考点精粹1.doc

2010年职称英语理工类B级考点精粹一一、单选题（下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。）1、 I have been trying to quit smoking.A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up标准答案： a 2、 Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried标准答案： c 3、 The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.question B.problem C.title D.topic 标准答案： d4、 This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkable D.idiomatic 标准答案： b 5、 It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely 标准答案： b6、 These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow 标准答案： a7、 Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A.easy B.possible C.likelyD.difficult 标准答案： c 8、 They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A.possibility B.necessity C.ability D.probability标准答案： c 9、 We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautiful B.stretching C.spreading D.rolling标准答案： a10、 The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.loads B.layers C.pyramids D.piles标准答案： d11、 The news will horrify everyone.A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite标准答案： b 12、 The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 标准答案： c13、 I wont tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take标准答案： a 14、 Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardly D.totally 标准答案： d 15、 Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.caused C.forced D.promised 标准答案： a二、匹配题（概括大意与完成句子（每题1分，共8分） How to Argue with Your BossBefore you argue with your boss, check with the bosss secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the bosss secretary, they are keys to timing: dont approach the boss when hes on deadline; dont go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; dont go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.If youre mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And dont let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you.Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you cant put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they cant get past the secretary.To deal effectively with a boss, its important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals.EXERCISE:1. Paragraph 2_2. Paragraph 3_3. Paragraph 4_4. Paragraph 5_A Keep your voice low all the timeB Put yourself in the bosss positionC Propose your solutionD Dont go in when you are angryE Make the issue clearF Never give in标准答案： D,E,C,B5. If you want to ask the boss for anything, it is important to find out first _.6. It is necessary to make clear to the boss _.7. It is not wise to present the boss with a problem _.8. You must be considerate and think of the troubles _.A to give the boss your adviceB how he is feelingC the boss may haveD what you really want to talk to him aboutE without suggesting a way to solve it F how unhappy you are标准答案： B,D,E,C三、案例分析题（阅读判断（每题1分，共7分）；补全短文（每题2分，共10分）;阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）；完形填空（每题1分，共15分） TV Games ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.This is the principle behind quiz or game shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the shows producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didnt like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they arent taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.1.TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. the principle behind quiz or game shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Prizes and money are usually provided by TV stars and large companies for winners.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the Shows producers to give him the answers beforehand.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned标准答案： A,B,C,B5. The huge scandal of cheating in TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie Quiz Show.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Winners of present-day TV shows no longer get money from the shows.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned标准答案： B,A,BSmart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting，but the light coming through the window also provides heat.However，windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology.Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist.Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3.“Its contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So，windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet，windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control.In the winter，cold air leaks in.When its hot and sunny，sunlight streams in.All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy.And all of this extra heat forces people to turn ontheir air conditioners.Producing blasts of cold air，which can feel so refreshing，actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years，scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating，glazing，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient.Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color.For example，a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery.Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed，that is，when the amount of voltage is decreased，the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away.So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other.Then，it stays that way.Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes，depending on the size of the window.The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.”词汇：flip/flip/n.& v.用手指轻弹，轻击 tungsten oxide 氧化钨air conditioner 空调 (器) jolt/dVEult/n.& v.震摇，颠簸，晃动refreshing/ri5freFiN /adj.使人清爽的 electrochromic adj.电致变色的glaze/leiz/v.装玻璃，用玻璃覆盖 voltage/5vEJltIdV/n.电压chromogenic adj.发色的 air conditioning 空调，空调系统注释：1. cutting edge：本意为“(刀片的)刃口，刀刃”;比喻意为“最先进的，科技含量最高的”。2. anywhere in between witha flip of a switch：就在开或关的一霎那。3. Uppsala University in Sweden：瑞典的乌普萨拉大学。乌普萨拉是瑞典东部一座城市，位于斯德哥尔摩的西北方向。练习：1. Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?A Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.2. When are windows the weak link in a building?A In the cold winter. B In the hot summer.C When air conditioners are turned on. D Both A and B.3. What are smart windows，according to Paragraph 4?A Windows that are coated. B Windows that are glazed.C Windows the color of which can be changed. D Windows that have many layers.4. To make electrochromic windows change color，what is applied to the window glass?A Electricity. B Tungsten oxide. C A battery. D A voltage.5. What will he the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful，according to the last paragraph?A The buildings will look different.B Windows can be as large as you want.C We may not need air conditioners any more.D They are less expensive than traditional windows.