期末试题B(答案)(语言学导论).doc

系领导审批并签名B卷广州大学2008-2009学年第一学期考试卷(答案)课程 语言学导论 考试形式（闭卷，考试）I. Decide which one would be the best answer to each of the following questions (120= 20%)1. C 2.B 3. A 4. D 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C11.D 12.B 13.D 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. AII. Fill in the blanks (120=20%)1. interaction2. abstract3. particular4. obstruction5. similar6. rules7. social8. meaning9. falsehood10. words 11. sentence12. semantic13. reference14. experience15. structure16. comprehension17. referent18. cohere19. structural 20. speechIII. Give definitions to the following terms (25=10%)1. morphemea minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function2. categoriesthe products of categorization3. phonologythe study or description of the distinctive sound units of a language and their relationship4. syntaxthe study of sentence structure 5. pragmaticsa branch of linguistics that studies language in useIV. Translate the following terms into English (110=10%)1. 中缀: infix2. 辅音: consonant 3. 言语行为: speech act4. 蕴涵: entailment 5. 二重性: duality6. 语境: context7. 范畴:category 8. 连贯: coherence9. 施事: agent10. 音节: syllable V. One of the main features of human languages is arbitrariness. Can you briefly explain what this feature refers to? Support your argument with examples (10%)By arbitrariness, we mean there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. Language is therefore largely arbitrary. But language is not absolutely arbitrary, because there are cases where there are or at least seem to be some sound-meaning association, if we think of echo words like bang, crash, roar, which are motivated in a certain sense. Secondly, some compounds are not entirely arbitrary either. Type and write are opaque or unmotivated words, while type-writer is less so, or more transparent or motivated than the words that make it. So we say arbitrariness is a matter of degree.VI. More than one process was involved in the creation of each of the indicated forms below. Can you identify them? (25=10%)1. clipping from telephone to phone, then compounding 2. compounding of foot and ball, then derivation with -er 3. compounding of blue and print, then conversion to a verb and inflection with “-ed”4. blending of sky and hijack, then derivation with -ing5. conversion from prep to verb and inflection with “-ed”VII. In the sentence “The dog bit the man in the car”, the phrase “in the car” could be used either (1) or (2) in the following. How would the tree diagrams for (1) and (2) differ? (10%)(1) to show where the biting took place S NP VP Adv Art N V NP Prep NP Art N Art NThe dog bit the man in the car(2) to specify that it was the man in the car that was bitten S NP VP Art N V NP Art N PP Prep NP Art NThe dog bit the man in the carVIII. According to cognitive linguistics, there is conceptual metaphor in language. Put the following English sentences into three different groups of conceptual metaphor (10%): 1. Ive never won an argument with him.2. This relationship is foundering. 3. He shot down all of my arguments. 4. Thats food for thought.5. Our marriage is on the rocks.6. He devoured the book.7. Well just have to go our separate ways.8. Your claims are indefensible.9. If you use that strategy, hell wipe you out. 10. I just cant swallow that claim. (No