实用英语词汇.doc

饭类 稀饭Rice porridge 白饭Plain white rice 糯米饭Glutinous rice 卤肉饭Braised pork rice 蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg 地瓜粥Sweet potato congee 面类 混沌面Wonton & noodles 刀削面Sliced noodles 麻辣面Spicy hot noodles 麻酱面Sesame paste noodles 乌龙面Seafood noodles 榨菜肉丝面Pork, pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles 米粉Rice noodles 炒米粉Fried rice noodles 冬粉Green bean noodle 汤类 鱼丸汤Fish ball soup 肉丸汤Meat ball soup 蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup 蛤蛎汤Clams soup 牡蛎汤Oyster soup 紫菜汤Seaweed soup 酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup 混沌汤Wonton soup 猪肠汤Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤Pork thick soup 鱿鱼汤Squid soup 冰类 地瓜冰Sweet potato ice 红豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰Eight treasures ice 豆花Tofu pudding 果汁 甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice 酸梅汁Plum juice 杨桃汁Star fruit juice 青草汁Herb juice 特色食品 牡蛎煎Oyster omelet 臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐Oily bean curd 麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd 虾片Prawn cracker 虾球Shrimp balls 肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs 水晶饺Pyramid dumplings 肉丸Rice-meat dumplings 豆干Dried tofu 火锅Hot potBeijing duck 烤鸭 Preserved eggs松花蛋 Boiled peanuts煮花生米 Doufu with scallions凉拌豆腐 Stirfried spinach with egg and glass noodles 菠菜鸡蛋炒粉丝 Sweet and wour pork咕噜肉 Stirgried spicy chicken with peanuts and green peppers 宫爆鸡丁 Fried sweet and sour Mandarin fish松鼠鲑鱼 Spicy toufu with pork meat 家常豆腐 Stirfried cabbage in vinegar sauce醋溜白菜 Stirfried shredded pork meat with spring onion京酱肉丝 Stirfried mutton meat with green onion葱爆羊肉 Mongolian hotpot 涮羊肉 Spicy chicken( very hot)辣子鸡 Spicy beancurd with shredded pork meat (hot)麻婆豆腐 Sichuan pickles( hot) 四川泡菜 Pork strips in spicy sweet and sour sauce 鱼香肉丝 Chili water boiled beef (very hot) u 水煮牛肉 Stirfried green beans干煸四季豆 Noodles in spicy sauce (very hot) 担担面 Beef noodles in soup牛肉面 Cold noodles with beef cubes and cucumber in brown sauce炸酱面 Boiled dumplings 饺子 Panfried dumplings锅贴 Steamed buns 馒头 Steamed buns with meat and vegetable filling包子 虚拟语气表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而只是一种愿望，假设或猜测。1. 表示和现在事实相反的假设：He is honest. If he were dishonest， I should not trust him. 他是诚实的。如果他不诚实的话，我就不会信任他。He is not alive. If he were alive today， he would be a hero. 他死了。如果他今天活着的话，他会是个英雄。If there were no air， there would be no living things. 如果没有空气，就没有生物。If there were no gravity， we should not be able to walk. 如果没有引力，我们就不能行走。In fact， I am not there. If I were there， I could solve the problem by myself. 事实上，我没有在那里。如果我在那里的话，我自己就能解决这个问题。2. 表示和过去事实相反的假设：If there had been no air， there would have been no living things. 如果当初没有空气，也就没有生物了。You didnt come here yesterday. If you had come here yesterday， you would have seen him。昨天你没有来。如果昨天你到这里来了的话，你就看见他了。If had not obeyed him， I might have been punished. 要是我那时不服从他的话，我可能受处分。3。和将来事实相反的假设：if从句主 句should+ 动词原形should(would)+ 动词原形were to+动词原形动词过去式If he should be here tomorrow， he would call me up. 万一他明天来这里的话，他会给我打电话的。(来的可能性很小)If it were to rain tomorrow， the match would be cancelled. 万一明天下雨的话，就将取消比赛。(下雨的可能性极小)4。虚拟语气的一些其他用法(1)在动词with， suggest， demand， insist 和order等后面的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气(在用should+动词原形时，should常可省略，而只用动词原形，且用于所有的人称)。例如：I suggest that we (should) repair the machine at once. 我提议我们立刻修这台机器。The leader of the team ordered that all (should) finish the work by supper time. 队长命令晚饭前都必须完成工作。He insisted that all (should) attend the meeting. 他坚持大家都要参加那个会议。(2)在“It is time(that) +从句”的结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示“该做某事了，时间已经有些晚了”的意思。这也是一种虚拟语气。例如：It is time we went to work. 我们该去工作了。(3)在由as if， so that， in order that， as though等引导的状语从句中，也往往用虚拟语气形式。例如Annie treated me exactly as if I were a seeing and hearing child. 安妮对待我就好象我是一个能看能听的孩子似的。The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. 皇帝给了骗子们一些金子以便他们能立刻开始工作。(4)虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It is necessary (natural， strange， important) that等句型中，后面主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”结构。例如：It is strange that he should have been late for the meeting. 真奇怪，他开会迟到了。It is necessary that we should take the box away at once. 