成考复习第一部分专题一名词.doc

专题一：名词与主谓一致：名词定义、分类（单复数）、所有格、常用修饰语，主谓一致三原则。1.1名词 None1.1.1 Definition of the None 名词的定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。 如：fire火，water水，milk牛奶，classroom教室，flower花等等名词表示具体的东西；如：freedom自由, fun乐趣, health健康, happiness幸福, anger生气, value价值等等表示抽象东西的词都是名词。Exercise: 一、Write the corresponding nouns as required 按要求写出相应名词。1、animals 动物类 Eg:dog 狗 2、jobs 工作类 Eg: teacher 老师 3、food 食品类 Eg: rice 大米 4、places 地点类 Eg: factory 工厂 5、vehicles 交通工具类 Eg:car 汽车 二、Mark all the nouns with “”. 用“”标出所有表示名词的单词。1.shop( ) 2.bookstore( ) 3.second( ) 4.cheap( )5.Small( ) 6.snowy( ) 7.clothes( ) 8.plane( )9.beautiful( ) 10.heavy( ) 11.winter( ) 12.manager( )13.swim( ) 14.are( ) 15.emotion( ) 16.football( )17.TV( ) 18.magazine( ) 19.Monday( ) 20.something( )21.bed( ) 22.you( ) 23.should( ) 24.university( ）25.Where( ) 26.favorite( ) 27.young( ) 28.stewardess( )1.1.2 Classification of Nouns 名词的分类类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体Pen, student, desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体School, family, class不可数名词物质名词表示气体、液体、粉状、材料等的名词Tea, water, paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Work, time, news专有名词某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great Wall, Party英语中普通名词可分为可数与不可数两类。可数名词有单复数之分，不可数名词无此划分。可数名词由单数变为复数的规则变化：情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加 -sdeskdesksmapmaps-s 在清辅音后发 /s/daydaysgirlgirls-s 在元音和浊辅音后发 /z/以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词在词尾加 -esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesfishfishes-es 发 /iz/ 音以辅音字母加 -y结尾的词变y为i再加 -esfamilyfamiliesfactoryfactoriespartypatries-ies 发 /iz/ 音以元音字母加 -y结尾的词在词尾加 -sdaydaysboyboyskeykeys-s 发 /z/ 音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加 -esknifekniveslifeliveswifewiveshalfhalves-ves发 /vz/音以-o 结尾的词，有生命的事物在词尾加 -espotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes-es 发 /z/ 音以-o结尾的词，无生命的事物在词尾加 -sradioradioszoozoos-s 发 /z/音名词变复数不规则变化一、元音发生变化（6个）汉语1、footfut feetfi:t脚2、manmn menmen男人3、mousemaus micemais老鼠4、womanwumn womenwimin女人5、goosegu:s geesegi:s鹅6、toothtu: teethti:牙二、词尾发生变化（1个）汉语1、childtaild childrentildrn孩子三、单数、复数形式不变（7个）汉语1、deerdi deerdi鹿2、fishfi fishfi鱼3、sheepi:p sheepi:p绵羊4、peoplepi:pl peoplepi:pl人注：当people翻译为人时，单复数同，若出现peoples时 就应翻译为民族或部落。例：two peoples 两个民族（两个部落）注：fish指鱼的种类时，要加上es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。5、Chinesetaini:z Chinesetaini:z中国人；汉语6、Japanese.dpni:z Japanese.dpni:z日本人；日语7、Vietnamesevjetnmi:z Vietnamesevjetnmi:zn.越南人；adj.越南的、越南人注：以ese结尾的表示国籍的名词，单数、复数一样；其它表示国籍的名词都按正常规划变化四、只有复数的名词（8个）汉语1、clotheskluz clotheskluz衣服2、compasseskmpsiz compasseskmpsiz圆规3、glassesgl:siz glassesgl:siz眼镜4、pantspnts pantspnts裤子（内裤）5、scissorssizz scissorssizz剪子6、trouserstrauzz trouserstrauzz裤子7、spectaclesspektklz spectaclesspektklz老花镜8、shorts:ts shorts:ts短裤五、物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，例如：a glass of water一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a pair of glasses一副眼镜合成名词变成复数时一、第一个或最后一个词变成复数（7个）汉语1、girl friendg:lfrend girl friendsg:lfrend(s) 女朋友2、boy friend boy friends男朋友3、grown-up grown-ups成年人4、highway highways公路5、passer-by passers-by过路人6、son-in-law sons-in-law女婿7、daughter-in-law daughters-in-law儿媳二、构成合成名词的两个词都要变为复数(8个）汉语1、man doctor men doctors男医生2、woman doctor women doctors女医生3、man servants:vnt men servants男仆人4、woman servant women servants女仆人5、man teacher men teachers男老师6、woman teacher women teachers女老师7、man driver men drivers男司机8、woman driver women drivers女司机Exercise: 1、 Fill the blanks with the given nouns in their right forms.填入所给名词的正确形式。1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child)6 I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)7 Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)9 He caught two _.One is big, the other is small.( mouse)10 Two _ live in this building .( family )二、Choose the correct answers. 选出正确的答案。1. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys2. How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato 3. There are some _ in these _. A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-box D.knivespencil-boxes4. There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs5. _ are good for our health.A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato6. I like to eat cake with _.A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys7. _ and _ are not friends.A. Foxswolfs B. Foxeswolfs C. Foxeswolves8. Do you want to drink much ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks9. Mr Smith always has _ to tell us.A.some good pieces of news B.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newes D.some piece of good news10. Do you want some for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos11. In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground. A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves12. My sister has two . One is old，the other is new. A、a watch B、watchs C、watches13.There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos14. Some of our teachers are . A. Woman teacher B.woman teachers C.women teacher D.women teachers15. There two in the box.A. Is, watch B. Are, watches C. are ,watch D. Is, watches16. My mother bought some_ for my birthday party yesterday.A.apple B.banana C.orange D.meat17. - Oh，there isnt enough_ for us in the lift.- No hurry.Lets wait for the next.A.ground B.floor C.place D.room18. - whats your favorite_?- Oranges.A.color B.fruit C.juice D.vegetable19. Please pass us _. A.two glass of milk B.two glass of milks C.two glasses of milks D.two glasses of milk 20. These Germans want to have some _ or supper，so they decide to catch_now.A.fish；many B.fishes；much C.fish；much D.fishes；many三、Choose the right word form. 选择正确的词形。1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).4 I dont want (a, an) old cup.5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.四、Exchange the singular form sentences and the plural ones.将以下单复数句进行转换。1 This is a knife. _2 That is a tomato. _3 That child is very good._4. These are mice. _5. Those are children. _5、 Translate the Chinese into English. 将下列词组译成英语. 两箱书 四篮子鸡蛋 三副眼镜 女医生们 一条裤子 两杯牛奶 十滴红墨水(drop, ink） 一组队员 一块蛋糕 两排大树 六、Write down the plural form of the following words.写出下列单词的复数。 I _him _this _her _man_watch _child _photo _diary _woman_day_ foot_ book_ dress _paper_ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ juice_ thief _month _peach_ sandwich _tomato 1.1.3 Possessive Nouns 名词所有格 在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以在后边加s表示所属关系，名词的这种形式被称之为名词的所有格。常见的名词所有格的构成有哪些呢？请看：分类规 则例 词s所有格单数名词在末尾加sthe girls mother 那个女孩的妈妈Wang Meis ruler王梅的尺子以s结尾的可数名词复数，在末尾加sTeachers Day 教师节the studentsbooks学生们的书以s结尾的人名，在末尾加s或是Dickenss / Dickens novels狄更斯的小说表示各自的所有关系，各名词末尾均须加sLucys and Lilys bikes露西和莉莉的自行车表示共同所有关系时，最后一词末尾加sluck and Lilys bedroom露西和莉莉的卧室表示“某人家”、“某店铺”，所有格后的名词省略my uncles我叔叔家the butchers 肉店of所有格“名词+of+名词”构成of所有格the window of the room这个房间的窗户the life of the rich 有钱人的生活双重所有格在同一名词词组中同时具备s以及of两种所有格a friend of my fathers我爸爸的一个朋友 Exercise:1、 Choose the correct answers. 选出正确的答案。（ ）1. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? A. 20 years B. 20 years C. 20-years D. 20-years（ ）2. This is a _ bike. _ is over there. A. visitors; My B. visitors; Mine C. visitor; My（ ）3. Wang Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctors C. doctors D. doctor（ ）4. This is _ , and I borrowed it two days ago. A. a picture of Mr. Cox B. a picture of Mr. Coxs C. a Mr. Cox picture D. Mr. Coxs pictures（ ）5. These are _ books. Li Ming bought some at this bookstore and Brain bought some at that bookstore. A. Li Mings and Brain B. Li Ming and Brains C. Li Mings and Brain D. Li Mings and Brains（ ）6. He is _ . A. one student of my mother B. one of my mothers student C. my mothers students D. one student of my mothers（ ）7. Its about _ from my home to our school. A. thirty minutes walk B. walk of thirty minutes C. walk of thirty minutes D. thirty minutes walk（ ）8. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind. A. womans B. womens C. womens D. womans2、 Complete the sentences according to the Chinese.根据中文意思补全句子。1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open _(教室的门).12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室). 20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.三、Choose the right answers. 选出正确答案。1. Thisis(Judy,Judys)petkitten.2. Thatis(Tom,Toms)newbike.3.Isthat(Suyens,Suyen)father?4.That(girls,girl)dressispretty.5.Murongsteppedonthe(cat,cats)tail.四、Find out the mistake and correct it.找出句中的错误并改正。1. ThisisMeilissasdog._2. Peterspencilsareinthebox._3. ThePuppyscollarhasamanetagonit._4. Thechildrensbagsareinthebus._5. ThoseareJohnsmarbles,notTom._1.1.4 Common Adjective Modifier of Nouns 名词的常用修饰语 （1）、修饰可数名词的常用修饰语 有：these,those,few,a few,many, a good great many, a great good number of 等，例如： Few people would agree with this. 很少人会同意这种看法。 He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。（2）修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语 有：this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 等，例如： I have little time to do it. 我没什么时间来做此事。 He didnt give me much money. 他没给我很多钱。 A great deal of money is spent on research. 研究工作上花了许多钱。 （3）修饰(不)可数名词的常用修饰语 有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of 等，例如： You neednt hurry. Theres plenty of time. 你不必着急。时间多着哩。 There are plenty of men out of work. 失业的人很多。 We need a quantity of baskets. 我们需要一批篮子。 He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk. 他在牛奶中放了少量的糖。Exercise:1、 Fill the blanks with the right word. 用正确的单词填空。1、Now I am feeling (many,much) better.2、I have (a little, a few) time. I can finish it.3、Could you let me have (some,any) coffee?4、It seems that (something,anything)important has happened.5、There isnt (many,much) water in the bottle. 2、 Change the sentences. 改句子。1、I have some tea here.（改否定句） 2、 Doyouhaveanyfriendsatschool? （改肯定句） 3、 IhavesomeEnglishbooks. （改一般疑问句） 3、 Translate the sentences into English.把下列句子翻译成英语。1、 教室里有多少个学生？ 2、我们在道路两边种了很多树。 3、你有问题吗？ 4、我没有足够的时间。 5、天空中的那些事什么东西？ 1.1.5 Subject-verb Agreement 主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。另：(1) 、如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A number of students are going to visit this place of interest. The number of the students is over 800. （2）“the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 Exercise:一、Choose the correct answers. 选出正确的答案。1、Is there anybody in the classroom ?No, the teacher, together with the students _ to the playground.A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone2. Are these your sheep ?No. Mine _ on grass at the foot of the hill.A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.A. was B. are C. were D. there was4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _ going to Japan next week.A. are B. is C. will be D. would be5. Not the teacher but the students _ excited.A. is B. has C. are D. have6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. are B. was C. is D. were7. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifth