230种晶体学空间群的记号.doc

230种晶体学空间群的记号 Symbols of the 230 Crystallographic Space Groups 空间群是点对称操作和平移对称操作的对称要素全部可能的组合。点群表示晶体外形上的对称关系，空间群表示晶体结构内部的原子及离子间的对称关系。空间群一共230个，它们分别属于32个点群。晶体结构的对称性不能超出230个空间群的范围，而其外形的对称性和宏观对称性则不能越出32个点群的范围。属于同一点群的各种晶体可以隶属于若干个空间群。230种晶体学空间群的记号Symbols of the 230 Crystallographic Space Groups晶系(Crystal system) 点群 (Point group) 空间群(Space group) 国际符号(HM) 圣佛利斯符号(Schfl.) 三斜 晶系 1 C1 P1 Ci P 单斜 晶系 2 P2 P21 C2 m Pm Pc Cm Cc 2/m P2/m P21/m C2/m P2/c P21/C C2/c 正交 晶系 222 P222 P2221 P21212 P212121 C2221 C222 F222 I222 I212121 mm2 Pmm2 Pmc21 Pcc2 Pma2 Pca21 Pnc2 Pmn21 Pba2 Pna21 Pnn2 Cmm2 Cmc21 Ccc2 Amm2 Abm2 Ama2 Aba2 Fmm2 Fdd2 Imm2 Iba2 Ima2 mmm Pmmm Pnnn Pccm Pban Pmma Pnna Pmna Pcca Pbam Pccn Pbcm Pnnm Pmmn Pbcn Pbca Pnma Cmcm Cmca Cmmm Cccm Cmma Ccca Fmmm Fddd Immm Ibam Ibca Imma 四方 晶系 4 P4 P41 P42 P43 I4 I41 P I 4/m P4/m P42/m P4/n P42/n I4/m I41/a 422 P422 P4212 P4122 P41212 P4222 P42212 P4322 P43212 I422 I4122 4mm P4mm P4bm P42cm P42nm P4cc P4nc P42mc P42bc I4mm I4cm I41md I41cd 2m P 2m P2c P 21m P21c P m2 P c2 P b2 Pn2 I m2 Ic2 I 2m I 2d 4/mmm P4/mmm P4/mcc P4/nbm P4/nnc P4/mbm P4/mnc P4/nmm P4/ncc P42/mmc P42/mcm P42/nbc P42/nnm P42/mbc P42/mnm P42/nmc P42/ncm I4/mmm I4/mcm I41/amd I41/acd 三方 晶系 3 P3 P31 P32 R3 P R 32 P312 P321 P3112 P3121 P3212 P3221 R32 3m P3m1 P31m P3c1 P31c R3m R3c m P1m P 1c Pm1 Pc1 R m R c 六方 晶系 6 P6 P61 P65 P62 P64 P63 P 6/m P6/m P63/m 622 P622 P6122 P6522 P6222 P6422 P6322 6mm P6mm P6cc P63cm P63mc m2 P m2 P c2 P 2m P 2c 6/mmm P6/mmm P6/mcc P63/mcm P63/mmc 立方 晶系 23 P23 F23 I23 P213 I213 m Pm3 Pn3 Fm3 Fd3 Im3 Pa3 Ia3 432 P432 P4232 F432 F4132 I432 P4332 P4132 I4132 3m P 3m F 3m I3m P3n F 3c I 3d m m Pm m Pn n Pmn Pn m Fm m Fm c Fd m Fd c Imm Ia d 1. The product was a mixture of unidentified dark blue microcrystals and brown crystals2. The mixture was then heated at 180C for four days in a Teflon-coated steel autoclave. The product, consisting of clear single crystals of MAP-RHO1 and an unidentified white powder, was recovered by filtration and washed with deionized water.3. Attempts to isolate this compound by removal of solvent (0 OC, l0-2 mmHg) resulted in decomposition to unidentifiable products.4. Strong hydrogen bonding occurs only when the hydrogen atom is collinear with the bonded atoms.5. The hydrogen atom is located closer to one atom or the other.6. Here the substitutional hydrogen atom located in a surface vacancy or the hydrogen at an interstitial position of surface is a half-confined atom which is only weakly bound.7. The ethylenediamine ligand was chosen for its ability to chelate copper ions leaving two free positions translocated so that Cu(en) 2 2+ can act as a linking agent between two POMs, via bridging oxygen atoms 4 and (c. We have studied the influence of the initial pH . 8. The ions or molecules surrounding the central atom are calledligands. Ligands are generally bound to the central atom by acoordinate covalent bond(donating electrons from alone electron pairinto an empty metal orbital), and are said to becoordinatedto the atom. There are also organic ligands such asalkeneswhosepi bondscan coordinate to empty metal orbitals. An example isethenein the complex known asZeises salt, K+PtCl3(C2H4).9. One nickel ionis coordinatedby three ligands (with low occupancy of a fourth ligand) and the second iscoordinatedby five ligands.10. The eleven tungsten centers of compound 1 have a distorted octahedral geometry.11. All thetungstenatomshave distorted octahedral geometry and thebond-valencesum(BVS) model25 clearly indicates that all thetungsten atomsare in the +6oxidationstate.12. (1) dispersion of thenegativechargeover many atoms of thepolyanionand13. Anal. Calc. For14. which is not thought of as being novel. 15. be thought of as和 be considered as 和 be seen as作为 “被视为/被看作的语义上讲，总体上3个表达一样, 类似还有：regard.as./ view.as./ treat.as./ look on .as.,etc. 16. The coordination sphere around each of the six equivalent Zn(II)ionsexhibitsdistortedoctahedralgeometry, with a single TFA anion (not shown)occupying the sixth coordination site in all cases.17. The coordinationgeometryof this cadmium ion displays a distorted octahedron, with His143 N 2 , His153 N 2 , Wat359 and Wat416 forming anoctahedralbase plane, and His147 N 2 and Wat418 being located at the vertices18. In these polymers the metal atomexhibitsoctahedralgeometrybut only two coordination sites of transition metal were used topropagate the network.19. The coordinationgeometryof this cadmium ion displays a distorted octahedron, with His143 N2 , His153 N 2 , Wat359 and Wat416 forming anoctahedralbase plane, and His147 N 2 andWat418 being located at the vertices20. receivescontributionsfrom fournitrogendonors belonging totwoen molecules,twooxygen donors fromtwocluster anions21. Thecoordinationgeometryaroundcopper ionscanapproximately bedescribedasorthorhombically distorted octahedral22. Each Mn(1) atom is bridged with threesymmetry-equivalentMn(1) atoms throughO(1) atoms and each O(1) atom is linked with three Mn(1) atoms.23. Each metal ion in the square is six-coordinate; four of thecoordinationsitesareoccupiedby thenitrogenatomsof two of bpy ligands and the remaining ciscoordinationsitesareoccupiedby cyanide-carbon or cyanide-nitrogenatoms.24. cube- 50 shaped blocks havingparallel front and rearfaces, parallel sidefacesand parallelupperand lowerfaces.25. the two molecules shown in cyan (!) andred(/) are related by a crystallographic two-fold axis, perpendicular to theplane, likewisered(Hi) and.26. with itsapexpointingin thedirectionof flow27. The 690 (675) em -1 loss with a relatively strong intensityisascribedto the SiCsymmetric stretchingvibration, because the SiC stretchingvibrationsof organa-siliconcompounds are observed between -600 and 800 cm !28. The 1100700cm1range shows the AsO stretching modes of the (AsO3OH)2and (As2O7)4groups. As already mentioned, the complexity of the crystal structure does not allow to be more specific. The strong and sharp band in infrared and the weak one in Raman spectra around 909cm1could be attributed to the antisymmetric bridge stretching vibration,as(AsOAs) of pyroarsenate groups27. The most intense Raman bands around 876cm1(very weak in IR) and 857cm1correspond to the symmetric stretching vibrations of (AsO3OH)2and (As2O7)4groups, respectively.29. Compound 2 has been synthesized with the same procedure with Pb(OAc)2 .3H2O30. The geometry around Cu(1) has the square pyramidal coordination with 3NO donor atoms in the basal plane and water oxygen atom at the apical position.31. Each dca ligand adoptingthe end-to-endcoordinationmodeis -bonded to two MnII ions with an MnMn separ-32. ThetwoCys S atomsbindto thecopperions in a distortedsquare planar fashion, each S interacting with bothcopperions.33. The vibrational results strongly suggest that methionine sulfur isboundtocopperin the proteins.34. and Nd was bonded to the COO- group of EAA.35. the electrons areinter-sharedbetween the different atoms.36. The central atom or ion, together with all ligands comprise thecoordination sphere.37. is the neutral Cu(bpca)(dca)(H 2 O) complex in which the three bpca nitrogen atoms and a terminal dcanitrogenbindtocopperin equatorial positions38. The XPS estimations obtained on thevalencestate values are in reasonable agreement with those calculated from bond valence sum calculations of compounds 1-3.39. Both Sn atoms exist in distorted octa- hedralgeometries, eachdefinedby two cis-CH.40. The CuI ion is coordinated in a tetrahedral configuration41. theligandcoordinatesonly via the phosphorus atom42. half the dcaligandscoordinatedirectly (through all threenitrogenatoms) to three Mn atoms43. W spectroscopic data of solutions of PCs in dimethyl sulfoxide were obtained with a Beckmann DU-7 W-Vis spectrophotometer44. The UV-vis-near I R spectra were recorded in N,N-di- methylformamide (DMF) solution by using a Perkin-Elmer45. theSnatomexistsin adistortedtetragonalgeometryin which the basal planeis defined by four Satomsand the axial positions are occupied bytwobutyl substituents46. Thesame procedurewascarriedoutwith 2 ml of plant extract (10 g/l) instead of rutin solution.All determinations werecarriedoutin duplicates. 47. thesameprocedurewascarriedoutin the absence of ex- tracellular Na, with choline used in place of Na, 48. Fe1 (Fe1A) with NO