我们有必要立即把这只箱子搬走Unit 3 CompaniesObjectives: Learn how to describe a company Reporting key information:n Nationality n Nature of businessn Mission / values /commitment, etc.n Origin or a brief account of its developmentn Market share / sales volume or sales position at presentn Headquarters and branchesn Core products and services or major business activitiesn Employeen How it is operated Use simple language Use simple sentences Focus on your advantages to impress the potential customers or partnersSample 1-Royal Philips (most general)Royal Philips Electronics of the Netherlands is one of the worlds biggest electronics companies and Europes largest, with sales of EUR 32.3 billion in 2002. It is a global leader in color television sets, lighting, electric shavers, medical diagnostic imaging, and one-chip TV products. Its 189,000 employees in more than 60 countries are active in the areas of lighting, consumer electronics, domestic appliances, components, semiconductors, and medical systems. Philips is quoted on the NYSE (symbol: PHG), London, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and other stock exchanges.Sample 2 Royal Dutch/Shell Group (PR)Mission (most general)Royal Dutch/Shell Group is a global energy company. The aim of the Group is to meet the energy needs of society, in ways that are economically, socially and environmentally viable, now and in the future. What We Do (general)Royal Dutch/Shell Group is a company that explores on land and sea to find and produce oil. We are the best suppliers of fuel and lubrication products at filling stations. We also have operations worldwide exploring for and producing gas. And we market gas and power internationally, to consumers and businesses alike. Our chemical products find their way into all sorts of commercial and domestic use, from mobile phones to furniture. And we have rapidly growing businesses in several of the new energy sectors: including hydrogen, solar, geothermal and wind energy.Operation and Employee (general)We operate in over 135 countries, and employ more than 90,000 people. Around the globe, Shell companies work in partnership with industry, government and society to deliver what is expected of us economically, socially and environmentally. Business Activities (specific)Our service activities span the globe. As well as supplying fuel at filling stations, we provide a range of services for consumers, including journey planning, grocery shopping, credit cards, and more. And we support business through management and other services.Sample 3 Bayer Bayer is an international, research-based group active in life science and chemicals.In 1863, Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott established a modest dyeworks by the name of Friedr. Bayer & Co. Today, Bayer AG is a health care and chemicals group represented by some 350 companies employing 117,300 people on all continents. The cornerstones of its business activities are in Europe, North America and the Far East. The headquarters of the Bayer Group is in Leverkusen, Germany. The activities of the Bayer Group are divided into four business segments - Health Care, CropScience, Polymers and Chemicals - which comprise 15 business groups worldwide. We offer our customers a wide variety of products and services in areas ranging from health care and CropScience to plastics and specialty chemicals. With each and every product, Bayer plays its part in improving quality of life all over the world.Our goals are to steadily increase corporate value and generate a high value added for the benefit of our stockholders, our employees and the community in every country in which we operate. We believe that our technical and commercial expertise involves responsibility to work for the common good and contribute to sustainable development.Sample 4 BNPBNP Paribas is a powerful efficient financial services group created through a successful merger, with solid roots in Europe, leading positions in Asia and an active presence in the United States.This business line of BNP Paribas was regularly involved in major long-term financing activities in providing consultancy services for mergers & acquisition, origination, and syndication. Its teams, which now include 300 professionals boasting recognized financial expertise and sector-oriented skills, are in a position to offer original and integrated solutions to medium-sized and major corporations, to governments and international institutions.Sample 5 IPO of OxfordThe International Programmes Office offers a wide range of courses to undergraduates, graduates and continuing education students