高一语法之_情态动词.doc

情态动词 一、情态动词（情态动词表示说话人的看法和态度。）情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 情态动词不能在句子中单独作谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。二、情态动词的基本用法 1、can/ could (1)表示能力 He can speak English better than you.（2）表示允许You can (may) go home now（3）表示推测(用于疑问句和否定句) Can this green bike be Liu Dongs?注：can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式（could），而be able to则有更多的形式，另外，表示经过努力而成功办到的事，只能用be able to (4)can和could 还可表示可能性，并且表示委婉语气时，可用could代替can。这时could不再是can的过去式。如：Could you come again tomorrow? Accidents can happen on such rainy days.(5) can 表示疑问、惊讶的语气。How can you be so clever? 6) can 可表达“有时可能会”。如：It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes.A. mustB. canC. should D. wouldEx: 1) -Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course you_.A. might B. willC. canD. should2) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 3) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 4) May I stop my car here? No, you_. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to5) （2014北京卷）27. _ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. CanB. Must C. ShallD. Should6)（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 7)【2012全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need 2、may和might (1)表示许可（might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。）如： May I use this dictionary?（2）把握不太大的推测（肯定句） Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. will D. must 注：can(用于疑问句和否定句) 比较： This cant be done by him. This might not be done by him.（3）祈使句表祝愿 (4)may as well+动词原形 译为：“最好，不妨”You may as well do it at once.Ex:1）. I have a word with the manager , sir ? A. Will B. Would C. May D. Can2） May I use your camera this Sunday ? No , you . A. neednt B. may not C. wont D. mustnt 3）Are you coming to Jeffs party ?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. should C. would D. might 4) I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _ I have a look ? Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should 5) 8. Is John coming by train ? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 6）（2014江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _become the richest .A. shall B. must C. need D. might3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 注：对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用neednt或用dont (doesnt) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustnt， 如： Must we finish the work tomorrow? - No, you neednt (dont have to) 2) 在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定.3) have to和must都有“必须”的意思，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I _study hard. I _give it up because of illness.4) must可表“偏偏”“偏要” 如：Why_ you always interrupt me? A. can B. will C. may D. mustEx:1). I get there on time today ? No , you neednt . A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should2). May I talk about it with anyone I like ? No , you . A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to 3)May I talk about it with anyone I like?No, you _. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to4） Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not 4、should / ought to（should用于构成将来时是助动词。should用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词。） (1) 表示义务，责任，意为“应当” 。 You should pay for your taxes.（2） 表示推测，可能性。意为“可能，应该”。Its mid-night, he should be home.（3） 表示惊讶和难以置信,表示说话人的感情(惊奇、愤怒、失望等)“竟然” 。Why should he do such a thing?1） Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can2）When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need3）What _ we to do next ? A. have B. used C. ought D. are4） _ I to go and apologize for my mistake? A. Should B. Need C. Ought D. Have 5）（2014江苏卷）31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.A. might B. wouldC. should D. could5、shall1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5). The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. (2003北京春) A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do6）If you listen to me, you _ have some candies, Deary . A. shall B. may C. will D. must 7） Grandfather , my sister come ? A. will B. shall C. would D. could8）The room is so dirty _we clean it?Of course A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do9） Mr. Brown, many students want to see you, _ they wait here or outside? A. shall B. will C. can D. would6. will, would1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。如：-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)Would you like some more coffee?2)表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、.。如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. He promised he would never smoke again.Ex:(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you(2) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent3) Would you come back later next time ? No , I . A. shant B. wouldnt C. wont D. mustnt4) Write to me when you get home._. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 7. need/ dareneed 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) You neednt return the book now. Need he go yesterday?注意:对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _./ No, _.1) -Shall I tell John about it ? - No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt2) Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may notdare1) I wonder how he_ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2) I dont know whether he _ try. A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed3)Dare you go home at night ? _. A. Yes, I do B. No, I darent C. No, I dont D. Yes, I dare so. Practice makes perfect!（ ）1. I get there on time today ? No , you neednt . A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should（ ）2. May I talk about it with anyone I like ? No , you . A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to （ ）3. A teacher do every exercise , but a pupil must . A. maynt B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt（ ）4. Will you please give her a message when you see her ? Yes , I . A. shall B. will C. can D. must（ ）5. Would you come back later next time ? No , I . A. shant B. wouldnt C. wont D. mustnt（ ）6. Must we finish copying all these articles this morning ? No , you . A. mustnt B. havent C. not have to D. dont have to（ ）7. The little girl dance before so many guests , she ?A. doesnt dare to , dare B. darent , does C. dares not , dare D. darent , dare（ ）8. you tell me whats happening over there ? A. Could B. May C. Might D. Shall（ ）9. I have a word with the manager , sir ? A. Will B. Would C. May D. Can（ ）10. Something flying far away must be a hawk . No , it be a hawk . A. mustnt B. mightnt C. cant D. might（ ）11. Man reach the moon or any other star in the universe now , but we get there years ago . A. can ; couldnt B. are able to ; werent able to C. must ; neednt D. can ; had to （ ）12. Grandfather , my sister come ? A. will B. shall C. would D. could（ ）13. “ What I do for you ? ” means “ I help you ? ”A. can , May B. shall ; Need C. can ; Can D. will ; Shall（ ）14. May I use your camera this Sunday ? No , you . A. neednt B. may not C. wont D. mustnt （ ）15. I like to go to the cinema with mother on Saturday evening . A. will B. shall C. would D. can（ ）16. You mind your own business . A. should B. are able C. have to D. had better（ ）17. The speaker spoke slowly so that he be heard clearly . A. would B. should C. could D. shall（ ）18