SAT高分文法考法精析-logical comparison-逻辑比较-齐际、戈弋、王耕伟、朱思宁.docx

SAT高分文法考法精析编著者：齐际、戈弋、王耕伟、朱思宁u Logical Comparison语法点1. 比较句中的省略1) asas连接两个比较对象时的省略情况有时as从句中的主语和系动词（be）可省去。l Come as soon as possible.第二个as后省略了主语和连系动词it is。有时可省略as后面的主语，保留谓语部分。l I have never in my life seen so much rain as fell that February in the endless Mississippi forest.第二个as后面省略了主语it，保留了谓语部分fell。2) than连接两个比较从句时的省略情况比较从句可以省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。l They have many more English books than we.Than we后面省略了谓语have。比较从句可以省略部分谓语成分，保留主语和be, have或助动词。l John drove much more carefully than Tim did.Than Tim did后省略部分谓语drive，保留了主语和助动词。比较从句可以省略主要动词，保留其余部分。l Imperialism will not change its nature any more than a leopard will its spots.A leopard will后面省略了主要动词change。比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语，保留宾语。l I love him more than her.Than后面省略了主语和谓语I love，保留了宾语her。比较从句可以省略主语和部分谓语，保留修饰语。l Its pleasanter travelling by day than by night.Than后面省略了主语和部分谓语it is travelling，保留了修饰语by night。比较从句可以省略主语，保留谓语部分。l There may be more importance in it than would seem.Than后面省略了主语there，保留了谓语would seem。比较从句可以省略宾语。l The box is bigger than I wanted.Than后面省略了宾语the box。语法点2. than后加主格或宾格的相关注意事项当句中动词为不及物动词或动词的宾语是事物时，than后的人称代词既可以用主格也可以用宾格，意思不变。 l Tom runs much faster than I/me. 汤姆比我跑得快得多。l She speaks English better than he/him. 她英语说得比他好。如果在than后保留动词的话，这时than后要用主格形式，不能用宾格。 l Tom runs much faster than I do.I do不能替换成me。l She speaks English better than he does. he does不能替换成him。当句中动词的宾语指人时, than后用主格代词或宾格代词, 意思有区别。 l She knows me better than he. 她比他更了解我。补全省略的部分：She knows me better than he does.l She knows me better than him. 她了解我胜过了解他。补全省略的部分：She knows me better than she knows him.在遇到主格、宾格相同的 you时，不能省略，否则会产生歧义。l She knows me better than you. 此句既可理解为：She knows me better than you do. 她比你更了解我。也可理解为：She knows me better than she knows you. 她了解我胜过了解你。考法1. 比较对象不一致错误1) 错误特征如果将两个分属于不同类别或无法进行比较的对象进行比较，则犯了比较对象不一致的错误。尤其容易出现错误的就是用名词或代词的主格形式代替了所有格形式。l Henriettas flock of backyard chickens produced more eggs than her neighborhood.该句中than连接的两个比较对象分别是chickens和her neighborhood，两比较对象分属于不同类别，比较对象不一致，无法进行比较。l If I had to compare the plays of Arthur Miller and Shakespeare, Id say Shakespeares are best.该句中compar.and.连接的两个比较对象分别是plays和Shakespeare，两比较对象分属于不同类别，比较对象不一致，无法进行比较。l Europes public transportation system is more extensive than The United States.Than连接的两个比较对象分别是public transportation system和The United States，两比较对象分属于不同类别，比较对象不一致，无法进行比较。2) 修改方法将分属于不同类别或无法进行比较的两个比较对象正确转化为一致的比较对象。l Nutritionists disagree over whether sugar or eating artificial sweetener is worse.Whetheror连接的两个比较对象分别是sugar和eating artificial sweetener，两比较对象一个为名词，一个为动名词短语，比较对象不一致，无法比较，划线部分错误，可改为artificial sweetenerl Because frozen vegetables do not require oil or large amounts of water, they are likely healthier than other forms of cooking.Than连接的两个比较对象分别为vegetables即they（they指代前文vegetables）和forms of cooking，两比较对象分属于不同类别，比较对象不一致，无法比较，可改为vegetables prepared by other methods.考法1. 比较对象不明确错误1) 错误特征连词，逗号或介词短语连接两个比较对象，如果比较对象对象存在省略，不能出现歧义的现象，否则导致比较对象不明确。l Yosef always told his sister more secrets than his brother, who was a real chatterbox.Than连接的两个比较对象分别为Yosef always told his sister more secrets和his brother，第二个比较对象省略了句子成分，意思不明确，其可以意为“than his brother told”也可以意为“than he told his brother”划线部分比较对象不明确，错误。l Amy Poehler believes that its better to ask people what they dont want to do than college.than连接的两个比较对象分别为what they dont want to do