14. 定语从句.doc

课程名称高一英语上课时间年月日课 时第课时辅 导 师学 生辅导方式一对一教学内容 定语从句教学材料教学目标掌握定语从句的用法教学重难点关系代词和关系副词的选择教学过程设计 Step 1 复习默写短文。_Step 2 短文学习 The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam who was the local butcher had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper which contained half the money that he had lost, together with a note which said: A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief! Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: Only 25 per cent a thief now! In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way. The last note said: I am 100 per cent honest now!语言点1、the whole village：全村的人2、a large sum of：一大笔（钱）a sum of money:一笔钱3、 be sure that.:对.肯定，确信.4、half the money=half of the money5、50 per cent a thief=50 per cent of a thief 25 per cent a thief=25 per cent of a thief I am 100 per cent honest now!6、together with：连同.7、in time:过了一段时间，最终8、in this way：以这种方式Step 3 定语从句一、 知识概要 对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。如： Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? 而 who gave us the talk this afternoon 是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。 who 在定语从句中起主语的作用。又如： You must do everything that I do.这里先行词是 everything， 而 that I do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。二、 引导定语从句的引导词关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 关系副词 when， where， why， how不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。三、 关系代词的用法that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如：A plane is a machine that can fly。I like the book (that) you lent me yesterday。注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即： I like the book you lent me yesterdaywhich 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如： The book shop is a shop which sells books。The book (which) I read last night was wonderful。who， whom， whose who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend. Whos that woman (whom) you just talked to ? This is our classmate， Mary， whose home is not far from our school 如何将两句话并为一句话I saw the man. He closed the door.I saw the man who (that) closed the door.2 The girl is happy. She won the race. The girl who won the race is happy3 The students are from China. They sit in the front row.The students who sit in the front row are from China.4 I have to call the man I picked up his umbrella after the meetingI have to call the man whose umbrella I picked up after the meeting练一练5 The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.6 The book was good. I read it.7 The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday.8 The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.9 I come from a country. Its history goes back thousands of years.关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以写作：That was the room which we had lived in for ten yearsHe was the man whom(who) you were looking for 要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短语动词也不可将 for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如： The man that we were talking about has come to our school 这时不可用 about that 请看下面例句：1The meeting was interesting I went to it The meeting that I went to was interesting 2The man was very kind I talked to him yesterday The man who I talked to yesterday was very kind3I must thank the people I got a present from him I must thank the people who I got a present from4The picture was beautiful She was looking at it The picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful5The man is standing over there I told you about him The man who I told you about is standing over there4、 关系副词 when， where， why when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall. where 则指地点，如： This is the house where the old man lives.1 The city was beautiful We spent our vacation thereThe city where we spent our vacation was beautiful2 That is the restaurant I will meet you there That is the restaurant where I will meet you3 The town is small I grew up thereThe town where I grew up is small4 That is the drawer I keep my newpapers thereThat is the drawer where I keep my newspapers5 Monday is the day We will come thenMonday is the day When we will came6 is the time My plane arrives then is the time when my plane arrives7 is the year The revolution took place then is the year when the revolution took place8 July is the month The weather is usually the hottest thenJuly is the month when the weather is usually the hottest 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：I was the only person in my office who was invited非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April ， at a theatre in washington 又如：Galileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high（二） 正误辨析 误 I wont tell you the name of the person who teach me English 正 I wont tell you the name of the person who teaches me English 析 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。误 We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War 正 We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War 析 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。误 The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good正 The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good 析 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。误 The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool 正 The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool 析 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。误 The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America正 The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America 析 the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。误 This is the room in that the old man lives 正 This is the room in which the old man lives 正 This is the room which the old man lives in 正 This is the room that the old man lives in 析 that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in误 I can do everything which is good for you 正 I can do everything that is good for you 析 在先行词是 all， much， little