大学英语unit1.doc

Unit1 Students Societies in BritainTheres no need to be lonely when you reach your chosen university or collegejoin one of the many clubs or societies on offer and you are sure to make friends quickly. The major benefit of joining them is that whether you choose to join a society or club because it will introduce you to people who share your interests, or to try something new, it is a great way to start your life in the UK.The students union is the place to search for these new experiences. Student-run societies offer an incredibly diverse range of interests and activitiesfrom groups based on common nationality or religion, to leisure and matters that are more academic. There will also be a range of sports clubs on offer, from football to hockey to table tennis. Joining a club or society will not only increase the number of people with similar interests you can meet, but may well help you improve your English and adjust more easily to a new culture.Hull University really goes to town in making its international students feel at home. Aimee Read, sports and leisure officer at Hull, explains: Here at Hull we actually have our own International Students Association, which is a standing committee in all union business, with as much power as any other part of the students union. The international Student Association hosts its own freshers week, as well as various events and parties all through the year. Aside from this, Hull also has many other cultural clubs and societies, ranging from the Saudi Society to the Christian Union. The University of Plymouth students union offers an International Students Society and has a strong Afro-Caribbean society, but it reckons the most popular society with its international students is the musical theatre society, proving that once you settle in to life in the UK you dont have to just stick with what you already know.Every university or college over here has a great selection of clubs and societies for you to choose from. Many cultural societies have links with other universities, or even national networks, meaning you get a chance to mingle with people you share an interest with that you wouldnt usually get the chance to meet. This is certainly the case with the Union of Jewish Students (UJS), at the University of Delon, which is nationally run with groups at most universities. The Muslim Student Society (MSS), at the University of Greford, organizes many events at local and national levels, including an annual national conference, which offers members the chance to get political as well as party. Joining a society makes you bond with other students who share your interests.Cultural societies are not the only way to meet people. Joining a sports club is a good way to find your feet at university. Not only will joining a sports club help you make friends, it will help your understanding of British culture, both on and off the playing field. Sports clubs offer an exciting social life for their teams, from club events after a match to going on an international tour to play abroad. Sports nights at the students union are generally the busiest nights, wherever you are studying.So make sure you check out whats on offer, either by attending the freshers fair or looking in the students union handbook, which lists what societies are on offer, and which is available from your university or college union. Some university websites also offer links to their societies and clubs, so it is a good idea to check them out too. If you cannot find one that interests you, there will be plenty of support to start your own group. With a little effort, the benefits of joining a club or society will make your introduction to higher education in Britain easier and a lot of fun. After all, student life is not just about work!Even if you are not the club type it is recommended that you do get out and see Britain. The British university or college experience is more than just burying your heads in books. For three years or more, you will be immersed in one of the most vibrant (有活力的) countries on earth. Its culture and history make it one of the most exciting places to study.Britain is made up of four countries; generally, the further north you go the less expensive the cost of living becomes. But across the whole of the UK, the cities are cosmopolitan and vibrant. Wherever you go, there is plenty to stimulate mind, body and soul. London is the economic and political center of the UK and one of the most multi-cultural cities on the planet. For the budding student, the London area is expensive. But, the region offers everything that is going, with the best in clubs, theatre, cinema, art, and restaurants. Outside London, one can go to Brighton, a favorite retreat for Londoners wanting clubs, events and fun; the Southwest, a mainly rural region with some of Englands most beautiful countryside and oldest heritage, and Scotland with its stunning and varied scenery, pub and club culture, art, and world-famous festival.1. The passage focuses on the examples of universities with great clubs. Y N NG 2. Joining one of the many clubs and societies is a great way to start your life in the UK. Y N NG 3. People in Students Union are usually friendly and ready to help. Y N NG 4. Hull University has its own International Students Association. Y N NG 5. The benefits of joining in clubs or societies include making freshers meet with other students who have similar interests. Y N NG 6. Joining a sports club will help your understanding of British culture only on the playing field. Y N NG 7. All the university websites offer links to their societies and clubs. Y N NG 8. If you cannot find one society or club that interests you, there will be plenty of support to start . 9. Britains make it one of the most exciting places to study. 10. The Southwest of Britain is a mainly with some of Englands most beautiful countryside and oldest heritage. How to Be True to YourselfMy grandparents believed you were either honest or you wont. There was no in between. They had a simple motto hanging on their living-room wall: Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show. They didnt have to talk about itthey demonstrated the motto by the way they lived.They understood instinctively that integrity (诚实) means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency (私利) and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply todayand getting scarcer. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. And it is something we must demand of ourselves.A good test of this value is to look at what I call the Integrity Triad, which consists of three key principles.Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure. Theres a story told about a surgical nurses first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all instruments and materials were accounted for during as abdominal operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, Youve only removed 11 sponges (海绵) and we used 12. We need to find the last one.I removed them all, the doctor declared. Well close now.You cant do that, sir, objected the rookie (新手) nurse. Think of the patient.Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the 12th sponge. Youll do just fine in this or any other hospital, he told her.When you know youre right, you cant back down.Always give other credit that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, made this point clear to his newly appointed office heads by sending each a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll: If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants. And that is precisely what the company becameone of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world.Be honest and open about who you really are. People who lack genuine core values rely on external factorstheir looks or statusin order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this faade (门面), but they will do very little to develop their value and personal growth.So be yourself. Dont engage in a personal cover-up (掩饰) of areas that are unpleasing in your life. When its tough, do it tough. In other words, face reality and be adult in your responses to lifes challenges.Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not succumbing (屈服) to the seductive sirens of an easy morality (道德) will always win the day. It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror (后视镜). My grandparents taught me that.1. According to the passage the authors grandparents thought that a person was either honest or dishonest. Y N NG 2. They always told him the meaning of the motto hanging on their living-room wall and asked him to follow it. Y N NG 3. Integrity that is in abundant supply today is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Y N NG 4. The surgeon was sure that all the 12 sponges have been removed but he wanted to test the nurses integrity. Y N NG 5. Knowing youre right, you should try to persuade others to believe you. Y N NG 6. According to the author, people who are smarter are threatening. Y N NG 7. The founder of Ogilvy & Mather encouraged his office heads to employ younger people. Y N NG 8. People who lack rely on their looks or status to get self-confidence. 9. Being challenged by life, you should face . 10. Self-respect and a are powerful components of integrity. Spiten.(in of) despite; regardless of 虽然；尽管 They went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨，他们还是外出了。 In spite of all of his efforts he failed.尽管他作了种种努力，但还是失败了。 Clashvi.1. disagree about sth. 不一致；冲突 The couple clashed on the question of where to spend their holidays.夫妻俩对上哪儿去度假意见不一致。 Richard clashed frequently with Goldsmith.理查德和戈德史密斯经常意见相左。 2. come to a fight冲突 They clashed with the police in the street.他们在街上和警察发生了冲突。 The two armies clashed near the boundary this morning.今晨两支军队在边境附近发生了交火。 n.1. C an argument不一致；争论 There is a clash between the two party leaders.两党的领导人之间发生了争执。 There is a clash of interests in this project.这个项目中存在着利益上的冲突。 2. C a short fight冲突 The demonstration ended in a violent clash with the police.示威游行最后以与警察发生激烈冲突结束。 There were violent clashes downtown.在市中心发生了暴力冲突。 Traditionn.C, U beliefs or customs passed down from one generation to the next 传统 By tradition, people play jokes on April 1.根据传统习俗，人们在四月一日相互捉弄和开玩笑。 Its a tradition to sing Jingle Bells on Christmas.圣诞节唱“铃儿响叮当”是一种传统。Adjustmentn.C, U the act of adjusting 调整 I made a few very minor adjustments to the decoration, which in general had been excellent.我对装饰做了几处小修改, 但总体来说装饰棒极了。 The room was full of dancers, all making last-minute adjustments to their costumes.满屋子是舞蹈演员，都在对演出服做最后的调整。 Honeymoonn.C a holiday taken by a couple who have just got married; (fig.) a period of good feeling or good relations 蜜月期；（喻）短暂的和谐期 I havent had a holiday for ten years, not since our honeymoon.自蜜月以后，整整10年我都没有休过假。 As he tries to deal with the problems, he may find that his political honeymoon is over.当他设法处理那些问题时，他会发现自己的政治蜜月期已经结束。Marvelousa.(BrE marvellous) extremely good; wonderful 非常好的；绝妙的 Its marvelous how hes managed to climb that far.他竟然能爬那么远，真是不可思议。 The performance is simply marvelous.演出精彩极了！ Amusementn.1. U the feeling of being amused 愉快，快乐 She could not cover her amusement at his mistake.对他的错误，她禁不住觉得好笑。 To everybodys amusement, the actor fell off the stage.那个演员从舞台上掉了下来，大家都感到好笑。 2. C sth. that makes time pass pleasantly娱乐（消遣）活动 The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements.这家旅馆为客人们提供各式各样的娱乐活动。 Outdoor amusement will relax you after a days work in office.在办公室里呆了一整天之后，户外娱乐活动可使你得到放松。 Hostilityn.U unfriendly behavior or feeling towards sb. 敌意；敌对 There is now open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人之间的敌意已经公开化了。 Their friendship is regarded with hostility.人们对他们的友谊持敌视态度。 Moreoverad.whats more; in addition 此外；而且 I dont want to go skating; moreover, the ice is too thin.我不想去滑冰；再说，冰也太薄了。 The idea was not good; moreover, it would have been too expensive.这个建议不太好，而且实施起来花费也太大。Anymoread.(used in negatives) (not) any longer 再也（不） Money doesnt seem to matter to him anymore.金钱似乎对他已无关紧要了。 People are not interested in movie anymore.现在人们对看电影不再感兴趣。Distressvt.make sb. feel very upset 使痛苦；使苦恼 Please dont distress yourself.请别悲伤。 The erratic motion of the plane distressed me to no end.飞机的颠簸让我担心极了。 n.U a feeling of extreme unhappiness痛苦，苦恼 Her death was a great distress to all the family.他去世使全家人感到万分悲痛。 Two in distress makes sorrow less.同病相怜。 Devisevt.create or invent a new way of doing sth. 设计；发明 The teacher has devised a new method of teaching foreign languages.那位老师发明了一种教授外语的新方法。 He devised a plan for getting the jewels out of the country.他想出了一个把珠宝带出国的计划。 mechanism n.C a way of behaving that helps sb. deal with a problem 行为方式；机制 Rabbits, too, have their survival mechanisms.兔子也有自己的生存之道。 Her offensive way is just a defense mechanism.她的咄咄逼人不过是出于防卫心理。 cope vi.be able to deal with sth. difficult 应付；处理 The local government has successfully coped with the problems of environmental pollution.当地政府成功地解决了环境污染问题。 Its a tough job but Im sure hell cope.这是一项艰难的工作，但我肯定他能克服困难，完成任务。 repression n.1. U control of strong feelings （对情感或欲望的）压抑；抑制 The repression of ones true feelings is wrong.抑制自己的真实情感是不对的。 He felt that much unhappiness was because of repression.他感到许多的不快都是由压抑引起的。 2. U cruel and severe control of a large group of people镇压 They were a people who knew repression; they had suffered under a totalitarian ruler their entire lives.他们这个民族深知压迫之苦，他们一生都遭受独裁者的统治。 The political repression in this country is imposed by severe fear.这个国家的政治镇压是通过恐怖行动来实施的。 acceptable a.good enough; satisfactory 可接受的；合意的 I would not call the breakfast great, but it was generally acceptable.我不认为早餐好极了，但基本上也还过得去。 Some low-fat cheeses have quite an acceptable flavor but some taste like rubber.有些低脂奶酪味道不错，但有些吃起来就味同嚼蜡了。 regression n.U a return to an earlier stage of development 回归；倒退 The psychologist believed that the man was experiencing regression as a result of dealing with a new situation.心理学家认为那男子因面临新形势而正处于行为回归阶段。 Regression is a psychological state that a person should guard against.行为倒退是我们应该提防的心理状态。 irresponsible a.not responsible 不负责任的 Police blame higher crime rates on irresponsible parents who allow their teenage children to stay out all night.警方把犯罪率上升归因于不负责任的家长，他们任由自己十多岁的孩子在外彻夜不归。 It was highly irresponsible of him to leave the children alone in the house.他把孩子们单独留在家，极不负责。 isolate vt.keep sb. or sth. apart from other people or things 使孤立；使隔离 When a person has an infectious disease, he is usually isolated from other people.人患传染病时通常与他人隔离。 She kept herself almost isolated from her colleagues.她几乎不与同事来往。 isolation n.U the state of being isolated 隔离；孤立 They live in complete isolation in a mountain.他们在山里过着完全与世隔绝的生活。 fight in isolation孤军奋战 reject vt.1. refuse to accept sth. 拒绝；不接受 She rejected his offer of marriage.她拒绝了他的求婚。 He was rejected by the army because of his poor sight.他由于视力差而未被接受入伍。 2. throw sth. away抛弃，丢弃 Damaged products were rejected by our quality control.受损的产品经检验不合格而报废。 She rejected all the buns that were burned.她剔弃所有烘焦的小甜圆面包。 rejection n.C, U the act of not accepting 拒绝；不接受 The companys rejection made him disappointed.公司回绝了他，令他很失望。 Ive applied for ten jobs, but all Ive got back is rejections.我申请了十份工作，但都被回绝了。 utilize vt.(BrE utilise) use; make use of 使用 You may be able to utilize their assistance.你或许能用得上他们的帮助。 You should utilize your abilities in a suitable job.你应该在合适的工作上发挥自己的才能。 deal vi.(dealt, dealt) (with) take action, esp. to solve a problem 对付；应付；处理 However, not all problems can be dealt with mathematically.然而，不是所有问题都可以用数学方法来解决的。 They should deal properly and fairly with any complaint.他们应该合理、公正地处理任何投诉。 hostile a.1. angry and very unfriendly toward sb. 怀有敌意的，敌对的 She found his attitude to her obviously hostile.她发现他对自己的态度明显怀有敌意。 She gave him a hostile look.她怀有敌意地看了他一眼。 2. of an enemy敌方的，好战的 a