英语翻译试题2.doc

英语翻译PART ONE （30 POINTS）I. Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C, and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1Egypts very soil was born in the Niles annual flood; with the flood came the life-giving mud that made Egypt the granary of the ancient world.（ ）A埃及的土地就是尼罗河每年泛滥而形成的。河水泛滥，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。B埃及的土地就是尼罗河每年泛滥而形成的。河水泛滥带来泥沙，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。C因为每年河水泛滥，泥沙形成了埃及的土地，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。D万物之所以能生长，是因为埃及的土地是尼罗河每年泛滥带来的泥沙而形成的。埃及就这样成了古代世界的粮仓。2Since economic reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of almost 10% a year has seen Chinas GNP nearly quadruple.（ ）A自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值翻了两番。B自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值几乎翻了几番。C自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增长了四倍。D自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以平均每年10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增加到原来的四倍。3The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the farmers no longer occur. Egyptian agriculture has been transformed, and industry is benefiting from power generated by the dam. （ ）A过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。B过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是现在埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。C过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改良，水坝发的电也用在了工业上。D过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是埃及的农业得到了改良，工业也给水坝发电带来了很大的好处。4All plays are alike to me just as all music is alike to Tony.（ ）A所有的戏剧对于我就像所有的音乐对托尼一样。B正如托尼喜欢所有的音乐一样，我也非常喜欢所有的戏剧。C我对戏剧就像托尼对音乐一样，非常欣赏。D托尼不会欣赏音乐，同样我也不会欣赏戏剧。5I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. （ ）A我不仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。B我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。C我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们演奏好音乐的人。D我特别赞扬的不是那些准备了这次盛晚宴的人，而是那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人。6我就担心丧失机会。不抓呀，看到的机会就丢掉了，时间一晃就过去了。（ ）AThe only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. If we dont seize them, they will slip through our fingers, time speeds by.BThe only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. Dont seize them, they will slip through our fingers, because time speeds by.CThe only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. If we dont seize them, they will slip through our fingers. Now that time flies fast.DThe only thing I worry about is that we may lose opportunities. If we dont seize them, they will slip through our fingers as time speeds by.7我感谢陆登庭校长的邀请，使我有机会在这美好的金秋时节来到你们这座美国古老而又现代化的学府。（ ）AI thank President Rudenstine to invite me to this old yet modern institution of the United States in this golden fall.BI wish to thank President Rudenstine for inviting me to this old yet modern institution of the United States in this golden fall.CI thank President Rudenstine for inviting me to this ancient yet modern institution of the U.S. in this golden autumn.DI wish to thank President Rudenstine to invite me to this ancient yet modern institution of the U.S. in this golden autumn.8合营各方按注册资本比例分享利润和分担风险及亏损。（ ）AThe parties to the venture shall share the profits, risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.BThe parties to the venture shall divide the profits, risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.CThe parties to the venture shall divide and enjoy the profits, share the risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.DThe parties to the venture shall share the profits, and divide the risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.9虽然我浑身酸痛，可是不干活儿不行呀！（ ）AThough I still ached all over, I must work.BThough I still ached all over, I had to work.CThough I still ached all over, I cannot but work.DThough I still ached all over, but I had to work. 10中国自20世纪60年代开始进行海洋油气资源的自营勘探和开发。（ ）ASince the 1960s,China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own.BBeginning from the 1960s, China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own.CAs early as the 1960s,China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own.DUntil the 1960s, China began to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources on its own.BDirections: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices labeled A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.11严复翻译的天演论，其原文的题目是（ ）AInquiry into the Nature of EvolutionBStudy of Evolution and EthicsCEvolution and Ethics and Other EssaysDStudy of the System of Logic12周煦良在“翻译三论”一文中写道：直译可以分为三类，其中不包括（ ）A译音而不译意 B照字面译C不妄改原文的字句 D按照原文的结构或词序的翻译13Cicero said,“In doing so, I did not think it necessary （ ）.”Ato translate word for wordBto preserve the general styleCto keep the force of the languageDto change the form of the original14不符合科技英语特点的是（ ）A严肃的书面语体 B词汇含义相对单一并且固定C广泛使用被动语态 D趋向于使用多重复合结构15一般来说，在用词方面，（ ）A汉语喜欢重复，英语也喜欢重复B汉语不怕重复，英语也不怕重复C英语不喜欢重复，汉语也不喜欢重复D英语不喜欢重复，汉语则不怕重复PART TWO （70 POINTS）II. Word and Phrase Translation(20 points,1 point for each)A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.16articles of association17telecommunications18come into force19poisonous chemicals20Vatican21the science of biotic control22academic exchanges23weapons of mass destruction24undermanned25instrument of ratificationB. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.26诺贝尔奖获得者27奥运会28北洋军阀政府29预算30生产力31御花园32基金会33渔场34振兴中华35人类文明的发祥地IIITranslation Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each)ADirections: Each of the following Chinese translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.Example:原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。