瞬间动词如何与延续性动词转换.doc

北 京 四 中撰 稿：徐正海编 审：贾巍责 编：任淑弘瞬间动词如何与延续性动词转换在学习现在完成时的过程中，我们经常碰到类似这样的句子：1）这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。2）这位老人已经去世五年了。此时，有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为：1)I have bought this bike for five years.（此句突出“买”的动作。言下之意，到现在还没有买到。）2)The old man has died for five years.(此句突出“死”的动作，给人的感觉是“这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎”。)造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中，将瞬间动词与延续性动词混为一谈。那么，什么是瞬间动词呢？简而言之，瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。那么，如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢？此时，我们可以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续性词（组），从而间接表示其中的意思。这里试就常见的一些词及替换词作一简要小结：瞬间动词延续性动词diebe deadopen (动词)be open （形容词）close (动词) be closed（形容词）get up be upfall asleepbe asleepfinish be overleavebe awaystart/beginbe onbuyhaveborrow keepcatch a cold have a coldjoin (1) be a + 成员；职业 (2) be in+ 集团；组织；单位实战演练:一、同义句转换1. He came here three years ago.He _herefor three years.2. School finished a month ago.School _for a month.3. He borrowed this book a week ago.He_this book for a week.4. The factory opened ten years ago.The factory _for ten years5. The man joined the army two years ago.The man _a soldier since two years ago.6. Mary arrived in Shanghai last year.Mary _Shanghai since a year ago.7. She got up an hour ago.She _for an hour.8. He bought this book three weeks ago.He _this book for three weeks.9. The film began an hour ago.The film _for an hour.10. How long _you _this book? (borrow)11. I bought the pencil about three months ago.I _the pencil since three months ago.12. Jim left England three years ago.Jim _England for three years.13. He left here last yearHe _here for a year.14. Li Lei came back two weeks ago. _15.The man died five years ago. _二、根据中英文提示完成句子、史密斯来中国已经三年了。Mr. Smith _ _ in China _ 3 years.Mr. Smith _ _ in China _ 2003.Mr. Smith _ to China three years _ .、这辆自行车我已买了五年了。I _ _ this bike _ 5 years.I _ _ this bike _ 2001.I _ this bike 5 years _.、我哥哥参军已经两年了。My brother _ _ _ the army _ two years.My brother _ _ a soldier _ 2004.My brother _ the army two years ago.、两个小时前我到的上海。I _ _ in Shanghai _ two hours.I _ _ in Shanghai _ two hours ago.I _ in Shanghai two hours ago.、会议已经开始一个小时了。The meeting has _ _ _ an hour.The meeting has _ _ _ an hour ago.The meeting _ an hour ago.参考答案: 一、同义句转换1.has been 2.has been over 3.has kept 4.has been open 5.has been 6.has been in 7.has been up 8.has had9.has been on 10.have kept 11.have had 12.has been away from13.has been away14.Li Lei has been back for two weeks. 15.The man has been dead for five years.二、根据中英文提示完成句子1. has been, for / has been, since / came, ago2. have had, for / have had, since / bought, ago3. has been