附录答案1--4单元.doc

Unit 1Exercise I:1. 普通教育除了专业训练的内容外，还指对人的全方位的培养过程。2. 从严格意义上来说，大学是为了把普通学生教育成为有文化修养、具备优秀专业技能的人。3. 大学是一个推动探索、使各种发现得到不断完善和证实的地方; 在那里，轻率和鲁莾变得无伤大雅，错误通过思想与思想之间、知识与知识之间的碰撞会暴露无遗。4. 以科研作为主要的教学手段，教授的作用在于把科研和教学结合起来科研活动转变成为一种学习的模式。5. 获取信息和理解信息是最基本的人权，而我们现在拥有人类历史上前所未有的信息量。6. 信息对个人和社会的发展都非常重要，信息技术将使那些能够获取并利用它的人拥有相当大的力量。7. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who thinks.8. Basic education is currently funded primarily by the state in most countries.9. The impact of globalization is not just on trade and production, it also has an important impact on education.10. A new challenge to teaching is the pressure to internationalize curriculum offerings.Exercise II:1. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.在美国，学生通常要花很多时间在学校图书馆里，或完成一门课的作业，或从事研究以便准备要写的报告。因此，留学生会发现他们在一所美国大学里学习的成败，在很大程度上取决于利用图书馆的能力。他们也会发现教授一开始便希望他们自己去查找并评价资料，而不是在讲课时提供需要记住的具体事实和课程资料。因而，学生必须提高查找、选择和评价图书馆资料的技能。大多数学校在每一学年开始时所进行的新生入学指导计划中，就包括如何利用图书馆的指导。 2. Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.I often hear university presidents say, I treat my students as if they were my own children. And indeed they act just like strict but loving parents, telling the students that they should get at least eight hours of sleep, that everyone must get up for morning exercises at six a.m., that they arent allowed to walk around campus in slippers.I have always considered university presidents to be visionary policymakers who set the course of academic research and education rather than mere nannies in charge of feeding steamed bread and porridge to infants. Some educators might say, If these students had learned a bit of independence and self-discipline before they came to college, I wouldnt need to spoon-feed and discipline them like this. It is because they were not taught all these things in primary and secondary school that I, a university president, have to teach them now.”These remarks sound reasonable, yet in fact they are quite illogical. Since it is because the students have all along been taught in a spoon-fed manner that they havent acquired independence and self-discipline after 12 years of schooling, wouldnt it merely result in an endless vicious circle if this sort of babysitting is continued at university level? Besides, what are the aims of our university education? To turn out submissive and rule-abiding students, or students who are able to independently assess a situation, make decisions and pass judgments?Unit 2Exercise 1. 中国经历了一系列艰苦的变革和试验。我和其他的美国人都没有资格告诉中国应采取什么样的经济制度。最适合中国的是一个在中国扎了根的制度扎根于中国的习惯、传统与行事方式。检验任何制度要看它的结果：看它在多达程度上能更大地满足人民的需要。中国人民所需要的与美国人民所需要的不会在所有方面完全一致，但在某些方面会是一致的。对任何经济制度的最终检验要看其是否有效。一个有效的经济制度能激发生产的积极性，能公平地分配其产品。什么样地奖励是有效的，什么是“公平”的分配。这些问题不同的文化会有不同的回答，甚至同一文化在不同的历史时期或不同的发展阶段也会有不同的回答。在大国中，美国的经济制度在历史上最成功地制造了繁荣。中国的制度在历史上最成功地创造了平等。我们面临的共同挑战是避免强迫人民在二者之间做出一个困难的选择：在一个极端是一个能提供平等，但延续贫困的制度，在另一个极端是一个能提供繁荣，但会无视贫困的制度。贫困对平等和繁荣来说都是一个过高的代价。中国所面临的挑战是坚持平等的原则而不损害其人民的生产力。美国所面临的挑战是提供繁荣，以便给予全体人民一个摆脱贫困的机会。我们的制度有着巨大的差别，但从长远的观点来看，我们为全体人民谋求更美好的生活的目标是一致的。经过几个世纪的战争与革命，中国需要一个和平的世纪和进步的世纪。