“大五星”枇杷论文：“大五星”枇杷果实采前发育规律及臭氧抑制炭疽病保鲜效果研究.doc

“大五星”枇杷论文：“大五星”枇杷果实采前发育规律及臭氧抑制炭疽病保鲜效果研究【中文摘要】”大五星”枇杷系四川省成都市龙泉驿区通过实生选种而育成的优质品种,因品质优果形大、外观美,素有枇杷之王的美誉。病虫害防治滞后,贮运技术落后严重制约了枇杷产业的发展。到目前为止,对“大五星”枇杷炭疽病发生发展规律和贮藏技术的相关研究鲜有报道。本文对“大五星”枇杷采后侵染性病害进行了病原菌分离、鉴定；研究了病原菌对“大五星”枇杷采后品质及生理的影响,进行了臭氧贮藏保鲜技术的初步研究。研究结果如下：1枇杷果实发育的生理特性仁寿县、龙泉驿区的“大五星”枇杷单果重的变化呈现出典型的“S”型曲线,雅安市的“大五星”枇杷单果重平稳增加；随着果实的发育,三地“大五星”枇杷的硬度、维生素C含量、木质素含量不断降低；可溶性固形物和总糖的浓度逐渐升高；可滴定酸浓度的变化呈现出先升高后降低的“钟形”曲线。2臭氧对“大五星”枇杷贮藏保鲜效果的影响臭氧处理对“大五星”枇杷采后保鲜贮藏有一定的作用,150 mg/m3效果最好；过高浓度200mg/m3会对“大五星”枇杷果实造成损害。100mg/m3和150mg/m3臭氧处理能够有效控制细胞膜透性的增大、木质素和MDA含量的积累,并能够抑制POD、PAL、PPO的活性；200mg/m3臭氧处理能有效抑制PPO活性,但对其它测定指标没有影响。3接种炭疽病菌对枇杷采后品质及酶活性的影响接种炭疽菌改变了枇杷果实采后的正常代谢,果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C的含量都迅速下降,糖酸比变小；诱导了枇杷果实内POD、PAL活性增强；PPO、PG活性先迅速增强后急剧减弱。4臭氧对枇杷炭疽病菌的抑制臭氧对枇杷炭疽菌有抑制作用,在供试浓度范围内,臭氧浓度越大,平板抑制效果越好。但是应用于果实上,并不是臭氧浓度越大效果越好,150mg/m3臭氧处理组的贮藏效果优于200mg/m3臭氧处理组,高浓度的臭氧处理会使枇杷较早的失去商品价值和营养价值。【英文摘要】”Dawuxing” loquat fruit is a type of loquat bred from natural seletion in Longquanyi District in Chengdu, Sichuan Provence. It is called “Loquat King” with its good quality, fruit large and beauty.post-harvest diseases, poor storage and transportation technology serious restrict development of loquat industry. However, there is not any report about the development of loquat anthrax and how to prevent or control post-harvest diseases and valid storage technology of “Dawuxing” loquat fruit.In this paper, post-harvest pathogens isolation and identification of infective disease of loquat were firstly studied. The effect of pathogens on qualities and physiology of loquat fruit and ozone on colony growth of pathogens (in-vitro) and the qualities of loquat fruit during storage were also investigated. The main results are as following:1 Physiological characteristics of development of the loquat fruitsThe fruit weight of “Dawuxing” loquat fruits of Renshou County and Longquanyi District increased with a “S”curve; the weight of “Dawuxing” loquat fruits of Yaan City increases smoothly. With the development of “Dawuxing” loquat fruits in all the three places, firmness, Vc content, lignin content of fruit are constantly lowered. TSS content and total sugar content are gradually increased.The changing curve of TA content shaped like a kind of “normal curve” with the growth of fruit.2 Effects of ozone on storage and preservation of “Dawuxing” loquat fruitOzone treatment with 100mg/m3played a role in storage and preservation of “Dawuxing”loquat fruits; the effect of ozone treatment with 150mg/m3was better; but too high ozone concentration (200mg/m3) treatment did damage to”Dawuxing”loquat fruits, ozone treatment with 100 mg/m3and 150 mg/m3 played a important role in controlling cell membrane permeability, lignin and MDA content, POD activity, PAL activity, PPO activity. The ozone concentration of 150 mg/m3 was more effective in comparison with 100 mg/m3.Too high ozone concentration (200mg/m3) treatment effective controlled PPO activity, but had no influence on other indexes.3 Effect of anthrax on quality and enzymes activity of postharvest loquat fruitThe normal metabolism of postharvest loquat fruit was changed. The firmness of fruit, total suspended solids content, soluble sugar content, Vc content were coming down fast, titrable acidity content rose sharply, there was a decrease in sugar-acidratio. Besides, POD、PAL activity were increased and PPO、PG activity were increased and then sharply decreased.4 Effects of ozone on inhibition of loquat anthraxOzone can inhibit anthrax spread, the higher the concentration of ozone the better effect of the inhibition. After loquat fruits with loquat anthrax are processed by ozone, the higher the concentration of ozone the better effect of the storage is not true. The effect of ozone treatment with 150mg/m3was better than 200mg/m3.Too high ozone concentration (200mg/m3) treatment does damage to “Dawuxing” loquat fruits, causing loquat to lose commodity value untimely.【关键词】”大五星”枇杷 生理特性 臭氧 炭疽病【英文关键词】”Dawuxing” loquat fruit physiological characteristics ozone anthracnose【目录】”大五星”枇杷果实采前发育规律及臭氧抑制炭疽病保鲜效果研究摘要5-6Abstract6-71 文献综述11-201.1 概述111.2 枇杷发育生理特性研究现状11-131.2.1 生长曲线与发育期11-121.2.2 营养成分的积累12-131.2.3 几种酶活性的变化131.3 枇杷贮藏保鲜技术研究现状13-161.3.1 冷藏保鲜13-141.3.2 化学试剂保鲜14-151.3.3 气调保鲜151.3.4 臭氧保鲜15-161.4 臭氧保鲜技术的应用16-181.4.1 消毒杀菌161.4.2 对有害气体的降解作用16-171.4.3 对果蔬生理代谢的影响171.4.4 对农残的降解作用171.4.5 诱导果蔬产生抗病性17-181.5 枇杷炭疽病及其防治的研究现状18-191.5.1 采前处理18-191.5.2 采后处理191.6 本研究目的及意义19-202 材料与方法20-232.1 试验材料202.1.1 “大五星”枇杷发育过程中生理特性的研究202.1.2 臭氧对”大五星”枇杷贮藏保鲜效果的研究202.1.3 枇杷炭疽病防治方法的研究202.2 主要设备和试剂20-212.2.1 主要设备202.2.2 主要试剂20-212.3 实验方法21-222.3.1 “大五星”枇杷果实发育过程中生理特性的研究212.3.2 臭氧对”大五星”枇杷贮藏保鲜效果的影响212.3.3 接种炭疽病菌对枇杷采后品质及酶活性的影响21-222.3.4 臭氧对炭疽病菌的平板抑菌效果222.4 检测项目和方法22-232.4.1 硬度222.4.2 可溶性固形物含量222.4.3 可滴定酸含量222.4.4 可溶性糖含量22-232.4.5 维生素C含量232.4.6 木质素含量232.4.7 细胞膜透性232.4.8 腐烂指数232.4.9 MDA含量232.4.10 几种生物酶活性232.5 统计分析方法233 结果与分析23-443.1 不同地区”大五星”枇杷发育过程生理特性的研究23-263.1.1 枇杷果实发育过程中单果重的变化23-243.1.2 枇杷果实发育过程中硬度的变化243.1.3 枇杷果实发育过程中可溶性固形物浓度的变化243.1.4 枇杷果实发育过程中可滴定酸、总糖、维生素C含量的变化24-263.1.5 枇杷果实发育过程中木质素含量的变化263.2 臭氧对”大五星”枇杷贮藏保鲜效果的研究26-353.2.1 臭氧对”大五星”枇杷品质指标的影响26-313.2.2 臭氧对”大五星”枇杷细胞膜透性、MDA含量及酶活性的影响31-343.2.3 臭氧对”大五星”枇杷腐烂率和货架期的影响34-353.3 臭氧对枇杷炭疽菌病害抑制效果的研究35-4