外文翻译=港口起重机=3600字符-外文文献

Portal power Chinas rapid economic growth in the past decade has resulted in a big increase in freight traffic through the countrys seaports . Old ports are being expanded and new ports built to handle the large growth in container and bulk cargo traffic all along the Chinese coastline. Chinas port expansion programme has provided a strong boost to the domestic port equipment industry, which has enjoyed a strong increase in demand for port cranes of various types, including container cranes and portal cranes along with bulk cargo handling equipment. State-run China Harbour Engineering (group) Corporation Ltd, established under the ruling State Council, is Chinas largest supplier of port cranes and bulk cargo handling equipment. The organization controls both Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co Ltd (ZPMC),the worlds largest manufacturer of quayside container cranes, and Shanghai Port Machinery Plant (SPMP), which specializes in the manufacturer of portal cranes and other cranes used in ports along with dry bulk cargo handling equipment. SPMPs main market is China, although the company is looking to expand its overseas sales. Although less well known than its associate ZPMC, SPMP also operates large manufacturing facilities, and is due to move part of its production shortly to Changxing Island near Shanghai where ZPMC already operates a large container crane fabrication plant. Portal and other harbour cranes are SPMPs major production item. During the past two years, the corporation has won contracts for 145 portal cranes from port authorities throughout China, both from new ports under construction and ports undergoing expansion. In recent years, SPMP has also supplied portal cranes to the United States, Iraq,and Myanmar.The port Rangoon of Myanmar in has purchased a 47m,40t portal crane while BIW of the United States has purchased three cranes-15t,150t, and 300t portal cranes. Elsewhere, SPMP has supplied 12 portal cranes to several ports in Iraq since the end of the Saddam regime. In China, SPMPs recent major orders for portal cranes include eight 40t, 45m radius cranes for Tianjin Overseas Mineral Terminal, while Yan Tai Port Bureau in Guangdong in southern China has purchased six 40t, 45m radius cranes. Other large orders include seven 10t, 25m radius cranes for Zhenjiang Port Group and an order of 1025t, 33m radius cranes from Fangcheng Port Bureau, while the Yingkou Port Group has ordered 1325t,35m radius cranes along with two 40t, 44m radius port cranes. MANY CRANES BUILT TO ORDER SPMP also supplies other cranes used in ports and harbours, many of which are built to order for clients. Quayside container cranes have been supplied to a number of foreign clients including Bangkok Port in Thailand, Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan, and Port of Vancouver in Canada. In China, SPMP has supplied quayside container cranes to Shanghai Port, Tianjin Port, Yin Kou Port, Yan Tai Port and others. The company also supplies rubber-tyred container gantry cranes to domestic and overseas clients. Customers for other cranes used in ports include Guangzhou Port in Guangdong, which purchased a 25t floating crane while Zhonggang Port has bought two double trolley 125/63t gantry cranes, along with a700t overhead crane, In 2003 Zhonggang Port awarded a contract to SPMP for a 2,600t floating crane, whichi is the largest crane the company has made in recent years. Other customers include Zhongyuan Nanytong Shipyard of Jiangsu Province has purchased two 300t goliath cranes for use in its shipyard, while Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard uses two of SPMPs 600t goliath cranes for its shipbuilding