词汇学素材.doc

Fus /fund-Confuse -to mix up, to make less clearThere is the view that poetry should improve your life. I think people confuse it with the Salvation Army.-John Ashbery1)US university graduate creates ScareMail to confuse NSA snooping tool.来自词源词典literal sense mix or mingle things so as to render the elements indistinguishable; attested from mid-18c. in active, figurative sense of discomfit in mind or feeling;2）Zoo bans animal-print clothes that confuse animalsIf you plan to take a trip to a British zoo in the near future, leave your leopard leggings and hyena hat at home. TheChessington World of Adventures Resort near London recently announced that it will no longer allow guests to wear animal prints because the patterns confuse the animals.On the zoosAfrican safari ride, visitors tour an outdoor park in a jeep-like vehicle, viewing giraffes, flamingos, antelope and rhinos up close. Theres no glass between the visitors and the animals, which is both exciting and problematic3） Planet poseurs could confuse the search for extraterrestrial life。An artists impression of the planetary system around the M dwarf Gliese 581. Scientists studying other M dwarf stars have found that the stars could affect their planets in unique ways.ESOThats the caution from a team of astronomers arguing that ultraviolet radiation from a planets host star can trigger the formation of key atmospheric gases, raising them to levels that could be misconstrued as signaling life, even though the planet is lifeless.The findings could be of significant importance in the coming years as two new space telescopes search for planets potentially capable of harboring life.4） Dont Ever Confuse Legislation Like Obamacare With Actual Problem SolvingDiffuse-to pour out or awayAmerica, Russia Agree on Syrian Chemical Weapons DealSecretary of State John Kerry helps work out deal to diffuse the situation in Syria.Gossip is a sort of smoke that comes from the dirty tobacco-pipes of those who diffuse it: it proves nothing but the bad taste of the smoker. George EliotAnti- againstAntisocialMost youths are concerned about other peoples feelings, they feel bad or guilty when they have done something wrong and they adhere to social rules. A small group of youths, however, does not. These youths express psychopathic personality traits that are associated with adult psychopathy, Eg: a serious personality disorder that is linked with antisocial behavior and criminality.短语Antisocial behaviorPeople with antisocial behavior often have trouble staying out of trouble with the law.Recognizing Antisocial Behavior in ChildrenChildren or adolescents with conduct disorder will typically show three or more of the following signs consistently in their personality traits:Behaves impulsively, thoughtlessly jeopardizing the safety of himself and others.Is manipulative, and lies or cons his way through situations.Does not follow rules, and enjoys breaking the law.Borrows money with no intention of repaying it.Steals.Is overly aggressive, often picking fights.Is willing to hurt others emotionally or physically without showing remorse.Is arrogant and overly confident.Likes to set fires.Is cruel to animalsAnti- has two meanings1) of/belonging to the hypothetical(假设的，假定的) world consisting of antimatter(反物质)(the counterpart of ordinary matter)Antineutron-反中子the antiparticle of the neutron, having zero charge and the same mass and spin of a neutron but with an opposite magnetic moment.Antiproton-反质子antiproton, subatomic particle of the same mass as a proton but having a negative electric charge and oppositely directed magnetic moment. It is the protons antiparticle. Antiprotons were first produced and identified in 1955 by Emilio Segr, Owen Chamberlain (for which they received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1959),The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959Eg: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 was awarded jointly to Emilio Gino Segr and Owen Chamberlain for their discovery of the antiproton2) which rejects or reverses the traditional characteristics ofAntihero-a protagonist of a drama or narrative who is notably lacking in heroic qualities. This type of character has appeared in literature since the time of the Greek dramatists and can be found in the literary works of all nations. Examples include the title characters of Miguel de Cervantes(塞万提斯)s Don Quixote堂吉诃德(Part I, 1605; Part II, 1615) and Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁s Tom Jones (1749). 