from around the world. These courses include year-long full-time residential courses as well as shorter programmes of one or two weeks duration. Subjects covered in these courses include topics from law and literature through to archaeology, art history and diplomacy studies. Tutors are drawn from Oxford academic and research staff, and expertise is also recruited from outside the University. Admission requirements vary from programme to programme, but all have a minimum age of 18 years. In the case of those whose first language is not English and who are applying for non-language courses, it is assumed that applicants will have TOEFL 600, CBT TOEFL 250, Cambridge CAE (grade C or above ), or IELTS 6.5, or that they will be of an equivalent level of competence1.重述主题法。在文章的结尾时，从不同角度再次强调开头的主题，做到前后呼应，加深读者的印象。重述主题不是简单的重复，要尽量巧妙地用不同的句式或手法重申主题。如：1) The relationship between a teacher and a student can be either good or bad, helpful or harmful.(opening) In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutually beneficial. It enables the students to gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher satisfaction from his job.(ending)2) In a word, we should realize the harm of fake commodities, and object to their selling in the market. Only in this way can we eliminate them completely from the market.2.概括归纳法。用几个句子概括全文内容来结束文章，会起到突出文章主题的作用。这样可以给读者留下深刻的印象。如：1) Above are three main reasons why the people living in mountainous areas live a long life.2) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that3) Much has been said about. The rights and wrongs of the problem have so far become quite clear. There may be a lot of other similar phenomena in our society today. As long as we keep sharp-sighted, we will always be with the truth.3.反问设问法。结尾可以通过反问或设问来深化主题。这样使文章更具说服力，发人深省。如：1) In conclusion, English is really a very useful instrument to us. Why dont we double our efforts to learn it?2) Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, Why should we not develop this ability as far as possible?3) So, can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health?4.希望号召法。在文章结尾，作者可以根据阐述的主题，提出解决问题的办法，或向人们提出希望，或发出号召、呼吁。如：1) It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of2) It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency3) To understand the problem, it is important for us to take actions. At present, most important of all, we should take measures to keep our water resources under good care. All the resources we have discovered must be protected from pollution. Wasting water should be regarded as a sort of crime.5.解答问题法。作者可以在文章的开头提出问题，在结尾给予解答，前后照应，使文章完整，又突出主题。如：Is there anything to be done?Certainly, wherever possible we should separate non-smokers and smokers and provide ventilation. We do so now on big airplanes. But in most other places, in offices and restaurants, for instance, smokers and non-smokers stay together. There is still a long way to go to protect the non-smokers.6.展望未来法。在文章的结尾提出对将来的一种愿望，这种愿望应该是文章主题的延伸，而不是全新的观点。如：1) Besides these, there is another rule to help ones accomplishments, that is, punctuality. The habit of keeping a regular time is of extreme importance to successful learning. Work when working; play when playing. Every person will certainly succeed if she/he does these.2) From all the reasons above, we know that great changes have taken place in developing countries. And I believe that in the near future, people in these countries would enjoy the most comfortable life that they have ever imagined.7.谚语格言法。谚语、格言可以用于文章的开头，也可以用语文章的结尾。结尾的格言能够强调文章的主题，圆满归纳全文，这样既言简意赅又有很强的说服力。如：1) This lesson tells us that Rome was not built in one day, so we should advance in order and remain patient if we want to achieve our goals in time.2) But once they find a proper job, theyd better stick to it and work hard on it, or they will get nowhere. As an old saying goes,“A rolling stone gathers no moss.”合同翻译香港（上海）服装鞋帽进出口责任有限公司，注册登记地为香港特别行政区（以下简称甲方），现聘用XXX（以下简称乙方）为甲方劳动合同制职工，甲、乙双方本着自愿、平等的原则，经协商一致，特签订本合同，以便共同遵守。 The agreement is entered into between Hong Kong (Shanghai) Garments Import & Export Inc, incorporated in Hong Kong (hereafter referred as “Employer”) and XXX (hereafter referred as “Employee”). The Employer agrees to employ the Employee and the Employee accepts the employment upon the principles of free will and mutual benefits. 第一条 合同期限 1. 合同期限为叁年，从二零零四年四月十八日至二零零五年四月十八日止。其中试用期为五个月。