标准答案： A,D,C,B,CWhere Have Allthe Bees Gone?Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on theirhands.All across the country，honeybees are leaving their hives and neverreturning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder.Accordingto surveys of beekeepers across the country，25 to 40 percent of the honeybeesin the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall.So far，noone can explain why.Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees playan important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat.Asthey feed，honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower.Without this process，aplant cant produce seedsor fruits.Now，a group of scientists andbeekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarmingcollapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior，health，and nutrition，team members hope to find out whats contributingto thedecline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future.It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility，Jay Evans，a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2，examines bees taken from coloniesthat are collapsing.“We know what a healthy bee should look like on theinside，and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees fromcollapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worndown，compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says.It may be that aparasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should.Moreover，they have high levels of bacteria inside theirbodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicalsthat farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops，says Jerry Hayes，chief beeinspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3.Some studies，hesays，suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervoussystem (which includes the brain) and memory.”It seems tike honeybees are goingout and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says.If itturns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse，bees genes couldexplain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not.In any group ofbees there are many different kinds of genes.The more different genes a grouphas，the higher the groups genetic diversity.So far scientists haventdetermined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse，but its a promisingtheory，says Evans.词汇：honeybee/5hQnIbi:/n.蜜蜂 parasite/5pArEsait/n.寄生虫;寄生生物hive/haiv/n.蜂巢;蜂箱 digestive/di5dVestiv,dai-/adj.消化的pollen/5pClEn/n.花粉 immune/i5mju:n/adj.免疫的beekeeper/5bi:ki:pE (r)/n.养蜂人 insecticide/in5sektisaid/n.杀虫剂expertise/7ekspE5ti:z/n. diversity/dai5vE:siti/n.多样性专门知识，专长注释：1. colony-collapse：群体瘫痪。colony有“殖民地”的意思，在此意为：a groupof the same kind of animals，plants，or one-celled organisms living or growingtogether.一群生活或生长在一起的同种动物、植物或单细胞有机体。2. the United States Department ofAgriculture(USDA) Bee Research Laboratory：美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。3. the FloridaDepartment of Agriculture：佛罗里达农业局。佛罗里达是美国东南部的一个州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。练习：1. What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?A Honeybeesare flying all across the country.B 25-40 percent of the honeybees inthe US have died.C Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.D Honeybee hives are in disorder.2. Why are research ersseriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder?A Because honeybees produce one-third of the foods we eat.B Becausehoneybees feed on flowers.C Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers.D Both B and C.3. What are the possible causes of colony-collapsedisorder given by the scientists?A Worsening environment.B Diseaseand chemicals.C Dwindlingnumber of flowers around.D Changes ingenes structures.4. According to the fifth paragraph，which of the following about bees genes is true?A Bees genes allow them to expand their colonies.B Beesgenes help keep them in their hives.C Beesgenes make them fly from flower to flower.D Beesgenes could explain the collapse of some colonies.5. What explanation is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon?A Farmers apply certain chemicals to killunwanted bees.B The insecticide destroys the honeybees nervous system.C The insecticide affects the honeybees memory.D All of theabove.标准答案： C,A,B,D,DListening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers. Tile device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated，the scientists say. Such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden，heavy rainfall，and can also be triggered by earthquakes and even water erosion.Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move，but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement，“slopes can become. unstable in a matter of hours or minutes,” says Nell Dixon at Loughborough University1,UK.He says a warning system that monitors this movement “might be enough to evacuate a block of fiats or clear a road，and save lives.”The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent landslide is to watch for changes in its shape.Surveyors can do this by measuring a site directly，or sensors sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope.Slopes can，however，change shape without triggering a landslide，so either method is prone to causing false alarms.Now Dixons team has developed a device that listens for the vibrations caused when particles begin moving within a slope.The device takes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a boreh01e in a slope.The borehole is filled in with gravel around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope.These vibrations pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the surface.Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent.The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment in Newcastle2，UK.Early results suggest it should provide fewer false positives than existing systems.Once it has been carefully and thoroughly tested，the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous slopes.“Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine like this,” says Adam Poulter，an expert at the British Red Cross.“As long as it doesnt cost too much.” But，Poulter adds that an early-warning system may not be enough on its own.“You need to have the human communication,” he says.“Making systems that get warnings to those who need them can be difficult.”词汇：landslide/5lAndslaId/n.山崩;地滑;塌方 imminent/5iminEnt/adj.即将发生的vibration/vai5breiFEn/n.振动 sensor/5sensE(r)/ n.传感器evacu