李改改高中英语冲刺总结.doc

高中英语高考知识讲义 (一)高考英语 常用不规则动词(原形-过去式-过去分词)一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d.AAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid注意：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。二、ABA 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-run come-came-comebecome-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome三、ABB(含规则动词) 原型 过去式 过去分词 例词 :Keep-kept-kept sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-sleptSell-sold-sold tell-told-told Lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent send-sent-sent build-built-built Say-said-said ,pay-paid-paid ,lay laid-laid Burn-burnt-burnt ,learn-learnt-leant ,mean-meant-meanthave (has)-had-had lose-lost-lost feel-felt-felt stand-stood-stoodsit-sat-sat (babysit) shine-shone-shone find-found-foundhang-hung悬挂 (hanged绞死)-hung (hanged) Meet-met-met feed-fed-fed Bring-brought-brought ,buy-bought-bought ,fight-fought-fought Think-thought-thought catch-caught-caught ,teach-taught-taughtleave-left-left make-made-made spell-spelt-spelt win-won-won hold-held-held hear-heard-heard四ABC型。原型 过去式 过去分词 例词 Break-broke-broken - steal-stole-stolen Wear-wore-worn , bear-bore-born ,tear-tore-torn Grow-grew-grown ,blow-blew-blown ,know-knew-known ,Throw-threw-thrown ,draw-drew-drawn fly-flew-flownSink-sank-sunk , swim-swam-swum , drink-drank-drunk ,Ring-rang-rung , sing-sang-sung ,begin-began-begun Drive-drove-driven ,rise-rose-risen , , write-wrote-writtentake-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden rise-rose-risenarise-arose-arisen get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed)lie-lay躺 (lied说谎)-lain (lied)(二) 高考英语要双写末尾辅音字母加-ed的动词一个单词最后一个音节是重读闭音节,它就要双写末尾字母再加-ed. 常见的有：admit - admitted beg - begged dot - dotted drop - dropped fit - fitted hug - hugged plan - planned pat - patted rid - ridded rob - robbed regret - regretted stop - stopped stir - stirred rub - rubbed whip - whipped refer-referred prefer-preferred star-starred scar-scarred(三) 高考英语要双写末尾辅音字母加-ing的动词一般来说 重读闭音节结尾的时候 、以重读闭音节结尾的动词,一般要双写尾字母加-ing,规则是：在重读闭音节里,末尾只有一个辅音字母,辅音字母前只有一个元音字母时,要双写这个辅音字母如：一般我们经常要用的有 sitsitting swim-swimming put-putting get-getting begin-beginning run-running stop-stopping travel-travelling/travel let-letting cut-cutting hit-hitting plan- planning forget-forgetting ,spitting 吐痰, split-splitting分开, shut-shutting, win-winning, shop-shopping , drop-dropping摔，掉 plan-planning , dig-digging 挖, prefer-preferring , step-stepping , trip-tripping 绊倒, set-setting, dip-dipping蘸 mop-mopping拖, nod-nodding 点头, fit-fitting适合 regret-regretting后悔高考英语不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级原级 比较级 最高级good（adj.) better bestwell（adj.and adv.） better bestbad（adj.) worse worstill（adj.) worse worstbadly（adv.） worse worstmany（adj.and adv.) more mostmuch（adj.and adv.) more mostfar（adj.and adv.) farther ,further farthest, furthestlittle(adj.and adv.) less leastold(adj.) older,elder oldest,eldestlate(adj.) later,latter latest,lastclever(原级) cleverer (比较级) cleverest (最高级)happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)注意下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级(表示最高程度和绝对状态) empty, wrong ,prefect, unique ,extreme .excellent ,favorite ,true, right ,correct, extremely(四) 高考英语不规则名词复数【不规则名词】1）名词复数的不规则变化child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a pers on，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼【不可数名词】1、最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic 2、其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作） (五) 名词复数变化规则1.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数（1）加s，如：belief-beliefsroof-roofsgulf-gulfs chiefchiefs （2）去f，fe加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveslife-liveswolf-wolvesthief-thievesself-selveswife-wivesshelf-shelves歌诀记忆：妻子骑牛拿起刀, wife-wives; calf-calves; knife-knives;追得贼狼满街跑; thief-thieves; wolf-wolves碰倒架子丧己命, shelf-shelves; self-selves; life-lives手帕树叶半空飘. handkerchief-handkerchiefs,leaf-leaves half-halves 2.以O结尾的英语名词变复数以O结尾的词，一般指有生命力的，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes, 但：,bamboos竹子,kangaroos袋鼠注意:但下面几类词只加s：以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词如:videos,radios,studios,zoos一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,solos独唱，独奏,tobaccos烟草，烟叶,mottos,格言，箴言3.表示“国家”的名词变复数Chinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenGerman-GermansRussian-RussiansIndian-IndiansCanadian-CanadiansAmerican-Americans歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余后面（如German等）加s。 