operations. SPMP has two factories. The Shanghai plant employs 2,000 workers while a factory in Jiangsu Province employs 1,500 workers. The combined total of 3,500 workers includes 800 technical and management staff involved in designing, developing, and building portal and other cranes along with dry bulk cargo loading and unloading equipment. Currently, SPMP is preparing to vacate its Shanghai factory site as the companys existing plot of land is part of a riverside area earmarked by the Shanghai Expo in 2010. SPMPs Shanghai factory will close at the end of 2006, and move to a new site on nearby Changxing Island. “The new factory will be much bigger than the present plant,” Li said. “Phase 1 will be ready for us when we move at the end of 2006.” In addition to moving the Shanghai factory to a new site, SPMP expects future business operation with ZPMC. Officials at China Harbour Engineering (Group) Corporation are understood to have told SPMP of plants for SPMP and ZPMC to co-operate more in bidding for projects in future. Both companies are expected to retain their individual manufacturing capability, however, with precise details of future co-operation still some way from being finalised. Meanwhile, SPMP associate company ZPMC is strengthening its position as the worlds largest manufacturer of ship-to-shore container cranes, supplying slightly more than half the annual international container crane market. In addition to operating four crane production complexes for its crane manufacturing and other businesses. ZPMCs full range of products includes quayside container cranes, rubber-tyred gantry cranes, bulk material ship loaders and unloaders, bucket-wheel stackers and reclaimers, portal cranes, floating cranes, and engineering vessels. The company has also diversified into manufacturing other large steel structures including large steel bridges. ZPMC EXPANDING PRODUCTION ZPMCs cranes and other products are in use at over 150 shipping terminals in 37 countries and regions worldwide. By the end of December 2005, ZPMC had supplied 705 quayside container cranes, and had orders in hand to deliver another 128 quayside container cranes in 2006. In addition, at the end of 2005 ZPMC had delivered 1,148 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers worldwide and had orders in hand to deliver 308 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers in 2006. ZPMC is expanding production facilities in expectation that the volume of orders will grow in future. The company owns four crane production complexes in Shanghai and the surrounding area at Jiangyin, Changzhou, Zhangjiang and Changxing Island. The Changxing production site, which was completed in 2001, covers one million sq m, and has a 3.5km coastline. The facility is capable of manufacturing 160 quayside ship-to-shore container cranes each year along with 300 rubber-tyred gantry cranes and 200,000 metric tons of large steel bridge structures. Plans call for a futher 3 million sq m of land to be reclaimed at Changxing, which ZPMC will develop to become its largest production centre. Korea looks inward In a fragmented global port crane industry, Korean manufacturers are being forced to look for more business in their domestic markets South Koreas container crane and port crane equipment manufacturing industry has become more focused on the domestic market in recent years as manufacturers have faced tough price competition from ZPMC of China in major foreign markets. The problem is the same as that faced by other port crane manufacturers around the world, none of which account for more than about an 8% share of the world container crane market. As well as ZPMC, competition from European and Japanese equipment suppliers is also strong, both for quayside container cranes and for rubber-tyred gantry crane contracts. While South Korean firms-including Hyundai Heavy Industries, Samsung Heavy Industries, Doosan Heavy Industries, and Hanjin Heavy Industries continue to bid for international contracts, winning large orders has become increasingly rare. Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co Ltd is believed to be the only South Korean port crane maker to have won a large container crane contract during the past few years, with most orders booker by Korean manufacturers being for less than 10 crane units. Doosan recently completed delivery of a 42-unit rubber-tyred gantry crane (RTGC) order to the Port of Singapore Authority PSN that was awarded in 2004. Including a recent contract. Doosan has received orders to supply the Port of Singapore with a total of 120 RTGCs since 1997. The recent batch of RTGCs is designed for increased safety. Esch of the RTGCs is fitted with 16 wheels instead of the usual eight. “We have supplied container cranes locally and overseas. Most projects are one or two units, but Singapore has been 120 units,” commented a source in Doosan Heavy Industries material handling equipment division. “Container cranes can lift one or two containers depending on the client, but the twin spreader design is normal now. Our biggest contract before was with Pusan Port for over 10 container cranes.” BUILDING POWER PLANTS Doosan Heavy Industries major activities include the design and construction of power plants. Apart from supplying protection equipment, Doosan also manufactures turbines and generator sets. Doosan has a large castings and forging division. Other major activities include the construction of desalination plants in the Middle East. Container port handling equipment is produced by Doosans material handling equipment division, which supplies coal handling equipment and bulk cargo handling facilities for other industries. Port of Singapore Authority is the largest customer for RTGCs. Other recent clients include Southern Gateway Terminals in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and Korea Express in the Port of Pusan. Doosan also supplies ship to shore container cranes. Recent quayside gantry crane clients include Jakarta Container Terminal in Indonesia, Jawaharlal Nehru Port near Mumbai in India, and Frazer Terminal in Vancouver. “Prospects for our port crane sales are not bright. ZPMC is dominating the world market due to price,” the source commented. “We are looking for projects not invoving ZPMC as they are not concerned with all projects. We got contracts in Singapore in 2004 and 2005. We had no success anywhere else, but we are still bidding on various tenders.” Doosan is expected to be one of the bidders for container cranes to be installed in South Koreas planned Kwangyang Bay Port expansion. The companys R&D division is involved developing new automated controls that will be required for quayside container cranes installed in the port expansion. “Container cranes are well developed in technical terms. There is nothing else to develop except for automation,” the source said. “We are developing more automated controls, but the new features are not commercialized yet. Our government has a plan for Kwangyang Bay 3-2 terminal project, which they announced will be developed as an automated terminal. We have to adapt to this. The tender has been postponed for about six years. We expect the project will be tendered again in 2007 or 2008.” South Koreas other container crane manufacturers also are expected to bid for the Kwangyang Bay project, which is likely to be awarded to a local supplier. Hyundal Samho Heavy