英文浅谈葡萄酒.doc

扩充知识：Wine Varieties 葡萄酒种类：（By wine making process 按工艺分）SPARKLING WINE 气泡葡萄酒 Champagne 香槟Cava 加瓦Other Sparkling wines 其他气泡酒STILL WINE 静态葡萄酒 Red 红葡萄酒White 白葡萄酒 Rose 桃红葡萄酒FORTIFIED WINE 加强葡萄酒 Port / Sherry 钵酒/雪利酒Wine Varieties 葡萄酒种类：（ By service sequence按用餐顺序分）Beginning of the meal 餐前Sugar 糖份 Alcohol 酒精Low 低 Aperitif （Dry sherry/Champagne/Light dry White） Low 低 餐前开胃酒 （干性雪利/香槟/清淡干白葡萄酒）Table Wine ( Red, White, Rose ) 佐餐酒 （红/白/玫瑰红）Dessert Wine ( Botrytis, Ice wine, Port, Late Harvest) 甜酒 （贵腐甜白，冰酒，钵酒，迟采半甜） High 高 Digestive ( Brandy, Liquors, Grappa ) High 高 消化酒 （白兰地，利口酒，果渣酒)End of the meal 餐后Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grape variety, a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素White varietals 白葡萄品种Chardonnay/莎当妮Sauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁Riesling/雷司令Gewuztraminer /格乌兹塔米内Pinot Grigio/灰皮诺Viognier/维奥妮Red varietals 红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon/卡本尼苏维翁 Merlot/梅洛 Cabernet Franc 卡本尼弗朗Shiraz (Syrah)/设拉子 Pinot Noir/黑皮诺 Sangiovese/桑吉奥维谢Nebbiolo /内比奥罗Zinfandel/仙芬黛 Tempranillo/泰普妮洛土壤沙质土 sand ( 质淡，葡萄成熟醇化速度较快）白垩土 chalk ( 多样化，高贵品种）砾石 gravel ( 品质佳，质地出色）黏土 clay ( 坚实，浓厚） 最重要的一个因素是土壤的排水性最差的土壤最有利于葡萄树的生长，“葡萄树生长最好的地方是什么都不能长的地方”。气候 热能 Heat (平均夏季不高于19.c, 冬季不低于 -1.c) 光照 Sunshine（影响果皮颜色） 降雨量 Rainfall （最好分配在春季和冬季）Old World 旧世界- France 法国- Italy 意大利- Spain 西班牙- Germany 德国- Portugal 葡萄牙- Greece 希腊- Hungary 匈牙利- Lebanon 黎巴嫩- Moldovia 摩尔多万New World 新世界- USA 美国- Canada 加拿大- Chile 智利- Argentina 阿根廷- Australia 澳大利亚- New Zealand 新西兰- South Africa 南非- China 中国扩展阅读：加利弗尼亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:The first Californian wine was made in 1782, but it was not until the 1830s that commercial winemaking began. Phylloxera, a root-feeding insect, devastated the California vineyards at the turn of the Century, and the industry was further struck by the Prohibition movement in the US of the early 1900s. By the 1950s however the industry was back on its feet, and making ink-black, tannic Cabernet Sauvignon blockbusters. Today, California is the most established of the New World wine regions. 2002 Production Volume: 230 million casesChina Share of Imports - 2002: 16%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / ZinfandelChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant population. Australian wine was revolutionized in the 1950s with the development of Penfolds Grange, a super-rich Shiraz that rivals the great Premier Grand Cru wines of Bordeaux. Since that time Australian wine has developed to become one of the most popular wine regions around the World. 2002 Production Volume: 95 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 18.4% MainWineStyles/Grapes:Shiraz / Cabernet / MerlotChardonnay / SemillonMajor Wine Brands:LindemansPenfoldsdArenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEA Snapshot - Facts and FiguresWinemaking History:Chiles winemaking began in the mid-1800s, and in the second half of the 20th Century it has been a story of a rapid drive to improve quality. This drive had been led by companies such as Concha y Toro, who have invested in modern vinification equipment and systems, French oak barrels, commitments to lower yields, and overall better fruit quality. Today Chile has established itself as a reliable producer of excellent value wines not only at entry level but also at mid-range and premium price points. 2002 Production Volume: 53 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 1.5%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / CarmenereChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajor Wine Brands:Concha y ToroLos Vascos, un: yes MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant population. Australian wine was revolutionized in the 1950s with the development of Penfolds Grange, a super-rich Shiraz that rivals the great Premier Grand Cru wines of Bordeaux. Since that time Australian wine has developed to become one of the most popular wine regions around the World. 2002 Production Volume: 95 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 18.4% Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Shiraz / Cabernet / MerlotChardonnay / SemillonMajor Wine Brands:LindemansPenfoldsdArenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEA Snapshot - Facts and FiguresWinemaking History:Chiles winemaking began in the mid-1800s, and in the second half of the 20th Century it has been a story of a rapid drive to improve quality. This drive had been led by companies such as Concha y Toro, who have invested in modern vinification equipment and systems, French oak barrels, commitments to lower yields, and overall better fruit quality. Today Chile has established itself as a reliable producer of excellent value wines not only at entry level but also at mid-range and premium price points. 2002 Production Volume: 53 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 1.5%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / CarmenereChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajor Wine Brands:Concha y ToroLos Vascos, un: yes MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant population. Australian wine was revolutionized in the 1950s with the development of Penfolds Grange, a super-rich Shiraz that rivals the great Premier Grand Cru wines of Bordeaux. Since that time Australian wine has developed to become one of the most popular wine regions around the World. 