4.以复数形式出现的名词scissors剪刀goods货物trousers/pants/shorts裤子clothes衣服glasses眼镜 .由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数如：man worker-men workers（男工人）woman doctor-women doctors（女医生） .以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。例如：baby-babiescity-citiesstory-storiesparty-partieslady-ladiesdiary-diariesarmy-armiescentury-centuriescopy-copies .以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加es，如：class-classesbox-boxeswatch-watchesspeech-speechesbus-busesbrush-brushes bench-benchesbeach-beachesboss-bosses church-churches注意；如果ch发/k/的音,就直接加s；其它情况要加es.补充：如：stomach-stomachs .其他不规则变化man-menwoman-womengoose-geesefoot-feettooth-teethchild-childrenfish-fishdeer-deersheep-sheepmouse-micefisherman-fishermen歌诀记忆：男人（man）女人（woman）a变e，鹅（goose）足（foot）牙（tooth）oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）鹿（deer）绵羊（sheep）不用变。注fish指鱼的种类时，要加上es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。(六) 英语中常用的带有介词to的动词短语be / get / become used to 习惯于 be given to 喜欢；癖好be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被录取；准进入be reduced to 沦为 reduceto使沦为be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应be known to 为所知 be married to 和结be sentenced to被判处be connected to 和连在一起 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受be compared to 被比喻成compare to把比作 be engaged to 与订婚be / become / get accustomed to / accustomed to 惯于；有习惯be engaged to 与订婚 get down to 着手做lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成put ones mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望 stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 attend to 专心；注意；照料see to 负责；注意 contribute to对作贡献；有助于make contributions to对作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于come close to几乎；将近 reply to 回答add to 增加 add up to 加起来in addition to除之外 turn to转向；求助于feel up to 能胜任于 look up to 尊敬admit to承认 belong to 属于take to 喜爱；开始 cling to 附着fall to 开始 respond to 回答；对作出回应accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于 amount to等于prefer to更喜欢 set an example to 给树立榜样refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事）prefer to更喜欢 take / make a trip to到地方去jointo把和 连接起来 turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻 show honor to 向表示敬意put an end to(bring to an end) 结束 set fire to 放火烧drink (a toast) to 为干杯（ 七）派生词英语派生词归纳（参照普通高中英语课程标准词汇表）一、根据提示写出下列单词的派生词序号词根nounadj.adv.noun(指人)opposite(反)1ableabilityableunable2vary v.variousvariously3admire v.admirationadmirable4agreeagreementdisagree5likealikeunlike6amazeamazementamazing / amazed7amuseamusementamusing / amused8angryangerangrily9anxiousanxietyanxiously10appearappearancedisappear11applyapplicationapplicant12assistassistanceassistant13attractattractionattractive14beautybeautifulbeautifully15usualusuallyunusual16believebeliefbelievableunbelievable17useusefuluseless18bravebraverybravely19breathbreathebreathless20carecarefulcarefullycareless21chemistrychemicalchemist22comfortcomfortablecomfortably23competecompetitioncompetentcompetitor24contradictcontradictioncontradictory25cookcookercook26correctcorrectioncorrectly27translatetranslationtranslator28diedeathdeaddeadly29deepdepthdeeply30devotedevotiondevoted31differdifferencedifferent32courageencouragediscourage33educateeducationeducator34electricelectricityelectrical35employemployment / unemploymentemployer / employee36certaincertainlyuncertain37exactexactly38fairfairnessunfair39fortunefortunatefortunatelyunfortunate40freefreedomfreely41friendfriendshipfriendly42governgovernmentgovernor43graduategraduationgraduate44guideguidanceguide45happyhappinesshappilyunhappy46harmharmfulharmless47helphelpfulhelpless48hopehopefulhopefullyhopeless49immigrateimmigrationimmigrant50possiblepossibilityimpossible51inventinventioninventor52kindkindnesskindlyunkind53tourtourismtourist54luckluckyluckilyunluckily55managemanagementmanager56musicmusicalmusician57nationnationalitynational58organizeorganizationorganizer59paintpaintingpainter60patientpatiencepatiently61performperformanceperformer62personpersonalpersonally63photographphotographyphotographer64physicsphysicalphysicist65pleasurepleased / pleasant66politicspoliticalpolitician67practisepracticepractical68produceproductionproduct (产品)69properproperly70qualifyqualificationqualified71realrealityrealize / realize (v.)really72receivereceptionreceiver73relaterelationrelative74truetruthtruly75sadsadnesssadly76safesafetysafely77satisfy