事， 假如in no case在任何情形下决不， 无论如何都不 in that case既然那样， 假若是那样的话in some/many/most, etc. cases在某些/很多/大多数情况下 He is so determined that in any case, he is going to take the flight trial alone. 他决心已定，无论如何都要独自试飞。 Leaving home to live independently is not easy, but in our case it has been helpful. 离开家独立生活并不容易，但对我们来说却受益匪浅。 It may rain youd better take your raincoat with you (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨你最好带上雨衣, 以防万一（下起来）。 Please remember to ring the alarm bell first in case of fire. 如遇火灾请记得先按警铃。 In no case can we betray our motherland. 在任何情况下我们都不能背叛自己的祖国。 You are always complaining about your job! In that case, why dont you quit? 你总在抱怨你的工作！既然那样，你干吗不辞职呢？ In most cases, women tend to be more sensitive than men. 在大多数情况下，女性都比男性敏感。 2. Many people would not label themselves a workaholic. 很多人都不把自己归为工作狂。 这句话中“label”用作动词，意思是“给贴上标签，将归类”。这里用到了短语“label sb. as sb./sth.”，其中介词“as”可省去。 He was labeled (as) a troublemaker by his colleagues. 他的同事们都把他归为挑起事端的那一类人。 Marys neighbor has labeled her (as) an influential mother in the community. 玛丽的邻居都认为她是社区内极具影响力的母亲。 “label”作为动词的其他用法还有：label sth. sth./label sth. with sth.给贴上（标签等） The product is labeled Made in China. 这个产品上贴着“中国制造”的标签。 All the products are labeled with comprehensive instructions. 所有的产品上都贴有详细的使用说明。 “label”作为名词有两个主要的含义： 标签，标记； 称号，绰号，外号。 I read the information on the label before deciding which yogurt to buy. 我先看酸奶标签上的说明，再决定买哪种。 They stuck a label Hello Kitty on the newcomer in the office. 他们给办公室新来的人取了个外号叫“凯蒂猫”。 3. You have no social life other than work-related events. 除了与工作相关的事情，你就没有社交生活了。 这句话中“other than”的意思是“不同于，除之外”。其含义与“except”或“but”相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分后接名词、代词或不定式。 In that case there is nothing you can do other than wait. 在那种情况下，除了等待，你别无办法。 She has no close friends other than him. 她除了他以外没有好朋友。 She seldom appears other than happy. 她看起来总是很幸福。 He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。 【辨析】：other than和rather than“rather than”意为“而不是”；“other than”意为“不同于，除之外”。 In no city other than London, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 据说除了在伦敦，一个人不可能在一天内经历四季。 In my eyes, my mother is like my best friend rather than a strict teacher. 在我的眼中，妈妈更像是我最好的朋友，而不是严厉的老师。 这里将常见的含有than的结构总结如下：no more than(=only)只，仅仅，只不过是（后面接名词或数词，在句中起形容词作用） no more . than (= not . any more than) 和一样不 no better than(=practically the same as)和一样，实际上等于no less . than和一样，不逊于（其中的than前后都是肯定的意思）no less than(=as many as, as much as)多达，竟有之多，不下于 The street is no more than two miles long. 这条大街只有两英里长。 My elder brother is no more a singer than I am. 我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。 A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind. 不识字的人跟瞎子没什么两样。 This person is no less diligent than he used to be. 这个人和从前一样勤奋。 The bank pays him a yearly salary of no less than 90,000. 银行给他的年薪竟高达9万。 4. If your life is consumed by work, then chances are that youre a workaholic or on your way to becoming one. 如果你的生活被工作占据着，那么你很有可能是工作狂或者马上就要成为一个工作狂了。 “(the) chances are”是口语的用法，相当于“it is likely (that) .”，表示“很有可能”。 Chances are (that) theyll be late anyway. 看起来，他们可能要迟到了。 Chances are that man will eventually land on Mars. 人类最终很可能将登陆火星。 【注意】：“(the) chances are”的语气和可能性都比“maybe”和“its possible that .”要强。 与“chance”的相关用法还有： as chance would have it凑巧， 碰巧 by any chance或许， 可能 by chance偶然地， 意外地， 非有意地 chance would be a fine thing愿做某事但永远没有机会去做 give sb./sth. half a chance给某人或某物一些机会去成为或去做某事物 no chance没有可能， 没有希望take chances 冒险 take a chance (on sth.) 试图做成某事（虽然有失败的可能性）， 冒险， 碰运气 stand a chance (of sth./of doing sth.) 有完成某事的希望， 有达到某目的的机会 5. If pursuing a short-term financial goal is more important than assuring a long-term relationship with your spouse and children, you need to rethink your priorities. 