汤姆琼斯，通过一个弃儿的身世，讽刺和抨击当时贵族资产阶级社会的庸俗、虚伪和道德败坏。Some examples of the modern, postwar antihero, as defined by the Angry Young Men, include Joe Lampton, in John Braines Room at the Top (1957), and Arthur Seaton, in Alan Sillitoes Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1958).Antibiotic-The Greek word anti means against, and the Greek word bios means life (bacteria are life forms). Penicillin（盘尼西宁/青霉素） Amoxicillin阿莫西林 erythromycin 红霉素词源As a noun, first recorded 1941 in works of U.S. microbiologist Selman Waksman (1888-1973), discoverer of streptomycin.英streptmasn美strptmasnn.链霉素提起抗生素，今天可能没有人不知道。得了肺炎，用青霉素或者其他抗生素可以很快治疗好；伤口发炎，常常也要用抗生素。的确，人类战胜疾病，特别是与致病微生物的感染作斗争，抗生素起到并且还在发挥着重要作用。有人估计，由于抗生素的发明，全人类的平均寿命增加了10岁。Antibiotic / Antimicrobial ResistanceWHO has selected combating antimicrobial resistance as the theme for World Health Day 2011. 世卫组织把“抵御抗菌素耐药性”选为2011年世界卫生日的主题。What are antibiotics for? An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an infection caused by bacteria. Antibiotics target microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and parasites. However, they are not effective against viruses. If you have an infection it is important to know whether it is caused by bacteria or a virus. Most upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold and sore throats are generally caused by viruses - antibiotics do not work against these viruses. If antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly there is a chance that the bacteria will become resistant - the antibiotic becomes less effective against that type of bacterium. A broad-spectrum antibiotic can be used to treat a wide range of infections. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is only effective against a few types of bacteria. There are antibiotics that attack aerobic bacteria, while others work against anaerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria need oxygen, while anaerobic bacteria dont. Antibiotics may be given beforehand, to prevent infection, as might be the case before surgery. This is called prophylactic use of antibiotics. They are commonly used before bowel and orthopedic surgery. What are the side-effects of antibiotics? Below is a list of the most common side-effects of antibiotics:Diarrhea - researchers from Stanford University School of Medicine found that a rise in sugars in the gut following antibiotic treatment allows harmful bacteria to get a foothold and cause infection. Harmful bacteria thrive on sugar.Feeling and being sick.Fungal infections of the mouth, digestive tract and vagina.Suffixation-ing : what results from the action of the basesBuilding-a usually roofed and walled structure built for permanent use. teaching building是错误的， classroom building“教学楼” Taipei 101 Building 区别：Building, edifice英edfs美dfsn.大建筑物, structure refer to something built. Building and structure may apply to either a finished or an unfinished product of construction, and carry no implications as to size or condition. Edifice is a more formal word and narrower in application, referring to a completed structure, and usually a large and imposing one. Building generally connotes a useful purpose (houses, schools, business offices, etc.); structure suggests the planning and constructive process.玛丽盖亚特大楼玛丽盖亚特大楼（Edifice Marie-Guyart）位于国会大厦西面，建于一九三四年，设在三十一楼的瞭望台是魁北克市最高的室内瞭望台，可将全市景致尽揽眼底；瞭望台内壁所设艺.中文名称：伍尔沃斯大厦英文名称：Woolworth Building建筑师：Cass Gilbert位置：美国纽约时间：公元1910年至公元1913年建筑类型：公司总部、早期的摩天大楼建筑方法：陶土覆面气候类型：温和气候建筑环境：城市建筑风格：新哥特式描述：哥特式装饰的55层大楼伍尔沃斯大厦,为早期摩天楼代表作。纽约市55层的哥德式建筑伍尔沃斯大厦,3年竣工,高达230米,1913年落成时是当时世界最高的建筑物。建筑设计高度达55层当时一个难以想象的高度，它的金字塔形尖顶高约761英尺。建筑师Gilbert设计了一个塔柱，它从支撑底座高耸而起，但是为了使高度表现到最佳的效果（同时让人们联想到其他历史上的高楼），Gilbert采用了哥特式的建筑基调。加宽了建筑支座角的柱墩和主塔墩，不受任何水平的建筑阻挡。建筑顶部哥特式的叶尖饰和卷叶饰的尺寸异常大，以至于在街上就可以看得清清楚楚，从而避免了视觉上的向上移动。建筑在高度上所取得的成绩，理所当然地依赖于Jenney、Adler和Sullivan的探索性研究 Some words are plural in formEarnings-What is a Communist? One who has yearnings For equal division of unequal earnings.(Ebenezer Elliot)Retained earnings earnings per shareSavings-. Experiences are savings which a miser puts aside. Wisdom is an inheritance which a wastrel cannot exhaust. 经验是一种吝啬鬼置之不理的财富。智慧是一件挥霍者无法享用的遗产。 wastrel 挥霍无度的人 savings accountRelated Wordspassbook savings accountstatement savings accountFederal Savings and Loan Insuran