采收期论文：山西乡宁地区葡萄采收时间对葡萄及葡萄酒酚类物质与抗氧化活性影响.doc

采收期论文：山西乡宁地区葡萄采收时间对葡萄及葡萄酒酚类物质与抗氧化活性影响【中文摘要】山西省乡宁县为中国一个新兴的葡萄与葡萄酒产区,其独特的气候条件受到国内外葡萄酒行业人士的关注。该地区葡萄酒产业刚刚起步,一切仍在完善与探索之中。本研究旨在为当地酿酒葡萄最佳采收期的确定提供研究基础。本研究以山西省乡宁县赤霞珠与梅尔诺两个葡萄品种为实验材料,按时间段进行6次采样,同时将各时期采摘的葡萄用相同的酿造工艺酿成酒度为12度的干型葡萄酒,并对其基本理化成分进行分析。另外对各采收期葡萄果皮、种子以及葡萄酒中的酚类物质(总酚,总类黄酮,总黄烷醇及总花色苷)与抗氧化活性(DPPH清除力,铜离子【英文摘要】The Xiangning County, Shanxi Province is a nascent producing area for grape and wine, and being focused on by a great number of grape and wine researchers due to its unique condition in geography and climate. However, its wine industry is still at an initial stage and everything is being fumbling for. The purpose of this study was to provide academic guidance for local wine production. In this research, two genotypes of grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon (sampling at Sep. 16, 21, 26 and 30, Oct. 6 and 15, 2010) and Merlot (sampling at Sep. 16, 21, 26 and 30, Oct. 6 and 9, 2010) were chosen as experimental materials, and used to make dry wine (about 12%) through the same technology. In addition, the physicochemical propoties of these wines were detected. Then, the grape skins, seeds and wine from these two varieties harvested at different time were studied for their phenolic compounds, such as total phenolics, total flavonoid, total flavanol and total anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity using several assays based on different characteristics, such as DPPH scavenging capacity, cupric reducing power, Potassium ferricyanide reducing activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and metal chelating capacity. And optimal harvest time about the two varieties in Xiangning County was identified through analyzing all these indicators using the principal component analysis. Moreover, it was found that the berry shrivel (BS) phenomenon, which has aroused great concern, also occurred in Xiangning County. In this research, the BS was studied for its impact on phenolics and antioxidant capacity of grape berries. The primary conclusions were as follows:(1) Phenolic compounds were extracted from grape skins and seeds using acidified methanol (1 M HCl in 80% methanol), respectively. The extracts solution was used to analyze total phenolics, total flavonoid, total flavanol and total anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity using several assays mentioned above. Then combined with basic physicochemical composition, we applied the method of the principal component analysis to make comprehensive evaluation of the quality of each grape sample from different harvest time. The results show that grape quality was in the decreasing order as follows: Cabernet Sauvigon, CS 9-16,CS 9-21,CS 9-26,CS 10-15,CS 9-30,CS 10-6; Merlot, ML 10-6,ML 10-9,ML 9-30,ML 9-26,ML 9-21,ML 9-16.(2) All wine samples were used to analyze penenolic compounds and antioxidant activity using several assays mentioned above. Then combined with basic physicochemical composition in each wine sample, we applied the method of the principal component analysis to make comprehensive evaluation of the quality of each wine sample from different harvest time. The results show that wine quality was in the decreasing order as follows: Cabernet Sauvigon, CS 9-16,CS 9-21,CS 10-6,CS 10-15,CS 9-30,CS 9-26; Merlot, ML 10-9,ML 10-6,ML 9-16,ML 9-30,ML 9-21,ML 9-26.(3) Cabernet Sauvignon is a late-mature cultivars, however, the optimal harvest time for Cabernet Sauvignon is about Sep. 16 according with the study on grape and wine mentioned above. It is more beneficial to wine quality that Cabernet Sauvignon was harvested earlierly when it is impossble to reach complete maturity. Merlot is middle-late mature varieties, and the optimal harvest time for Merlot is about Oct. 69 according with the study on grape and wine mentioned above.(4) Berry shrivel (BS), a berry development disorder, appears soon after veraison. It occurs worldwide and affects the quality of grape berries and wine. However, it had not been reported in China until recently. This study aimed to investigate the changes in berry composition and antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from Xiangning Valley, Shanxi Province, China, during BS. Shrinkage contributed to an increase in the concentration of basic grape ingredients such as sugar and acid. An appropriate degree of shrinkage was apparently helpful in improving the phenolic content and increasing the antioxidant activity, but the berries that continued to shrivel showed a low antioxidant activity. Further, the results indicated distinct differences between the berries harvested from the southern side of the canopy and those harvested from the northern side, presumably due to variations in sunlight exposure.【关键词】采收期 赤霞珠 梅尔诺 酚类物质 抗氧化能力【英文关键词】harvest time Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot phenolic compounds antioxidant acticity【目录】山西乡宁地区葡萄采收时间对葡萄及葡萄酒酚类物质与抗氧化活性影响摘要5-7ABSTRACT7-8第一章 文献综述12-221.1 葡萄与葡萄酒中酚类物质概述12-161.1.1 非黄酮类物质12-131.1.2 黄酮类物质13-161.2 酚类物质与抗氧化能力的关系16-171.2.1 氧化应力16-171.2.2 抗氧化剂171.2.3 葡萄酒酚类物质与抗氧化活性171.3 采收期对葡萄与葡萄酒的影响17-191.3.1 葡萄果实成熟期浆果酚类物质变化17-181.3.2 葡萄果实中酚类物质成熟度检测方法18-191.4 葡萄皱缩定义及其研究现状19-201.4.1 葡萄皱缩19-201.4.2 BS 症状201.5 山西省乡宁县及其葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展概况20-211.5.1 山西省乡宁县概况20-211.5.2 山西省葡萄与葡萄酒产业概况211.6 课题研究的目的与意义21-22第二章 采收时间对葡萄与葡萄酒酚类物质影响22-382.1 材料与方法22-262.1.1 植物材料222.1.2 试剂222.1.3 主要仪器与设备22-232.1.4 试验方法23-262.1.5 数据处理262.2 结果与讨论26-372.2.1 总酚27-302.2.2 总类黄酮30-322.2.3 总黄烷醇32-352.2.4 总花色苷35-362.2.5 离子化花色苷36-372.3 结论37-38第三章 采收时间对葡萄与葡萄酒抗氧化活性影响38-533.1 材料与方法38-413.1.1 植物材料383.1.2 试剂383.1.3 主要仪器与设备383.1.4 试验方法38-403.1.5 数据分析40-413.2 结果与分析41