Industries will be among the bidders having recently commissioned five automated rail mounted gantry cranes (RMGCs) also known as automated transfer cranes at Pusan East Container Terminal (PECT) . The terminal has become the first terminal in Korea to install automated cranes, which are in service at new berths four and five . The cranes stack nine-wide between a 28.5m rail gauge, and have dual cantilevers covering two road lanes . Stack height is 1 over 6 by 9ft 6in high and operational speeds are 150m/min for the gantry , 120m/min for the trolley and 75-80m/min for the empty hoist . Among other recent orders that Hyundai has won is a contract for four quayside container cranes from Hutchison Port Holdings and one for Uam Port. Competition from ZPMC remains the main challenge in winning overseas contracts according to Hyundai Heavy Industries sales manager Lee Yong Tae : “ We are trying to get more projects , but ZPMC has a very low price . We will try to cut our price but we think it will lead to a bad situation in future . ” “ if customers think that quality is important then we are ok , but if they just think about price we cannot win the project . We have experience of building cranes to lift one or two containers .We buy the main crane controls system from ABB and then use a Korean fabricator .” 附录 B 港口起重机 中国经济在过去的高速增长已经大幅增加了本国港口货流量，以至于不断扩大老港口以及不断修建新的港口以应对快速增长的集装箱业务以及大宗货物的流通。 中国的港口扩展进程对本国港口装备行业的发展产生了强烈的刺激，这一进程强烈需要大量的各种各样的港 口起重机的迅猛增加，包括集装箱起重机、桥门式起重机以及其他能够处理散料货物的装卸设备。 由国资委掌控的中国港口工程集团有限公司是中国最大的港口起重机和散料装卸设备的供应商。该集团包括世界最大的港口集装箱起重机生厂商振华港口机械有限公司（ ZPMC）和精于生产用于港口的桥门式起重机以及干散货物的装卸设备的上海港口机械厂（ SPMP）。 上海港口机械厂主要市场是中国本地，虽然它在寻求扩大海外销售。尽管它没有同行振华港口机械有限公司出名，上海港口机械厂拥有很多的大型生产设施，它计划不久将一部分生产线转移到上海附近的长 兴岛。振华港口机械有限公司已经在那里建立了一个大型集装箱起重机组装厂。 上海港口机械厂主要的生产项目是桥门式起重机和其它用途的港口起重机。在过去的两年里，该公司已经获得了来自全国港务局的的 145 份桥门式起重机的合同，这其中包括正在建设的新港口和正在扩张的港口。 最近几年，上海港口机械厂已经向美国，伊拉克以及缅甸提供桥门式起重机。缅甸的仰光港口购买了一座跨度为 47 米，起重量为 40 吨的桥门式起重机，然而美国的 BIW 购买了三台起重量分别为 15t,150t, 和 300t 起重机。另外，上海港口机械厂已向伊拉克的一些 港口提供了 12 台起重机自从萨达姆下台后。 在中国，上海港口机械厂最近的主要订单是桥门式起重机，这其中包括 天津海外矿产航运码头的 8 台起重量为 40t，回转半径为 45m 的起重机，然而，位于中国南部的广东盐田港务局已经购买了 6 台这样的起重机。其它一些大的订单包括镇江港务集团的 7 台起重量为 10t，回转半径为 25m 的起重机和防城港务局的10 台起重量为 25t，回转半径为 33m 的起重机，而营口港务局已经 13 台起重量为 25t，回转半径为 35m 和 2 台起重量为 40t，回转半径为 44m 的桥门机。 许多起重机按照订单在建 上海港口机 械厂也提供港口和海湾其它用途的起重机，这些大多数按照客户的要求建造。它已经向许多国外客户提供岸边集装箱起重机，这其中包括泰国的曼谷港，台湾的高雄港和加拿大的温哥华港。在中国国内，该公司已向上海港，天津港，烟台港以及其他的一些港口提供岸边集装箱起重机。该公司也向国内外客户提供轮胎式龙门起重机。 订购其它港口起重机的公司包括广东的广州，它购买了一台 25t 的浮吊，而中港港口已购买了两台 125/63t 双小车龙门起重机和一台 700t 的桥式起重机。2003 年，中港港口与上海港口机械厂签订一台 2600t 的浮吊合同，这是该 公司近些年做的最大吨位的起重机。 其它的一些用户包括江苏省的中原南通造船厂，它已经购买了两台 300t 用于船坞的戈利亚特起重机，而上海外高桥船厂已将上海港口机械厂的两台 600t戈利亚特起重机用于船舶建造中。上海港口机械厂有两个厂区。在上海的厂区有2000 名工人，江苏的厂区有 1500 名工人。在这 3500 名工人中，有 800 名技术人员和管理人员从事于设计，开发，建造港口类和其它类起重机以及大宗干散货物的装卸设备。 目前，该公司正准备迁出它在上海的厂区，因为该区是预留给 2010 上海世博会的一块滨水区。该公司的上海分厂 将于 2006 年年底关闭，它将迁移到一个在上海附近长兴岛的新厂区。 “新厂区将比现有的厂区大，”李说，“当 2006 年年底我们迁出时，我们将做好第一阶段的准备工作。” 除了将上海的厂区迁移到新址外，该公司希望将来能与振华在业务上合作。 中国港湾建设（集团）总公司的高层们被人们认为他们已经告诉上海港口机械厂它将与振华在招标项目上有更多合作。两家公司希望保持各自的制造能力，然而，将来合作的精确细节仍没有确定。 另外，上海港口机械厂的合作公司振华正在加强其作为世界最大的船岸集装箱起重机生产商的地位，生产量几近世界集装 箱起重机市场年产量的一多半。另外，它还经营着四个起重机生产综合体和一些其他的业务。 振华的产品系列包括集装箱起重机，轮胎式龙门起重机，干散货物船用装卸设备，斗轮堆取料机，门式起重机，浮吊以及工程船只。该公司还扩展到生产包括大型钢桥的大型钢结构。 振华扩大生产 全世界有 37 个国家和地区超过 150 个航运码头正在使用振华的起重机和其它的产品。振华已经提交了 705 台集装箱起重机，按照手头的订单将于 2006 年交付另外的 128 台集装箱起重机。除此之外，截止 2005 年底，振华已经向世界各地的客户交付了 1148 台轮胎式龙门 起重机，按照手头的订单将于 2006 年交付308 台轮胎式龙门起重机。 振华正在扩大生产设施，预计不久订单数将会增加。该公司拥有四个起重机生产综合体在上海及周边地区，江阴，常州，湛江和长兴岛 。 长兴岛生产基地将于 2001 年完成，占地面积 100 万平方米，有 3.5 千米的海岸线。该基地每年能够生产 160 台船岸集装箱起重机和 300 台轮胎式龙门起重机以及 20， 0000 吨的大型钢桥结构。 其计划在长兴岛进一步填海 3 百万平方米，届时它将成为振华最大的生产中心。 韩国看重国内 在一个支离破碎的全球港口起重机行业中，韩国生产商不 得不在国内市场寻求更多的商机。 韩国的集装箱起重机和港口起重机设备制造产业近几年越来越依赖国内市场，当该国的制造商面对来自中国振华港机在主要的国际市场的价格竞争。全球的其他制造商也面临着同样的问题，他们中没有那一家在国际集装箱起重机市场上占有超过 8