2019_2020学年高中英语Unit1ThewrittenwordSectionⅢGrammar——常用否定词和否定句教案牛津译林版.docx

Section Grammar常用否定词和否定句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句1.Many people do not read them，because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today.2.They have not disappeared and still have a place in the world.3.Nobody would bother to make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with contemporary life.4.Readers may not be able to see the danger，so they need a symbol like the mist to make it clearer to them.5.He has rigid ideas of what it means to be civil and to be a gentleman，and is embarrassed by Joe because he does not fit these.后自主感悟1.所有例句中黑体部分构成句子的否定形式。2.例句1中的黑体部分do not，例句2中的黑体部分have not和例句5中的黑体部分does not的构成特点是由助动词加not构成否定。3.例句4中的黑体部分may not的构成特点是由情态动词加not构成否定。4.例句1中的nothing和例句3中的Nobody，nothing本身都表示否定意义。一、常用否定词1英语中含否定含义的表达形式多种多样，可以用not，no，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。We have not signed any agreement.我们没有签署任何协议。They never have time to go to the cinema during the weekdays.他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。即时演练1选词填空A smile costs nothing，but gives much.(nothing/something)My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.(no/none)2可以用hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，few等半否定词来表达否定之意。Now she hardly had strength to open the carriage door.此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。Unfortunately，very few people have played in this space.遗憾的是，目前只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。即时演练2选词填空：hardly/seldomMr.Smith seldom goes back to his hometown.I had hardly closed my eyes when I remembered I hadnt done my maths homework.3可以用含否定意义的前缀de，dis，il，im，in，ir，non，un，under等构成的词表达否定之意；也可以用后缀less，free，proof等构成的词表达否定之意。Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely.目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。Second，it is also useless to worry about the future.其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。即时演练3写出下列单词的反义词fairunfairsmokernonsmokerlike(喜欢)dislikelegalillegal4其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配：far from，rather than，other than，free from，would rather.than.等。Your work is far from being satisfactory.你的工作一点也不令人满意。The truth is quite other than what you think.事实真相同你想的完全不同。即时演练4单句语法填空Why didnt you ask for help，rather than trying to do it on your own?Not everybody is a sage(圣贤)Who can be entirely free from error?二、否定句1全部否定no，not，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither.nor结构均表示完全否定，在汉语中意为“绝对不”，“没有”，“远不(非)”，“一点也不”，“根本不”，“无论如何也没有”等。None of my friends smokes.我的朋友都不吸烟。The book is nowhere to be found.那本书哪儿也找不到。即时演练5完成句子没有什么比健康更重要的了。Nothing is more important than health.没人同意这个周末去爬山。Nobody/No one agrees to climb up the mountain this weekend.2部分否定英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词，当用于否定句中时，只否定一部分，而不是完全否定。如all，everybody (everyone)，everything，anyone (anybody)，anything，anywhere，everywhere，always，quite，both，entirely，altogether等词与not连用时，在汉语中译为“不全是”，“不都是”，“并非全都是”，“不总是”等。He is not absolutely wrong.他并不完全错。All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光物，并非尽黄金。即时演练6句型转换Some young people like rock music.Not all young people like rock music.One of the two boys is from America.Both of the boys are not from America.3双重否定双重否定，意义肯定：指同一句中有两处具有否定含义，但表达的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有：no.not; no/not.without; never too.; cannot but do(不得不); cannot help doing; cannot help but do; without doubt; without fail; not seldom(常常); not displeased(满意的)等。Nobody does nothing.人人都要做事。We cannot help admiring his bravery.我们禁不住佩服他的勇敢。He is not displeased with my answer.他对我的回答感到满意。 即时演练7完成句子活到老，学到老。Its never too late to learn.不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。There is no success without hardships4某些结构表达否定意义(1)too.to(太而不能)Hes too small to do that.他太小了，干不了那件事。(2)more A than B(与其B不如A)，more than含有can 的从句(不能)He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。Your problem is more than I can deal with.你的问题我解决不了。(3)比较级than不定式(不至于做)You should know better than to play football in the classroom.你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球的。He was wiser than to have done such a thing.他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。即时演练8完成句子这帽子太大，没法戴。The hat is too large to wear与其说她害羞，倒不如说她是害怕。She is more frightened than shy.5连词before，unless等引导的状语从句可以表达否定意义He slipped out before the meeting started.会议还没开始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。Unless you put on your overcoat，youll catch a cold.如果你不穿大衣，就会着凉。6虚拟语气可以表达否定意义But for your coming，I should have been very lonely.要不是你来了，我会感到很寂寞的。即时演练9单句语法填空She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.He ran out of the room before I could answer.But for your help，I would have failed.单句语法填空1Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.2The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.3It is impossible (possible) for him to finish the task，because it needs teamwork.4Not having known the teachers real meaning，I decided to go and ask him in person.5Mothers are doing what they can to make sure that their children are free from any kind of harm.6I agree with most of what you said，but I dont agree with everything7It was not until they settled in the quiet countryside that Joe felt happy and content.8The company wont take on these graduates unless they get through the final test.9The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party，nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.10I thought there would be many students in the hall，but when I got in，I found none.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.NeitherNone2We，as well as animals，cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it.ornor3I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.littleless4Unfortunately，by the time I got back，they had finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen everywhere.everywhereanywhere5Although her English is a little hardly to understand，we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families.hardlyhard6However，he was the gentlest man I have never known.neverever7There are three lessons in the