译林英语8Aunit2知识点教案.doc

8A 第二单元重点知识一、重点短语1. 学校生活_ 2. 得更加努力工作、学习_3. _ 4. 英式英语_5. 美式英语_ 6.一块橡皮_7. 为我表弟买一个玩具卡车_8. 在我们学校附近的店里_9. 有周末计划_ 10举行一场重要的比赛_11. 今年秋天_ 12. 英国学校的生活_13. 在8年级_ 14. 一所混合学校_15. 一起上课_ 16. 最喜欢法语_17. 学习外语_ 18. 在阅读周期间_19. 从学校的图书馆借更多的书_20. 从家里把杂志带进来_ 21. 赚更多的钱_22. 在星期快结束的时候_ 23. 课堂上和同学讨论书的内容_ 24. 好像过得更快_ 25. 同伴俱乐部_26. 了解更多关于学校的事_ 27. 认真倾听我的问题_28. 给我提供帮助_ 29. 比平时结束早_30.我的偶像们_ 31. 一起做运动_32. 打棒球_ 33. 刻苦练习_34. 赢得两场比赛_ 35. 读、写中使用的单词_36.一位美国男孩写的一篇文章_ 37. 在我们三个当中、在这三所学校中_38. 每天_ 39. 空闲的时间_40. 获得第一、二、三_ 41. 在赛跑比赛中_42. 暑假、寒假_ 43. 花时间做某事_44. 穿制服、打领带、校服_ 45. 做早操、进行阅读、阅读英语报刊杂志_ 46. 放假周数更少、放假_47. 下国际象棋_ 48. 最多、至少_49. 每门科目都进行月考_ 50. 浏览，快速查看_51. 起初，首先_ 52. 继续，重复做某事、继续用英语写_53. 日常生活_ 54. 我理想的学校_55. 放学_ 56. 进行学校旅行_57. 需要早起_ 58. 一个又大又干净的餐厅_59. 有时间进行某种活动/有很多时间进行课外活动_60.有一个小时的家庭作业 _ 61. 有一个小时吃午饭_62. 在午餐时间_ 63. 选择科目学习_64. 我的所有其他同学_ 65. 我的任何一位同学_66.我班其他学生_ 67. 我的任何一个其他同学_68. 至少/最多_ 69. 两个半小时_二、重要句型1. Why dont dogs go to school, Eddie? 狗为什么不去上学， 艾迪？l “Why dont/doesnt /didnt + 主语+ 动词原形+其他”，意为“为什不；为何不”，通常表示建议或责备。其中“Why dont you+ 动词原形+其他”，可以用 “Why not +动词原形+其他？，其他表示建议的句型还有：What/How about.? Lets. Shall we.?例题：（1）Why_ come and play football with us? A. not you B. dont C. not to D. not （2）Its raining . Why not _（ask）your friends for help when you are in trouble ? 2. Its like watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements. 它就像看电视，但是广告更少一些。l fewer 是few 的比较级形式，意为“较少的”，修饰可数名词复数形式few和 a few 修饰可数名词复数，其中few 意为“很少，几乎没有的”，表示否定意义；而a few 意为“少数的，几个”，表示肯定意义。 little 和 a little修饰不可数名词，其中little意为“几乎没有的”，表示否定意义，而a little 意为“少量，一点儿”，表示肯定意义。例题：（1）I have _ friends in this school , but _ are good friends . There is _ milk in the fridge , we should buy some in the supermarket . （2）There is _ water , but there are quite _ empty glasses . A. little ; a few B. few ; little C. little ; few D. little ; a little 3.During the week , we can borrow more books from the school library . 在这一周里，我们可以从学校图书馆借更多的书。l borrow及物动词“借入”，常用短语borrow sth from sb ：向某人借某物lend：“借出”，lend sb sth= lend sth to sb 借给某人某物 keep sth for +时间段：借某物一段时间 例题：（1）I want to _ a bike from Amy , but she _ it to Daniel and she said he wanted to _ it for three days . (2) - How long may I _ your bike ? - For a week . But you mustnt _ it to others A. borrow ; lend B. keep ; lend C. lend ; borrow D. keep ; borrow 4. Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class. 在这周临近结束时，在课堂上我们和同学们讨论这些书。l near the end of. 意为“在.快要结束时”，此短语中end 是名词，关于end的常用短语还有：at the end of.：在.结束的时候；既可以指时间的重点，也可指某个地点的尽头。by the end of.：到.末尾为止，强调“最后的时限”in the end: “最后，终于”，单独使用，位置比较灵活就，相当于at last 例题：（1）We will have a final exam _ the term. A. in the end B. at the end of C. at the end D. in the end of （2）_, I found the small shop _ the street. 我终于在大街的尽头找到了那家小店。discuss 意为“讨论，议论”，为及物动词，后可直接加宾语，无需加about。常用短语discuss sth with sb： 与某人讨论某事 = have a discussion about sth with sb 翻译：午饭后我们要讨论那个问题。_5. Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. 当我们阅读有趣的书籍时，时间似乎过得更快。l 句中seem是动词，意为“似乎，好像，看起来”，主要句型如下：seem+（to be ）+ adj/n 似乎. seem to do sth 好像做某事It seems + that 从句 There seems to be. 似乎有.例题：（1）He_ after he chatted with his parents online. A. seems happily B. seemed happy C. seems happy D. seemed to happy （2）Nobody seems to know what happened just now in the park. （改为同义句） _ _ that nobody _ what happened just now in the park. （3）There _(seem) to be some mistakes . （4）The dog seems _(want) to have a drink. 6. Learning foreign language is fun .学习外语很有趣。l 此句中的“Learning foreign language”是动词ing形式放在句首作主语，动名词作主语看作单数。动词原形放在句首，是祈使句（请求命令别人做某事）Close the windows ,please. Its too cold.动词不定式（To do sth ）放句首，表示目的 To catch the early bus , I got up very early this morning. 例题：_(keep) healthy, you should do more exercise. _(go) to bed earlier, or you cant get up the next day. _( eat）too much for dinner is bad for your health. Drink a glass of milk before going to bed _(be) very helpful to your body. 7. He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help. 他经常认真地听我的问题，给我帮助。l offer及物动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予”，常用短语offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 提供给某人某物 offer to do sth : 主动提出做某事例题：（1）The litte boy _ his seat to an old man on the bus. A. offered B. brought C. lent D. took （2）He offered_(teach) me how to make a kite. offer 还可以作为名词：主动提议；建议；减价，特价 如：Thank you for your kind offer of help 谢谢你的好心帮助 There will be a special offer in the supermarket this Sunday. 这个星期日超市将有一个大促销 8. Their team won two games last month. 