【备战2014】2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练(18)及解析.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（18）及解析 C5DMark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twains novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twains most widely read tale.Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As JChadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim, the father and the man.”There is much more.Twains mystery novel Puddnhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her masters baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the masters baby by his wife.The slaves lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.Twains racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him.And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.65How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes?ATwain was more willing to deal with racism.BTwains attack on racism was much less open.CTwains themes seemed to agree with plots.DTwain was openly concerned with racism.66Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its _Atarget readers at the bottomBantislavery attitudeCrather impolite languageDfrequent use of “nigger”67What best proves Twains antislavery stand according to the author?AJims search for his family was described in detail.BThe slaves voice was first heard in American novels.CJim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.DTwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.68The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _Aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersBslaves babies could pick up slaveholders way of speakingCblacks social position was shaped by how they were brought upDblacks were born with certain features of prejudice69What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AThe attacks.BSlavery and prejudice.CWhite men.DThe shows.70What does the author mainly argue for?ATwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.BTwain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.CTwains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.DTwains works should be read from a historical point of view.【要点综述】 本篇为说明文，谈到马克吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。65B推理判断题。由第二段的“Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.”可知，马克吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealt directly with slavery)，因此B项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文章没有提及；C项与题干无关，答非所问；D项文章没有提及。66D推理判断题。根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn定位到第三段。由“More recently the book has been attacked because of many occurences of the word nigger.”可知答案。A项中的target readers错误，文章没有说到；B项不符合文意；C项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。67C细节理解题。由第四段的末句“the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities”可知答案。A项中的in detail文章没有提及；B项中的The slaves voice与文章的the character of Jim不一致；D项文章没有提及。68C推理判断题。由第六段可知，举这个例子是为了说明奴隶的社会地位是由生活环境决定的，而不是人的自然本性。69D词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为马克吐温把这些表演当作表现现实，后句紧接着解释：马克吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识，而这些是shows所没有表达出来的，可见they应该就是指代shows。70A作者意图题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下自己的观点：And Twainmay have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice than any other novelist in the past century，可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有A项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。A(2011昆明质检，A)I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others? He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floora real sea of milk!When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Lets go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson!This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes.当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。1When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she _.A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at himB. praised the boy instead of punishing himC. felt satisfied with the boys trying to help himselfD. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的内容可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。2The childs experience resulted in the following BUT _.A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottleB. benefiting the boy all his lifeC. helping the boy be more creativeD. making the boy realize the mistake is of value答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。3According to the passage, the way the scientists mother used is _.A. instructive B. strictC. formal D. strange答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。4The purpose of the passage is to show _.A. a usual way to cultivate a childB. a scientists medical achievementsC. a mothers wise way of helping her childD. the advantages of making mistakes答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。(2011黄冈适应性考试，B)A few months before I was born, my Dad met a stranger who was new to our small town. From the beginning, Dad was fascinated with this enchanting newcomer and soon invited him to live with our family. The stranger was quickly accepted and was around to welcome me into the world a few months later.As I grew up, I never questioned his place in my family. In my young mind, he had a special position. My parents were complementary instructors：Mom taught me the words, and Dad taught me to obey them. But the stranger. He was our storyteller. He would keep us spellbound for hours on end with adventures, mysteries and comedies.If I wanted to know anything about politics，history or science，he always knew the answers about the past, understood the present and even seemed able to predict the future! He made me laugh, and he made me cry. The stranger never stopped talking, but Dad didnt seem to mind.I now know that my early concepts about relationship were influenced strongly by the stranger. Time after time, he opposed the values of my parents, yet he was seldom blamed.and NEVER asked to leave.More than fifty years have passed since the stranger moved in with our family. He has blended right in and is not nearly as fascinating as he was at first. Still, if you were to walk into my parents room today, you would still find him sitting over in his corner, waiting for someone to listen to him talk and watch him draw his pictures. His name?We just call him.“TV”He has a younger sister now. We call her“Computer”作者以生动形象的拟人手法描述了电视对自己的影响。5When the stranger came to live with our family, he was _.A. ingnored by the children B. driven away for no reasonC. abandoned because it was too noisy D. accepted by every family member答案：D。事实细节题。由首段尾句可知答案。6The stranger can do all the following things EXCEPT that he can _.A. tell us some funny stories B. reject our proposalsC. influence the childrens character D. predict the future答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段内容可知电视具有A、C、D项所说的功能，而不能“拒绝建议”，故按题意要求选B。7The underlined word“spellbound” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _.A. concentrated B. puzzled C. fascinated D. astonished答案：C。词义猜测题。由第2段尾句语境“数小时连续地看冒险故事、神秘故事和喜剧”可知应是“沉迷于，对着迷的”，故答案为C。倒数第3段第2句中的fascinating也是暗示。本题易误选A，但是如果注意一下后面的介词就可排除，因为concentrate和on搭配。8What can we learn from the last three paragraphs of the passage?A. The computer is more advanced and has gained greater popularity.B. Old as he is，we like the stranger best.C. The TV set is out of fashion and often breaks down.D. We decide to throw the TV set away immediately.答案：A。推理判断题。文章中提到电视伴随我们五十年，而现在它有了一个年轻的妹妹那就是电脑，说明了产品已推陈出新，暗示了电脑更先进更受人们青睐，故答案为A。(2011海淀第二学期期末，C)Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. The two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a fulltime worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages，its holidays and its other benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into fulltime work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. However，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership