跨文化交际期末考试题.doc

跨文化交际期末考试题. Define the following items.1. context ：P49 2. noise: P543. intercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.4. individualism: P995. collectivism: P996. high-context culture ：P110 a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. 7. low-context culture ：P110 a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code. 8. verbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language9. nonverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver. II.Answerthefollowingquestions(简答题)1. What is the culture, and what are the characteristics of the culture? P45what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them.2. Whats the relationship between culture and language?Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associated with the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.3. How do Japanese people refuse? P1354. How do Chinese and western people respond to others compliment? P1625. What kinds of nonverbal communication are often used in our daily communication? P1916. What are the functions of the nonverbal communication? P2187.WhatarethedifferencesonreceivinggiftsbetweenChineseandwesterner?IntheWest,itisregardedaspolitetoopengiftsassoonastheyaregiventoexpressappreciation.InChina,thesituationisquitethereverse.NormallyweChinesefeelthatifyouopenthegiftassoonasitisgiven,youmightembarrassthepersonwhogivesthegiftandyoumightbethoughtgreedy.Therefore,Chinesepeopletendtoopenthegiftsafterthevisitorshaveleft.InChina,manypeoplesendgiftswithoutwrappingthem,andiftheywrapthem,theyusuallytellthereceiverwhatisinside,andthereceiverwillthankthesenderandputthegiftasidewithoutunwrappingthemsincetheyalreadyknowwhatis inside.Englishreceiversopenthegiftsinfrontofthesendersofthegifts.8.DescribethedifferentwaysinshowinghospitalitybetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture.Chineseguestsalwaysrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodtodemonstratepolitenessinseemingnottowishtoputtheirhosttoanytrouble.Sometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesayno,weusuallywaitforthesecondandthirdoffer.Ifthehostjustbringsthe foodordrinkandignoresno,weillacceptit.Chineseliketopresstheirgueststodrinkoreattoshowtheirhospitality.Whilewesternersalwaysacceptorrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodverygenuinely.Theirrefusalisacceptedasgenuine.Westernersdonttopress.Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassments.III. CaseAnalysis(Youarerequiredtostateculturalphenomenonineachcase)Case1LiLanhadanAmericanfriendSusan.TheyusuallyhadlunchtogetherandLiLanoftenaskedSusanforadviceonproblemsshefacedadjustingtoAmericansociety.SusangaveLiLanalotofadviceandhelpedhertoimproveherEnglish.OnceLiLanneededurgently abigsumofmoneytopayhertuitionfee.SinceshehasnootherfriendsintheStates,sheturnedtoSusanforhelpandpromisedthatshewouldreturnthemoneysoon.ToLiLansgreatdisappointment,thistimeSusandidntseemhappytolendthemoneytoher.ThoughLiLanreturnedthemoneyasshepromised,theydidntgetalongwellfromthenon.Question:WhydidLiLanfeelunpleasant?LiLanaskedtoborrowmoney fromherAmericanfriendSusan,whichisrarelypartofWesternfriendship.LiLanandSusanhavedifferentexpectationsoffriendship.IntheWest,peopleprefertobeindependentandequalratherthandependent,sotheydontfeelcomfortableinarelationshipinwhichonepersongivesmoreandtheotherpersonisdependentonwhatisgiven.Amongfriendstheymostlyprovideemotionalsupporttoeachotherandspendtimetogether,sotheyrarelyborroworlendmoneytoeachother.Theywouldaskforaloanfromthebankratherthanfromtheirfriends.WhileinChina,peopleexpecttheirfriendstobeloyaltoeachother,andtheyeventakerisksfortheirfriends.Sotheywouldgivenotonlyemotionalsupportt