satisfactionsatisfactory / satisfied / satisfying78sciencescientificscientist79separateseparationseparated80serveserviceservant81typetypewritertypist82silentsilencesilently83simplesimplifysimply84smokesmoker85socialsocietysocialist86speakspeechspeaker87specialspeciallyspecialist88willingwillingnessunwilling89succeedsuccesssuccessfulsuccessfully90suddensuddenly91sunsunshinesunny92tastetastytasteless93actactionactiveactor / actressstrongstrengthstrengthenstrongly二、写出下列单词的名词1. absent - absence2. accurate - accuracy3. achieve - achievement4. adjust - adjustment5. admit - admission6. affect - effect7. advertise - advertisement8. advise - advertisement9. agent - agency10. analyse - analysis11. apologize - apology12. announce - announcement13. appreciate - appreciation14. argue - argument15. arrange - arrangement16. arrive - arrival17. assess - assessment18. associate - association19. assume - assumption20. bleed - blood21. blind - blindness22. build - building23. celebrate - celebration24. behave - behavior25. child - childhood26. choose - choice 27. collect - collection28. communicate - communication29. conclude - conclusion30. congratulate - congratulation31. connect - connection32. construct - construction33. contain - container34. contribute - contribution35. convenient - convenience 36. decide - decision 37. decorate - decoration38. defend - defendence39.describe- description 40. develop - description41. difficult - difficulty42. disabled - disability43. distant - distance44. enter - entrance45. equal - equality46. equip - equipment47. evident - evidence48. examine - examination 49. exist - existence50. expect - expectation51. explain - explanation52. express - expression53. greet - greeting54. grow - growth55. fail - failure56. feel - feeling57. hungry - hunger58. imagine - imagination59. ill - illness60.important-importance61. impress - impression62. independent - independence63. inform - information64. instruct - instruction65. intelligent - intelligence66. introduce - introduction67. invite - invitation 68. judge - judgement69. laugh - laughter70. lose - loss71. marry - marriage72. mean - meaning73. mix - mixture74. move - movement75. occupy - occupation76. open - opening77. operate - operation78. permit - permission79.pollute - pollution80. press - pressure81. proud - pride82. prepare - preparation83. pronounce - pronunciation84. protect - protection85. punish - punishment 86. record - recorder(机器)87. require - requirement 88. responsible - responsibility89.review-review90. reserve - reservation91. secure - security92. shave - shaver93. shop - shopping 94. sick - sickness95. spell - spelling96. starve - starvation97. suggest - suggestion98. survive - survival99. tense - tension100. think - thought101. train - training102. treat - treatment103. violent - violence lo4. warm - warmth105. weigh - weight106. wise - wisdom107. young - youth108. know - knowledge 109. across - cross110. confident - confidence111. appoint - appointment 112. slave - slavery113. birth - birthplace /birthday114. social - socialism 115. weak - weakness116. sharp - sharpener 117. dark - darkness118. long - length 三、写出下列单词的形容词1. centre - central2. challenge - challenging 3. change - changeable / changeful4. cheer - cheerful5. cloud - cloudy6. day - daily7. danger - dangerous8. delight - delighted9. disturb - disturbing10. dust - dusty11. east - eastern 12. west - western13. south - southern14. north - northern15. energy - energetic16. enjoy - enjoyable17. end - endless18. bear -unbearable19. agriculture -agricultural20. face - facial21. fantasy - fantastic22. fool - foolish23. forget - forgetful24. gold - golden25. health - healthy26. humor - humorous27. love - lovely 28. mistake - mistaken29. nature - natural30. noise - noisy31. pain - painful32. peace - peaceful33. poison - poisonous34. power - powerful35. race - racial36. rain - rainy37. reason - reasonable38. religion - religious39. salt - salty40. self - selfish41. skill - skilled / skillful42. snow - snowy43. suit - suitable44. technique - technical45. tradition - traditional46. trouble - troublesome47. thank - thankful48. universe - universal49. value - valuable50. wealth - wealthy51. week - weekly52. wind - windy53. wool - woolen54. world - worldwide55. benefit - beneficial56. sleep - sleepy / asleep四、写出下列单词的动词1. ba