如果追求短期的经济目标比确保和配偶及孩子的长期关系更重要，你就需要重新思考你的重点了。 在“if”引导的条件句中，动名词短语“pursuing a short-term financial goal”作主语，与另外一个动名词短语“assuring a long-term relationship with your spouse and children”来做比较。“short-term”和“long-term”作定语，分别修饰“goal”和“relationship”，意为“短期的”和“长期的”。 After the car accident, he suffered short-term memory loss. 车祸后，他出现了短暂失忆的症状。 The government is launching a training program to help the long-term unemployed. 政府正在推出一项培训计划，以帮助长期失业的人们。 类似的用法还有“medium-term” （中期的），有时也写作“mid-term”。 The medium-term goal of the company is to cover the market of northeast China. 公司的中期目标是占有中国东北市场。 而短语“in the short term”和“in the long term”常在句中作状语，表示“从短期（长期）看”。 In the short term, your English cannot be improved a lot simply by listening to news; but in the long term, you will benefit greatly from doing so. 从短期看，光听新闻不会对提高你的英语水平有太大帮助；但从长远看，你会从中受益匪浅。 6. It will take some effort on your part and perhaps the part of a friend or spouse to make the shift from a sole focus on work, but for your mental and physical well-being, you really should make the effort. 对你而言也许还包括你的朋友和配偶需要一些努力，把自己从工作这一唯一的重心上转移开来，但是为了你的身体和精神健康，你必须做些努力。 这句话用到了“it will take (takes) (sb.) . to do sth.”句型，意思是“花（时间、精力）做”。 It took us several days to revise the marketing plan for the new product. 我们花了几天的时间来修改新产品的市场销售计划。 It will take a lot of time and effort to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语要花很多时间和精力。 句中短语“make the effort (to do sth.)”的意思是“努力做”，类似的用法还有“make an/every/no effort (to do sth.)”。 He made the effort to say something funny so as to let her forget the bad news. 他努力讲些有趣的事，好让她忘掉那个坏消息。 I know you dont like your snobbish uncle, but please make an effort to be polite. 我知道你不喜欢有点势利的叔叔，但对他也要尽量礼貌一点。 As a shop assistant, Betty always makes every effort to satisfy her customers wishes. 作为一名售货员，贝蒂总是尽一切努力满足顾客的愿望。 They made no effort to include us in the competition. 他们没费什么劲就让我们参加了比赛。 与“effort”相关的短语还有： spare no effort不遗余力 be (well) worth the effort值得努力 with/without effort费力/不费力 7. No matter how hard I work, I will never be indispensable to any corporation, committee, or employer. 不论我多努力工作，我绝不是任何公司、委员会或雇主所不可缺少的。 “no matter”在这句话中表示“无论，不管”的意思，其用法可归纳如下。 （1）“no matter”可独立成句，也可在句中担当成分，意为“无关紧要”。 No matter if they do not take this factor into consideration. 如果他们不考虑这个因素，那无关紧要。 I had something to say, but its no matter. 我本来有句话要说，但不是很重要。 （2）“no matter”在“it”作形式主语、真正主语位于句末的句子中作表语，意为“没关系，不重要”。 It is no matter that he didnt phone. 他没打电话没关系。 Its no matter whether you get there early or late. 不论你到那里早或晚都无关紧要。 （3）“no matter”与疑问词“who”、“what”、 “where”、 “when”、 “how”、 “if”、 “whether”等连用，意为“无论，不管”。 Dont open the door, no matter who comes. 不管谁来都别开门。 No matter whether it is light or dark at that hour, weve decided to leave at five oclock in the morning. 不管到时候是否天亮，我们都已决定早晨5点离开。 【注意】： 有时，“no matter what”、“no matter who”和“no matter when”等可用于句末或句中。 有时，在“no matter what”引出的从句中要省略谓语动词。 We have to get to the airport on time, no matter what. 我们无论如何也要准时赶到机场。 No matter what the excuse, you must not be late. 不管有什么借口，你一定不要迟到。 8. If I didnt start taking care of myself, I wouldnt be there for them or my employer. If I didnt find a balance, I wouldnt have a family! 如果我不开始照顾我自己，我就不会为他们或者我的老板存在了。如果我找不到平衡，那我连家都没有了！ 这两句话中都用虚拟语气来表示与现在事实相反的情况，其中if引导的条件状语从句中谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用“would/should/could/might +动词原形”。 If places were all alike, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 If I knew the meaning of the word, I wouldnt have to look it up in the dictionary. 如果我知道这个词的意义，就不必查词典了。 另外，这两句话运用了排比（parallelism）的修辞手法，使语言更加有力，行文更加流畅。在英语中，排比的形式有很多，可以是词之间的排比、短语之间的排比或从句之间的排比，也可以是句子和句子之间的排比。 He will never forget those romantic, joyous and glorious days in his high school