36原文：I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下一个五年计划中会有效地提到它。37原文：World War II was more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of market, resources and territories.译文：第二次世界大战比第一次世界大战更复杂，那是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场资源和领土的冲突。38原文：Yet there was a bigger movement in the air by 1750.译文：到了1750年，进行了一场更大的空中运动。39原文：Byrons father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Augusta, Byrons half-sister.译文：拜伦的父亲和第一位妻子生了一个女儿，名叫奥古斯塔，是拜伦同母异父的妹妹。40原文：It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.译文：告诫子女不要犯错误，那是没用的，一来他们不听你的，二是错误本身也是教育的一个重要方面。41原文：Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.译文：我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色没有亏欠多少现在的时代。BDirections: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.Example:原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。译文：To write a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great honor.改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays.42原文：我最近还在另一个地方说过：艺术的最高境界是无技巧。译文：Ive also said recently in another place that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.43原文：凤霞从1966年被迫离开舞台，后来又因病不能登台，至今已经14年之久。译文：Fengxia was driven off the stage in 1966 and later fell ill, for 14 years she has not been able to perform.44原文：合营企业的有关外汇事宜，应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条例办理。译文：The foreign exchange transactions of an equity joint venture shall observe the regulations on foreign exchange control of the Peoples Republic of China.45原文：老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。译文：Old people have strengths but also great weaknessesthey are easy to be stubborn, for exampleand they should be aware of that.IVParagraph Translation(30 points)ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese.(15 points)46. China may well be the favorite whipping boy of manufacturers in the United States these days. But in the developing world, the country is becoming the trading partner of choice, drawing in airplanes from Brazil, soybeans from Argentina and seafood from Malaysia, boosting economies and leading to new political alliances. The growing appetite of the worlds most populous nation has made China a new source of income for the developing economies of South America and Asia. “Chinas booming imports from developing countriesespecially of commoditiesare not only helping growth in countries from Brazil to Africa, but are already reshaping international trade relations,”said Kenneth Rogoff, an economics professor at Harvard University. Developed countries also are sending more goods to Chins, the worlds sixth-largest economy, with an estimated $1.334 trillion gross domestic product in 2003, according to the IMF.BDirections: Translate the following passage into English.(15 points)47 中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略，加强海洋综合管理，不断完善海洋法律制度，积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，并认真履行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业做出了积极贡献。 1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年，中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展情况。海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the gulf war豪赌 unrestrained gambling好事不出门，恶事传千里 good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander好莱坞大片 hollywood blockbuster好球 strike合理引导消费 guide rational consumption合议庭 collegiate bench黑店 gangster inn宏观调控 macro-control efforts红包 （中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback环太平洋地区 pacific rim后防空虚 leave the defense exposed胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers BECome bearded)虎父无犬子 a wise goose never lays a tame egg.户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system户主 head of a household护身法宝 amulet华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele华盖 canopy坏球 ball还俗 resume secular life, unfrock黄、赌、毒 pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段 prime time挥棒 swing挥棒不中 fan灰色收入 income from moonlighting汇丰银行 hong kong and shang hai banking corporation婚外恋 extramarital love活到老，学到老 one is never too old to learn.货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation第三部分 倍数减少的表示方法倍数减少在英译时，需把倍数换算成分数。成几倍减少，可以改译成”减少到1/n“或减少了”n-1/n“。而减少了n倍，可改译成”减少到1/n1“或”减少了n/n+1“。1.句式特点：表示减少意义的动词n times表示成n倍减少，译成”减少到1/n“或”减少了n-1/n“the length of laser tube was reduced ten times.激光管的长度缩短了十分之九。2.句式特点：表示减少意义的动词byn times表示成n倍减少，译成”减少到1/n“或”减少了n-1/n“the bandwith was reduced by two times.带宽减少了二分之一。3.句式特点：表示减少意义的动词by a factor of + n times表示成n倍减少，译成”减少到1/n“或”减少了n-1/n“4.句式特点：表示减少意义的动词a-n times(n-fold)+ reduction译成”减少到1/n“或”减少了n-1/n“the principal advantage over the old-fashioned machine is a four-fold reduction in weight.与旧式机器比，主要特点是重量减少了四分之三。5.句式特点：表示减少意义的动词n timesas + adj./adv. .译成”减少到1/n“或”减少了n-1/n“6.句式特点：表示减少意义的动词n times+ 比较级 than表示减少了n倍，译成”减少到1/n1”或“减少了1/n1“the plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one.这个塑料容器比那个玻璃容器轻六分之五。Translation Conclusion Unit 1 stories1. He was thirty-six， his youth had passed like a screaming eagle， leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已一闪而逝， 留给他的是衰老和幻灭。2. average height 普通高度 3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him， Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was， what he had done in the past， how he had fled from Yunnan， talked with Sun Yat-sen， been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai， and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调， 说明自己的身份和经历： 他怎样逃出云南， 怎样会见孙中山， 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝， 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。