老师发给我们的自译自评论文范本.doc

The Review on My Translation of On Eastern and Western Culture 东西方文化自译自评系 别： 外语系 专业班级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导老师： 完成时间： ContentsAbstract (in Chinese)iAbstract (in English)iiThe original textiiiThe Authors TranslationviChapter One: Introduction- 1 -1.1 About Zhou Guoping and his essay- 1 -1.2 Introduction to the thesis- 1 -Chapter Two: A Comparative Analysis on Chinese and English Language- 3 -2.1 Differences between Chinese and English- 3 -2.1.1 Hypotaxis and parataxis- 3 -2.1.2 Grammatical differences- 4 -2.1.3 Word order- 4 -2.1.4 Other differences- 5 -2.2 Noticeable features in the original text- 5 -Chapter Three: The Review on the Authors Translation of On Eastern and Western Culture- 7 -3.1 The understanding step- 7 -3.1.1 Difficulty in understanding- 7 -3.1.2 Focuses in understanding- 7 -3.2 The translating step- 9 -3.2.1 Difficulty in expression- 9 -3.2.2 Translation techniques- 10 -Chapter Four: Conclusion- 14 -References- 15 -Acknowledgements- 16 -摘 要 散文素有“美文”之称，具有意境深邃，语言优美凝练，富于文采，形散而神不散的特征。因此，在翻译过程中，难度较大，所运用的翻译理论及技巧较多。另外，中英文之间的语言差异使得散文作品的汉译英过程中遇到很多困难。为更好的运用所学的翻译理论与技巧，提高自身的翻译理论和实践水平，本文以自译自评的方式，通过对汉语及英语中形合与意合、语法结构、语序等方面进行对比，并结合作者自身实践翻译的感受评论为基础来探究散文的汉译英，并提出相应的翻译建议。关键词：翻译，评价，汉英对比AbstractEssay, known as aesthetic writing, is featured by its aesthetic style, condensed language and profound meaning, which causes many difficulties in the process. Moreover, the language differences between Chinese and English make it more difficult in translating Chinese essays into English. In order to better put translation theory and techniques into practice, and to improve translation performance, the author analyses the essay translation from Chinese to English by comparing the language features in Chinese and English; and by assessing the authors own translation of a Chinese essay, the author raises some translation suggestions according to the authors own experience. Key words: translation, assessment, comparative study on Chinese and EnglishThe original text东西方文化周国平传统和现代化是一个多么陈旧的热门话题，一切可能的主张都提出过了，出路依然迷茫。中西文化的文章做了又做，五花八门而又千篇一律。这种两难抉择本身似乎也成了我们无法摆脱的传统，纠缠着一代又一代知识分子的头脑和步伐。什么时候我们才真正具备现代文明世界一员的自信，强壮得既不怕自己的传统，也不怕外来的文化，对两者都泰然处之呢?百年中国的主题是富强。为求富强，人们到西方寻找真理。在这个出发点中蕴涵着中国文化的一个悠久传统，便是把真理仅仅当作了工具，对于任何精神事物唯求其功用而忽视其本身的价值。这一思路在整体上未脱中体西用的大框架。因此，百年来，无论怎样引进西学和检讨传统，国人对于作为西学核心的精神之神圣价值和学术之独立品格的观念依然陌生，中国文化的实用传统依然根深蒂固。在我看来，如果在这方面不能醒悟，中国人的精神素质便永远不会有根本的改观，中国也就永远出不了世界级的文化巨人。东西文化之优劣成了一个持久的热门话题，我始终不觉得这个问题有多么复杂。在我看来，一切民族的文化传统中都有优秀的成分，它们同属于全人类的文化遗产。无论东西方，自古以来都有圣哲及后继者思考着人类某些具有永久性的根本问题，他们的思想对于一切民族一切时代的人都会有启示意义。西方不但有科学传统，同样也有人文传统，而首先对现代文明进行反思的恰恰是西方人自己，这些先觉者在反省中注意到了东方传统的长处，正表明了他们的立足点不是狭隘的民族性，而是人类性。我们的论者不去注意他们的这种立场，却挑出他们赞扬东方文化的片言只语沾沾自喜，则恰好暴露了自己的狭隘性。东方和西方的关系问题是一个说不完的老话题了。我的直觉是，在这个问题上的一切极端之论都是可疑的。需要的是一种平常心，一种不假思索就喜欢和接纳一切好东西的健康本能。在此前提下，才能用一种开阔的人类眼光来看待东西方文化之异同。我在这里发现了一个常识与智慧、矫情与狭隘心理相结合的具体例证。一切关于东西方文化之优劣的谈论都是非文化、伪文化性质的。民族文化与其说是一个文化概念，不如说是一个政治概念。在我眼里，只存在一个统一的世界文化宝库，凡是进入这个宝库的文化财富在本质上是没有国籍的。无论东方还是西方，文化中最有价值的东西必定是共通的，是属于全人类的。那些仅仅属于东方或者仅仅属于西方的东西，哪怕是好东西，至多也只有次要的价值。说句老实话，我已听厌了不断老调重弹的中西文化讨论，既不相信全盘西化，也不相信儒学复兴，并且也不相信可以人为地造就一种东西合璧普遍适用的新文化新人生观。当务之急不是制订救世的方案，而是启迪自救的觉悟，不是建立统一的价值体系，而是鼓励多元精神价值的真诚追求。如果有更多的人注重精神生活，热爱全人类文化遗产，认真思考人生问题，那么，不管思考的结果怎样纷异，都是中国文化乃至中华民族前途的福音。我们已经有了许多热衷于文化讨论的学者，缺少的是真诚的儒者、释者、基督徒、人文主义者等等，一句话，真诚的理想主义者。智慧无国籍。无论东西方，都有过一些彻悟人生底蕴的智者，他们的思想是全人类的共同财富。在这方面，谈不上东西方优劣的比较。为了疗治现代文明的弊病而求诸东方文化，乃断章取义之论。正确的提法是，全人类共同继承各民族历史上的优秀文化遗产。常常听人叹息：“中国为什么出不了大思想家？什么时候我们才有自己的世界级大思想家？”我答道：难道这很重要吗？凡是大思想家，例如康德、海德格尔等，既然是世界级的，就是属于全世界的，也是属于你的。思想无国别。按照国别选择思想家的人，真正看重的不是思想，而是民族的虚荣。人们常常叹息，中国为何产生不了大哲学家、大诗人、大作曲家、大科学家等等。据我看，原因很可能在于我们的文化传统的实用品格，对纯粹的精神性事业不重视、不支持。一切伟大的精神创造的前提是把精神价值本身看得至高无上，在我们的氛围中，这样的创造者不易产生，即使产生了也是孤单的，很容易夭折。中国要真正成为有世界影响的文化大国，就必须改变文化的实用品格。一个民族拥有一批以纯粹精神创造为乐的人，并且以拥有这样一批人为荣，在这样的民族中最有希望产生出世界级的文化伟人。一个民族在文化上能否有伟大的建树，归根到底取决于心智生活的总体水平。拥有心智生活的人越多，从其中产生出世界历史性的文化伟人的机会就越大。真正的学术，决非一时一地之物，而必具有恒久性和世界性。把玩国故，不拘于考据、训诂，能通宇宙之至妙，人生之精髓，启迪天下人心扉。治理西学，不限于述评、比较，能体悟和理解，与宗师大家交流。真正的学术是一种对话，不仅与国人、今人对话，而且与洋人、后人对话，这才是走向世界和未来之真义。创新而不靠移花接木，搬弄新术语，首先要在学术上有根，然后才能开出自己的花朵。作为英国人，毛姆生下来便是基督徒，而基督徒是把天主教视为异教的。有一天，他忽然想到，他完全可能生在德国南方，成为一个天主教徒，那样他就要因为并非自己的过错而作为异教徒受惩罚了。这未免太荒谬。这样一想，他从此不信教了。我认为，在这个最简单的思路中，包含了国际主义的最深刻的理由。The Authors TranslationOn Eastern and Western CultureKeeping tradition in the process of modernization is such a timeworn hot issue on which any opinions have been proposed, but there is little chance for a way out. One after another, articles on Chinese and western culture have been written, multifarious in form but routine in content. Such a dilemma seems to have evolved into a tradition which has become a physical and psychological shackle that generations of intellectuals can never shake off. But when can we be bestowed with the confidence as a member the modern civilization, strong enough that we neither feel inferior for our own culture, nor envy the mighty foreign culture, and live with them both at ease?Prosperity has been a national theme of China for hundreds of years. With this purpose, Chinese people turned to the West for truth, which embodies a long-history tradition of Chinese culture-a tradition that considers truth merely as a tool, a tradition that pursues any spirituality only for its function and usage rather than the value in itself. Such an ideology still remains under the shadow of the old pattern of “Chinese Learning for Fundamentals, Western Learning for Practical Application”. Therefore, no matter how we have brought in western culture, and how we have criticized our own tradition, the notion of the sacred value in western cultures core spirit and the independence in western science is still strange to us, while the practical tradition in Chinese culture still remains deeply rooted in our minds. In my opinion, if we cannot realize this, there will be no change at all in the spiritual world of the Chinese people, and China will never bring up culture giant of the world-class.The advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and western culture have become a heated topic for long. But I still dont think this question a complex one. From my point of view, the culture and tradition of all different nations has its shining points which belong to the culture heritage of all mankind. Both the West and the East have given birth to great sages and their successors since ancient time, who have thought hard on some eternal questions of human beings. Their thoughts have enlightened all nations and people of all times. In the west, there is the tradition of science as well as the tradition of humanism. Moreover, it was the westerners themselves who, for the first time, began to reflect on modern civilization. The illuminati, in the process, realized the advantages of eastern culture, which just shows what they based on was not the narrow-minded nationalism but the whole humanity. However, our critics, neglecting their position, singled out a piece of their compliments and felt quit complacent about it, which right exposes their narrow-mindedness.The discussion on the relations between eastern and western culture is a heated topic. I instinctively doubted all the extreme believes on this issue. What we need is a common heart, an instinct that adores and absorbs all good things without consideration. Only with this attitude can we look upon the similarities and differences between eastern and western culture with a broad view of humanity. Here I find out an example that combines common sense with wisdom, hypocrisy with narrow-mindedness.Any discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of eastern and western culture is no culture at all or fake culture. National culture is rather a political concept than a cultural one. It seems to me that there exits only one culture treasure-house of the world as a whole, where all the treasure in nature is beyond the border. No matter in the East and the West, the most valuable things in culture must have something in common; they belong to the whole humanity. Those that belong only to the East or just part of the West have nothing more than a secondary value, even if they are good. Honestly speaking, tired of the same old tune of the discussion on Chinese and western culture, I believe neither total westernization nor the rejuvenation of the old Confucianism, nor the artificial creation of a universal culture or philosophy where the East meets the West. We should give our priority not to making a plan of salvation but to enlightening our consciousness of self-rescue; not to constructing a united value system, but to encouraging sincere pursuit of spiritual value diversity. If more people begin to pay enough attention to spiritual life, adore cultural heritage of all mankind, and think deep about life, whatever result it may conclude, it will be a blessing to the future of Chinese culture and even the Chinese nation. We have already got many scholars who are interested in the cultural debate, but what we lack are pious Confucian, Buddhist, Christian, humanist, etc. all in all, we lack sincere idealistsWisdom is beyond the border. In both the East and the West, there have been some sages, who have a deep understanding of life, and whose thoughts are shared by all the mankind. Therefore, there shouldnt have been comparison on the advantages and disadvantages in Chinese and western culture. It is to garble quote out of context to say “to resort to eastern culture to heal illness in the modern civilization”. While the correct saying should be “all mankind together inherit the extraordinary cultural heritage of all nations”.I often hear people sigh, “how come China has no great thinker? And when on earth can we have a world-class thinker of our own?” My answer is, “Is that really important?” Every great thinker, such as Immanuel Kant, Martin Heidegger, etc, is the thinker of the world, of yours, since he or she is the world-class. Thinking is without the border. Those who choose a thinker by his or her nationality focus on the national vanity rather than the thought itself. People often sigh how come China has no great philosophers, poets, composers, scientists and so on. As far as I am concerned, the reason probably lies in the practical characteristics in our culture and tradition, under whose influence we neglect pure pursuit of spiritual career and dont give enough support to it. However, the premise of the creation of any significant thinking is to put the spiritual value to the highest priority. While in our society, such creator is hard to rise, even if he or she does, it is easy for the lonely creator to come to an untimely end. If China wants to become a real culture power with world influence, the practical characteristics in our culture must be changed. A nation with and proud of a group of people who take delight in sincere spiritual creation is the most likely cradle of world-class culture giants.After all, what greatness of a nations culture can achieve roots deeply in what the overall standards of its peoples mental life can attain. The more people who enjoy a high standard of mental life, the more opportunity the nation can have to bring about historic culture giants of world-class.The real science is never the one of temporary or individual, but the one of eternity and universal. Enjoying national classics, only when we are free from textual research and glozing, can we truly understand the essence of the universe and the soul of life, and enlighten all folks of life. Studying the western science, only when we are relieved from literal commentary and comparison, can we thoroughly comprehend the core spirits of western science, and communicate with masters of light and leading. The real science is a conversation with not only the countrymen and contemporaries，but also foreigners and future generations. This is the true meanings of opening to the world and the future. Innovation, not by replanting others theory, not by fiddling with new terms, should have its root in science before it can bring forth the flower of its own.Maugham was born a Christian in Britain, where Catholics were treated as heretics. One day, he suddenly realized that he could also be born in southern Germany as a Catholic, by any chance. If so, he had to be punished for being a heretic, which was definitely not his fault. How absurd it was, he thought. Since then, Maugham no longer believed in religion.Such simple thinking, I believe, embodies the most profound reason of internationalism.- 18 -The Review on My Translation of On Eastern and Western CultureChapter One: IntroductionThe graduate thesis has been blamed for its lack of initiatives and innovation. In this circumstance, some changes have taken place in the format of graduate thesis. “For the undergraduates, it can greatly contribute to the translation performance and their ability to put the translation theory into practice to select an original text of great translation values on their own and then to translate the text into another language” (Zhang Yanqing, 2007). This thesis is going to put the new format into practice.1.1 About Zhou Guoping and his essayZhou Guoping, born in Shanghai on July 25, 1945, is one of the popular contemporary philosophers and essayists in China. Graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1968, he