只有当中国领导人保持一个世纪的稳定，这些才会成为可能这并不是停滞的稳定而是一个创造性的稳定，为中国人民所固有的聪明才智的充分发挥提供富饶的土壤。最近几年，中国正在进行艰苦的创造性的努力，旨在创立一个适合中国目前历史时期和发展阶段的制度。我们展望未来，展望下一个世纪，中国的制度会继续发展与变化。所有的制度都是如此。美国目前的经济制度不同于一个世纪之前，甚至不同于半个世纪前、当我达到美国人称之为成熟年龄的时候。2. When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental fact, that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other? In fact, both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade. china is the worlds largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time, and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization.Unit 3Exercise 1. 你会认为这应该是一个摆脱了偏见的时代，可当听到一名普通男子谈论他对一名普通女子的看法时，你就不会这样认为了。妇女早已赢得了独立。她们经过长期艰苦的斗争，在全球大部分地区可以与男子享有同等的教育机会。她们一次又一次地证明，妇女在几乎所有领域里都不比男子差，甚至还常常胜过男子。这场艰苦的女性能力认可战虽已打赢，却远未终结。延续这场战斗的是男性而非女性，因为许多男子对女子的态度基本上仍然是敌视性的。许多国家和地区的妇女仍然贝视为二等公民。如果听信一些男人所言，你甚至会得出男女两性非同种同类的可怕结论。从表面上看，这些男人对女性能力的评论似乎只是一种戏言，可这表面现象却无法掩饰许多男人对女性所抱的鄙视态度。无论这些男子怎样讥讽妇女，他们那种自认为比女性优越的看法是没有事实依据的。我们现以驾车为例。我们都知道，女性开车时所出的车祸远远少于男性驾驶员的车祸。妇女通常非常谨慎小心，事实上她们已能胜任任何一种你能叫得出名字的职业。政治家、士兵、医生、工人、大学教授、农民、经理、律师、科学家、国家元首中的女性成员所作出的成就常常使许多男性感到羞愧。我们不可忘记，女性在这些领域里取得辉煌成就的同时还肩负着生儿育女的重任呢。2.There is a population of over 1,200 million in China, among which rural population is over 900 million. Although further differentiation is taking place in rural society, its population is increasing rather than decreasing. According to a survey by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the rural population increased by over 8 million compared with 1978. A survey report points out: “Without the development of urbanization, the problem of rural areas, agriculture and farmers cannot be solved. In the past, it was often said that farmers problem was in the final analysis a problem concerning land, which has been basically solved now. The present problem of farmers is one of obtaining employment.” Therefore, it is urgent that urban and rural social problems should be regulated, urbanization should be accelerated, the serious situation of urbanization lagging behind industrialization should be changed. Some economists estimated that in 2005, the surplus rural labor in China would rise to 200 million, which needed to be absorbed by cities. Big cities are far from enough in realizing the shift of the large rural population, because the employment pressure in big cities is universally heavy. Some experts consider that the outlets for the shift of rural population are mainly small cities and towns. The life expense and childrens education expense of urban citizens are far higher that those of rural ones, hence more employment opportunities.Unit 4Exercise 1. 信息技术正从根本上改变着世界，改变着人们的居住、工作、管理和交际方式。在进入21世纪之际，全球信息革命已不是一种遥远的展望，而是一种迫近的现实。作为信息革命核心催化剂的信息技术和通信技术，其加速发展正在对经济活动和社会结构的几乎所有方面产生越来越大的影响。技术进步的特点是大幅度提升了的信息储存与处理的速度、容量和功能，以及成本更为低廉的传播能力。更重要的是，技术的本质是将模拟技术转变为数字技术，将半导体转变为微处理器，将有线电信和固定电信转变为无线电信和移动电信，将专有系统转变为开放系统，将互为独立的声音、资料、文字和图像传播方式转变为交互式的多媒体方式。2.High and new technology represents up-to-date productivity and a strong driving force for the progress of human society. Constant innovation of knowledge and rapid progress in science and technology have s