2002 Production Volume: 95 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 18.4% Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Shiraz / Cabernet / MerlotChardonnay / SemillonMajor Wine Brands:LindemansPenfoldsdArenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEA Snapshot - Facts and FiguresWinemaking History:Chiles winemaking began in the mid-1800s, and in the second half of the 20th Century it has been a story of a rapid drive to improve quality. This drive had been led by companies such as Concha y Toro, who have invested in modern vinification equipment and systems, French oak barrels, commitments to lower yields, and overall better fruit quality. Today Chile has established itself as a reliable producer of excellent value wines not only at entry level but also at mid-range and premium price points. 2002 Production Volume: 53 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 1.5%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / CarmenereChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajor Wine Brands:Concha y ToroLos Vascos, un: yes MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant population. Australian wine was revolutionized in the 1950s with the development of Penfolds Grange, a super-rich Shiraz that rivals the great Premier Grand Cru wines of Bordeaux. Since that time Australian wine has developed to become one of the most popular wine regions around the World. 2002 Production Volume: 95 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 18.4% Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Shiraz / Cabernet / MerlotChardonnay / SemillonMajor Wine Brands:LindemansPenfoldsdArenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEA Snapshot - Facts and FiguresWinemaking History:Chiles winemaking began in the mid-1800s, and in the second half of the 20th Century it has been a story of a rapid drive to improve quality. This drive had been led by companies such as Concha y Toro, who have invested in modern vinification equipment and systems, French oak barrels, commitments to lower yields, and overall better fruit quality. Today Chile has established itself as a reliable producer of excellent value wines not only at entry level but also at mid-range and premium price points. 2002 Production Volume: 53 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 1.5%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / CarmenereChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajor Wine Brands:Concha y ToroLos Vascos, un: yes MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant population.Australianwinewasrevolutionizedinthe1950swiththedevelopmentofPenfoldsGrange,asuper-rich Shiraz that rivals the great Premier Grand Cru wines of Bordeaux. Since that time Australian wine has developed to become one of the most popular wine regions around the World. 2002 Production Volume: 95 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 18.4% Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Shiraz / Cabernet / MerlotChardonnay / SemillonMajor Wine Brands:LindemansPenfoldsdArenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEA Snapshot - Facts and FiguresWinemaking History:Chiles winemaking began in the mid-1800s, and in the second half of the 20th Century it has been a story of a rapid drive to improve quality. This drive had been led by companies such as Concha y Toro, who have invested in modern vinification equipment and systems, French oak barrels, commitments to lower yields, and overall better fruit quality. Today Chile has established itself as a reliable producer of excellent value wines not only at entry level but also at mid-range and premium price points. 2002 Production Volume: 53 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 1.5%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / CarmenereChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajor Wine Brands:Concha y ToroLos Vascos, un: yes MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant population. Australian wine was revolutionized in the 1950s with the development of Penfolds Grange, a super-rich Shiraz that rivals the great Premier Grand Cru wines of Bordeaux. Since that time Australian wine has developed to become one of the most popular wine regions around the World. 2002 Production Volume: 95 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 18.4% Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Shiraz / Cabernet / MerlotChardonnay / SemillonMajor Wine Brands:LindemansPenfoldsdArenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEA Snapshot - Facts and FiguresWinemaking History:Chiles winemaking began in the mid-1800s, and in the second half of the 20th Century it has been a story of a rapid drive to improve quality. This drive had been led by companies such as Concha y Toro, who have invested in modern vinification equipment and systems, French oak barrels, commitments to lower yields, and overall better fruit quality. Today Chile has established itself as a reliable producer of excellent value wines not only at entry level but also at mid-range and premium price points. 2002 Production Volume: 53 million casesShare of China Imports - 2002: 1.5%Main Wine Styles / Grapes:Cabernet / Merlot / CarmenereChardonnay / Sauvignon BlancMajor Wine Brands:Concha y ToroLos Vascos, un: yes MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）Winemaking History:Winemaking in Australia goes back to 1788, with winemaking culture carried from Europe to Australia by the immigrant