joined the Institute of Philosophy of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1978, and has worked there since then. Zhou is now teaching in Southwest University of Political Science and Law.Zhou Guoping has written many literature works, especially essays. His essays often contain philosophical thinking about life and death, sex and love, self and soul. He probes into confusions of human beings in modern civilization, and infuses deep thinking into simple but beautiful language, which wins him a great deal of readers. His readers, from joyful teenagers to serene greybeards, all can acquire enlightenment of wisdom and beauty from his essays. On Eastern and Western Culture (东西方文化) is one of the essays released on Zhou Guopings blog of Sina website. This essay is written in a free-floating style with beautiful languages. It points out the problem that lies with the clammy way of Chinese peoples attitude towards eastern and western culture. It arouses that we should have a broad mind and live with different cultures at ease.1.2 Introduction to the thesisThe thesis probes into the literature, especially essay, translation strategies by assessing the authors translation of On Eastern and Western Culture written by Zhou Guoping. The author uses this method, not only hoping to put the translation theories into translation practice so as to improve the translation skills, but also aims to overcome the difficulties in the essay translation from Chinese to English because of the differences between Chinese and English. Through this thesis, the author also wants to provide some suggestions to the translations of other essays and literature works.This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one gives a brief introduction to Zhou Guoping and his essays. It also introduces the purpose and structure of the thesis. Chapter two mainly discusses the differences between Chinese and English, so as to conclude some significant features in the original text that need to be carefully dealt with. The focus lies in Chapter three which provides a thorough assessment on the authors translation of the original text. Then the thesis comes to a natural conclusion in Chapter four, which also provides some useful suggestions on essay translation.Chapter Two: A Comparative Analysis on Chinese and English LanguageThe recent translation theories of our country can all find their bases on the contrastive linguistics. “Only by a comparative analysis on the source language and the target language, can we have an accurate comprehension on the similarities and differences of the two languages, which will lights up the darkness in the translation study (Pan Guowen, 2002:10). Therefore, the author gives a general analysis on the differences between Chinese and English in this chapter, so as to point out some significant features in the original text that need to be carefully dealt with.2.1 Differences between Chinese and EnglishRecent years, many translation theorists have done great researches on the differences between Chinese and English. The well-known translation theorist Liu Miqing comprehensively analyzes in his book Comparative Study on Chinese and English and C-E Translation the differences from grammar, sentence structure, voice, expression, lexical and way of thinking. Shao Zhihong, professor from East China University of Science and Technology, also makes a thorough comparative analysis from language style, semantics, syntax and passage. Moreover, in many textbooks of C-E translation, the comparison is often done on the lexical, sentence and passage level.Generally speaking, the language differences can be concluded into three aspects, i.e., difference between hypotaxis and parataxis, difference in grammar, and difference in word order, according to their characteristics.2.1.1 Hypotaxis and parataxis Hypotaxis and parataxis are two different means of language organization. The difference between hypotaxis and parataxis is the one how words, clauses, are organized into sentences and passages. This difference greatly affects the differences in grammar, sentence structure and lexica. Therefore, Eugene A. Nida said, the most significant difference between English and Chinese language is the difference between hypotaxis and parataxis (Nida, 1982:16). Hypotaxis means that the connection between sentences or words is determi