直接引语与间接引语1.doc

1.首先同学们先从概念上理解直接引语和间接引语： 直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。现用课本中的句子解释如下：直接引语：Marcia said, “She is having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.”Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”间接引语：Marcia said that she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.2. 变直接引语为间接引语的方法：（1）直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称，如：Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.注：若直接引语为陈述句，改为间接引语时，可以把that 省略。（2）若主语谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。列表如下：直接引语间接引语现在时过去时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变将来进行时过去将来进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去时过去完成时将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时通过上表，同学们可以了解Grammar Focus中直接引语与间接引语的变化方式了，如下：Direct speechReported speechI am mad at Marcia.She said she was mad at Marcia. I am having a party for Lana.She said she was having a party for Lana.I go to the beach every Saturday.He said he went to the beach every Saturday.I will call you tomorrow.He told me he would call me tomorrow the next day.I can speak three languages.She said she could speak three languages.注：若直接引语部分是一种客观事实时，时态不变，如：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.该为间接引语：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(3) 直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。列表如下：直接引语间接引语指示代词this thesethat those时间状语nowtodaytonight this weekyesterdaylast weekthree days ago tomorrownext weekthenthat day that nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week地点状语herethere动词comego(4) 若直接引语为一般疑问句（即倒装语序，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要用连词if或whether。如本单元Selfcheck部分中的第二题中的“She asked me if she could copy my homework.”就是由直接引语“She asked me, can I copy your homework?”变化而来。同时，如下句：She asked her mum, “Can I go with you?”She asked her mum if she could go with her.以上是结合本单元对直接引语与间接引语的变化做了简单的介绍，同学们，你学会了么？做一下下面的题来自我检测一下吧！ 把下列的直接引语改为间接引语：1 He said, “Did you see him yesterday?”2 He said, “The moon moves around the sun.”3 She said, “ Im coming this afternoon”.4 He said, “ I like it very much.”5 She said, “ I have seen the film. It is good.”6 Emily said, “Shall I do that?”7 The waiter asked, “Is there anything else I can do?”8 John asked, “ Do you understand?”9 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”10 He said , “I dont smoke.”1. The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary. ”The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late2. He asked her，“Where are you going?”He asked her _. A. where she were going B. where she was going toC. where she was goingD. where she is going3. The lady said，“I shall go there on time. ”The lady said that _. A. she would come there on time B. she would come here on time C. she would got here on time D. he would got here on time4. He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday. ”He told me he had written to his father _. A. the yesterday B. before today C. the day before D. the next day5. The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus?”The teacher asked _ for the bus. A. if I was waitingB. was I waiting C. you are waiting D. I was waiting6. The professor said that light _ faster than sound. A. travelsB. traveled C. travel D. travelled7. My mother asked me to show my homework to her. My mother said to me，“Show _ homework. ” A. her myB. me yourC. her yourD. me hisKey:强化训练题：ACBCA AB1.He asked if I had seen him the day before. 2.He said that the moon moves around the sun.3.She said that she was going that afternoon 4.He said that he liked it very much.5.She said she had seen the film and it was good. 6.Emily asked if she should do that.7.The waiter asked if there was something else he could do. 8.John asked if I understood.9.He asked if I was a teacher or a student. 10.He said that he didnt smoke.一、直接引语和间接引语的意义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。二、直接引语改为间接引语时连词的使用：1、直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语的连词用that，that可以省略。如：“I have lived in the south for years,” Mrs Duncan said. Mrs Duncan told me (that) she had lived in the south for years. Duncan夫人说她在南方住了许多年。“I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said. She said (that) she would tell him exactly what she thought. 她说她将会告诉他她所想的。2、直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语的连词用if / whether。如：He said，“Are you interested in English?”He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 他问我是否对英语感兴趣。He said，“Did you see him last night?” He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before. 他问我头天晚上是否见到了他。3、直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语的连词用特殊疑问句本身所带的疑问词如when，where，who，why，how，how many，how old等等。如：“What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted. 他问我想要什么。“How can we improve the condition of the soil?” the farmers asked him. The farmers asked him how they could improve the condition of the soil. 农民们询问他如何才能提高土壤的质量。4、直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式用作句子的宾语补足语。如：She said to us，“Please sit down. ”She asked us to sit down. He said，“Dont make so much noise，boys. ”He told the boys not to make so much noise. “Please explain why youre two and a half hours late,” the boss said. The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late. “Dont give up!” Father shouted at him. Father told him in a loud voice not to give up. “Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students. The teacher ordered the students to get everything ready in half an hour. 注主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化，如say说； tell sb. 告诉某人；ask问/请求；suggest建议；order命令等等。四、时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴，间接引语中的时态一般不作变化；但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴，则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态。其规律见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时如：Shes preparing her lessons,” I said. I said that she was preparing her lessons. I said to them，“Hell get excited. ”I told them that he would get excited. He said to me，“Jane spent all her time doing that. ”He told me that Jane had spent all her time doing that. 例外：1、直接引语如果有表示具体过去时间的时间状语（如in 1992,last week）等，在变为间接引语时可以不变。如：My father said to me，“I read the book in 1986. ”My father told me he read the book in 1986. 2、直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，时态可以不变。如：The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun. ”The geography teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun. 五、间接引语中人称代词的变化：要根据句子的意义作相应的变动。其规律是：一主二宾三不变，即第一人称代词指的是句子的主语；第二人称代词指的是句子的宾语；第三人称代词不用变化。如：“I havent brought my dictionary. ” the student said. The student said that he hadnt brought his dictionary. 六、指示代词、时间、地点状语的变化：通常总是由近指改为远指。其规律见下表：直接引语间接引语now（现在）then（那时）ago（以前）before（以前）today（今天）that day（那天）this morning（今天早晨）that morning（那天早晨）yesterday（昨天）the day before（前一天）yesterday morning（昨天早晨）the morning before（前一天早晨）tomorrow（明天）the next/following day;the day after（第二天）last week/month（上星期/上个月）the week/month before（前一个星期/月）next week/month（下星期/上个月）the week/month after（第二个星期/月）the following week/monththis week/month（本星期/本月）that week/month（那个星期/月）here（这儿）there（那儿）如：“Ill come and see you again this evening，Tom. ” he said. He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening. 例外：如果现场转述别人的话或当句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，则勿须改变以上内容。如：“Ill come here again today,” she said. She said that shed come here again today. 七、语序的使用：间接引语中总是使用陈述语序。如：She asked，“What is it? Whats going to happen now?”She asked what it was and what was going to happen then. The boy was wondering，“How does the computer work?”The boy was wondering how the computer worked. He asked me，“Do you study English or French?”He asked me whether I studied English or French. “Its Mary，isnt it?” asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary or not.强化训练题：1. The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary. ”The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late2. He asked her，“Where are you going?”He asked her _. A. where she were going B. where she was going toC. where she was goingD. where she is going3. The lady said，“I shall go there on time. ”The lady said that _. A. she would come there on time B. she would come here on time C. she would got here on time D. he would got here on time4. He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday. ”He told me he had written to hi