6. When both visitors had told their stories， Chou smiled a little， said he would help them find rooms， and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后，周恩来微笑着说，他可以帮他们找到住的地方，替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续， 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前，暂时作候补党员。7. Chinese Communist Party中国共产党8. 两条要求， 忠实内容， 通顺语言9. Several times on his trips to China， which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government， Bills birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中国官方客人的身份， 比尔来访中国已多次了， 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了。10. This is for you， Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forgetsuch as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation. Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge， built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River. He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on， then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“这是为你安排的。” 这句话比尔。莫诺听到过好几次， 每一次都令他难以忘怀。 有一次， 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下，途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬。 还有一次， 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥以前没桥时， 要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江。 夜幕渐渐降临了， 他被安排坐下，并被告知稍坐等候， 然后突然间， 整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊。11. The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher， Anne Mansfield Sulliven， came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的记忆里， 安妮。曼斯匪尔德。沙利文教师来的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。 从这一天开始， 我的生活与以前迥然不同， 一想到这一点， 我就感到非常兴奋。12. it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me， and for the first time longed for a new day to come. 当那感概万千的一天快要结束时， 我躺在自己的小床里， 感受这一天带给 我的那些快乐， 我觉得没有人比我更幸福了。 一生中第一次，我期待着新一天的来临。13. 一切旧的传统观念， 一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度。All outmoded traditional thinking； any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.14. 我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心， 又觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一样。I felt as if my mind was being whipped， as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.15.另一个地方On another occasion.16. 长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹， 而我的文章就像一个丑八怪， 不打扮， 看起来倒还顺眼些。Physically attractive people dont need heavy make-up. Though my writing resembles an ugly monster， it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.17. 我最恨那些盗名欺世， 欺骗读者的谎言。This means I oppose fabrication， deception and flowery language. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.18. 就学习英语而言，有三个方面值得注意：拼法正确，合乎用法一个词怎么用，和哪个词连用，很有讲究。句子平稳合乎语法。Unit2 HISTORY1. The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark， and the labourer lived not in the sun， but in poverty and darkness. What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial， like the mill， which was already ancient in Chaucers time. The industrial Revolution began with such machines； the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. James Brindley of Staffordashire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels， at the age of seventeen， having been born poor in a village.在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而在生活在贫困和黑暗之中，那么帮助减轻劳动的机械都不知从哪个年代就有了。比如磨坊，在乔叟的时候就已经是古老的了。而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。斯塔福郡的詹姆斯。布林斯雷，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭；一七三三年，他十七岁，就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯。2. in the air酝酿之中3.multi-purpose machine多功能机器4. Brindley had begun on his own account， out of interest， to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.布林斯雷在为他的磨坊和矿井建筑工程到处奔走的时候，出于自愿和兴趣，对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。5. they often had little education， and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind.他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上，当时那种学校教育也只能窒息人的创造性。6. arteries of communication交通的动脉7. readability， 读起来上口，顺。所谓翻译，是翻译意思，而不是翻译词句。只要抓住了意思，译文在词句上可以有一定的灵活性。 8. Despite the great gains in industry， agriculture remained the nations basic occupations. The revolution in agricultureparalleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming， and from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Between 1686 and 1910， the number of farms in the United States trebled， increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.尽管工业的收益很大，农业仍是国民的基础产业。农业革命和战后的制造业革命齐驾齐驱，使手工业劳作变为机械耕种，使维持生计的农业变为商业化的农业。从1860年至1910年间，美国农场的数量翻了三番，从2000000个增至6000000个，耕种的面积也从1.6公顷增至3.52公顷，增长了一倍多。9. In 1840， Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.到了1840年，塞路斯，麦克米克创造了一个奇迹，用他历经近十年研制的神奇机器，一天可割麦22.5公顷。10. In 1862， the Morrill Land-Grant College Act1862年，政府颁布的有关赠地建校的“莫里尔公地兴学法案”11. industrial colleges， appropriated fund， were at work.农业院校， 下拨款项， 展开了科研活动。12. 五四运动是反帝国主义的运动，又是反封建的运动。 五四运动的杰出的历史意思，在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态， 这就是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反封建主义。The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement. Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911， namely， its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism.13. 五四运动所进行的文化革命则是彻底地反对封建文化的运动，自有中国历史以来，还没有过这样伟大而彻底的文化革命。May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture； there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history.14. 五四运动是在思想上和干部上准备了一九二一年中国共产党的成立，又准备了五？运动和北伐战争。Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres， the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and for the May 30th Movement in 1925 and the Northern Expedition.15. 上海，唐山，长辛店等地工人纷纷罢工示威， 中国工人阶级第一次作为觉悟了的独立的政治力量登上政治舞台，显示了它的伟大力量。Workers in Shanghai， Tanghsna， Changxindian an