他们队上个月赢了两场比赛l win 动词，“获胜，赢”，过去式过去分词均为won，其名词形式为winner 获胜者，赢家辨析win与beat ：win和beat 都可以作及物动词，作“赢、战胜”讲，其区别主要在于后面接的宾语不同win的宾语是表示比赛或奖项的名词，即race，match，competition，game，war，prize（奖）之类的词beat的宾语则是比赛、竞争的对手，即指人或球队的名词或代词例题：The Chinese national womens badminton team _ the Japanese team by 3：1 in India on May 24. - Whats the result ? - Class 1 _ the match this time . -My brother _ first prize in a speech competition . - Congratulations !9. Number of students .学生的数量l number意为“数量，数字”，常构成短语：a number of 若干，许多 ； the number of. 的数量a number of 可用 small，large，great等词修饰number，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式the number of 后接可数名词复数形式，中心词是number，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式例题：（1）The number of the volunteers _ 100 now . And a small number of them _ already gone to the workplace . A. is ; have B. are ; have C. is ; has D. are ; has （2）-_ the number of the teachers in our school ? -_ 4500. A. Whats; Its B. How many are ; There are C. How much is ; Theyre D. Whats ; There is （3）The number of the students in our school is getting _. We need to build more classrooms to hold more students. . A. more and more B. larger and lareger C. fewer and fewer D. smaller and smaller 10. How much time do students spend on homework every day ? 学生们每天花费多少时间写家庭作业？l spend，take，cost，pay 辨析spend的主语必须是人，常用于 （1）sb spend time/money on sth （2）sb spend time/money （in）doing sthtake 主要用于指花费时间，主语是物，常用句型：It takes sb some time to do sth ,此句型中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式cost的主语只能是物，常用句型：sth cost (sb) some money pay 主要指花费金钱，主语是人，常与介词for 连用，句型为：Sb pay some money for sth 例题：（1）He said playing computer games _ him a lot of time every day . 同义句 He said _ every day. （2）I _ two yuan buying this book yesterday I _ this book yesterday= I _ this book yesterdayThe book _ yesterday. （3）Ill spend as much time as I can _ (practise ) _(read). （4）It took me two weeks _ the novels written by Guo Jingming . A. finish reading B. to finish to read C. finishing reading D. to finish reading 11. Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British students .l have +一段时间+off意为“有.时间的假期”，休息.,off 在这里是副词，意为“休息，休假，不工作”，have 可用take替换。给某人放一段时间假可用“give sb + 一段时间+off”句型，如：He had/took a day off last week . 上周他休息了一天The boss gives the workers a day off 老板给工人们方脸一天的假例题：We decided to take _ at the end of the month . A. two days holiday B. two days off C. two-day holiday D. two days off 12. I also keep writing in English about my daily life . 我也坚持用英语写我的日常生活。l keep doing 不停地做某事，强调动作连续不断，每隔一会发生，相当于 keep on doing; keep doing 还可以表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态，keep on doing 则没有这种用法。如：John always keeps (on) asking questions . 约翰总是问个不停Why do the dogs keep barking ? 这些狗为什么不停地叫？keep sb doing sth “让某人一直做某事”翻译：她让我一连说了四十五分钟_三、重点语法1.more.than，fewer.than, less.than 的用法more.than 意为“比.多”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,如I have more apples than you . Lucy spends more time studying Chinese than Lily . fewer .than he less .than 都意为“比.少”。其中fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词，如：There are fewer boys than girls in our class .It takes less time to go there by car than by ship. more 是many 和much的比较级，最高级是most，fewer 是fewer的比较级，最高级为fewest. less 是little的比较级，最高级为least。2. 副词的比较级和最高级副词的原级、比较级、最高级的三级构成与用法与形容词类似，但副词最高级前通常省略the3. 后缀-ly名词后加后缀-ly构成的形容词。如friend-friendly，month-monthly，day-daily.love-lovely 形容词词尾加-ly构成副词，如：bad-badly, careful-carefully 注意：以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把y变成i,再加ly；以原因字母+e或le结尾的形容词，去e再加ly; 以l结尾的形容词，直接加-y如：noisy_ ; happy_ true _ wise_ terrible_ possible_ full_ 形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词或其他形容词、副词练习：( ) 1. Mr Brown is fat. The doctor told him to eat _ food and take _ exercise. A. more, more B. more, less C. less, more D. less, less( ) 2. Can you do the work well with _ time and _ people? A. little, less B. few, little C. less, fewer D. fewer, less( ) 3. I see some orange in the glass. Please give me _. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little( ) 4. _ children there are in a family, _ their life will be. A. The less, the better B. The fewer, the better C. Fewer, richer D. More, poorer( ) 5 He feels _ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired( ) 6. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst( )7. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the expensive one B.