Article I. TERM OF THE AGREEMENT1.The agreement is valid for three years, effecting this day of 18th April, 2000,and expiring the day of 18th April, 2004. The probationary period is available for five months ever since the execution of the agreement. 第二条 工作岗位 1. 甲方有权根据生产经营需要及乙方的能力、表现调整乙方的工作，乙方有反映本人意见的权利，但未经甲方批准，乙方须服从甲方的管理和安排。 2. 乙方应按时，按质，按量完成甲方指派的任务。 Article II. OCCUPATION 1. The Employer shall determine the position of the Employee in consideration of the ability and work performance of the Employee, while the Employee shall have the right to express his concern subject to the final decision of the Employer.2. The Employee shall complete the assigned task duly, timely, efficiently, favorably, conveniently, effectively, satisfactorily, appreciatively 第三条 教育培训 1. 在乙方被聘用期间，甲方负责对乙方进行职业道德、业务技术、及各种规章制度的教育和训练。 Article III. Training1.The Employer should take responsibilities for the education and training of the work ethics, operation skills, rules and regulations during the employment.第四条 工作时间1. 甲方实行每周工作五天，四十小时，每天8小时工作制。上下班时间按甲方规定执行。3. 乙方享有国家规定的法定节假日，婚假，丧假、计划生育假等有薪假日。 3. 甲方确因工作需要乙方加班时，按照上海市和甲方的有关规定给予乙方一定的经济补偿或相应时间的补休。 Article IV. Working Hours and Holiday1. The Employee should work for 8 hours per day from Monday to Friday. The arrival time for work is subject to the Employers prescriptions.2. The Employee is entitled to the personal leaves for legal holidays, weddings, maternity-related provisions with advancement on the salary schedule. 3. The Employer should make the Employee economical compensation or equivalent working leaves , according to the related laws by Shanghai and the set regulations by the Employer, in any need of the Employees overtime work.第五条 劳动报酬1. 按甲方现行工资制度确定乙方月基本工资为6000元。其余各类津贴、奖金等发放按公司规定及经营状况确定。 2. 甲方实行新的工资制度或乙方的工作岗位变动时，乙方的工资待遇按甲方规定予以调整。 Article V. RENUMERATION1. The Employer should furnish the Employee with a base pay of 6000 yuan monthly. The allowance and bonus are subject to the operation of the Employer. 2. An adjustment to the remuneration of the Employee should be available at the discretion of the Employer, when a new salary system is applied, or the position of the Employee shall have any change.第六条 劳动保险和福利待遇 1. 乙方因生、老、病、伤，残、死，甲方按国家和上海市有关规定处理。 2. 甲方按照国家和上海市的有关规定按期为乙方缴纳养老，医疗，失业， 公积金等社会保障。 3. 甲方必须为乙方购买的商业保险，但在保险期内，甲方有权变更或撤消险种。 4. 乙方因病或非因工负伤需治疗的，按照上海市劳动合同规定之规定，给予相应的医疗期。乙方在医疗间的工资待遇、医疗费用等按照国家和上海市及甲方的有关规定处理。 Article VI. LABOR INSURANCE & WALEFARE1. The Employer should be in compliance with the laws set by the country and the regulations drawn by Shanghai in the commencement of the illness, oldness, wound, disability, death of the Employee.2. The Employer should pay duly the Employee for the fee of pensions, health care, unemployment, accumulation fund in line with the set regulations by Shanghai.3. The Employer should buy the Employee the commercial insurance, in the term of which the Employer has the right to change or withdraw the policy of the insurance.4. The Employer should permit the Employee an acceptable time period of sick leave for illness or non-industrial accident, in regard of the Regulation of Laboring Contract by Shanghai. The Employee receives the salary and subsidy for medical treatment in agreement with the relative laws set by the country and Shanghai and the regulations drawn by the Employer. 第七条 劳动纪律1. 乙方应遵守国家的法律、法规及甲方依法规定的各项规章制度。 2. 乙方应遵守甲方规定的工作程序、保密规定等制度。 3. 乙方违反劳动纪律和甲方的规章制度，甲方可按奖惩规定给予处罚，直至解除劳动合同。 Article VII. LABOR DISCIPLINE 1. The Employee should be stick to the laws, legislations of the country and the regulations of the Employer.2. The Employee should be subject to working procedures, confidential regulations.3. The Employer has the right to apply penalty implement or even the cancellation of the labor contract if the Employee violates the labor discipline or the set regulations.第八条 劳动合同的解除与不得解除的规定1. 经甲、乙双方协商一致，劳动合同可以解除。 2. 乙方有下列情形之一的，甲方可以解除合同：（1） 在试用期间，发现不符合录用条件的；（2） 严重违反劳动纪律或者甲方的规章制度的；（3） 严重失职、营私舞弊，对甲方利益造成重大损害的；（4） 被依法追究刑事责任或劳动教养的。 3. 在下列情形之一的，甲方可以解除劳动合同，但是应当提前30日以书面形式通知乙方本人：（1） 乙方患病或者非因工负伤，医疗期满后不能从事原工作，也不能从事由甲方另行安排适当工作的；（2） 乙方不能胜任工作，经过培训或者调整工作岗位，仍不能胜任工作的；（3） 劳动合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化，致使原劳动合同无法履行，经当事人协商不能就变更劳动合同达成协议的；（4） 甲方濒临破产或者生产经营状况发生严重困难，确需裁减人员的。 4. 有下列情形之一的，乙方可以通知甲解除劳动合同：（1） 在试用期内的；（2） 甲方以暴力或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动的；（3） 甲方未按照劳动合同约定支付劳动报酬或提供劳动条件的；（4） 乙方因其它情况需要辞职，需在一个月前以书面形式通知甲方。 5. 乙方有下列情形之一的，甲方不得随意解除劳动合同：（1） 患病或负伤，在规定的医疗期内的；（2） 女职工在孕期、产期、哺乳期内的；（3） 法律、法规、规章规定的其他情形。Art