课题设计-.doc

沈阳农业大学学士学位论文玉米对灰斑病的抗性遗传研究前言一、介绍玉米灰斑病对玉米生产的影响二、介绍玉米灰斑病的抗性遗传研究进展三、介绍RIl群体的特点和在研究中应用的情况根据自己的想法围绕论文题目重新设计编写前言下面这些仅提供参考参考文献中重组自交系有关的文章都看一下，进行总结其应用进展由玉蜀黍尾孢菌引起的玉米灰斑病是一种危害较重的玉米叶部病害。1924年该病在美国的亚历山大州和伊利诺斯州首次发现，1991年在我国辽宁丹东、庄河等地大发生，目前已成为限制东北玉米生产的重要叶斑病害，近几年西南地区也有发生流行报道。研究和实践表明：在拓宽玉米种质基础的前提下，充分挖掘抗病基因资源，开展抗病育种，是防治玉米灰斑病最有效的途径。目前应用的作图群体有4类，分别为单交组合所产生的F2代或由其衍生F3、F4家系；回交和三交（复交）群体；重组近交系（RIL）群体和加倍单倍体（DH）群体。利用BC1或F2等非永久作图群体所构建的分子遗传图谱，无法继续将其饱和，利用其进行QTL准确定位需要构建较大群体，工作量较大。采用永久群体如重组自交系与DH群体进行分子遗传图谱的构建已经成为目前国际上图谱构建的主流方向。重组近交系（recombinant inbred line, RIL）群体中各家系在达到纯合之前，经过了多轮的减数分裂过程，因此连锁基因间发生重组的可能性更大，同时基因的多效性效应能够被窥探。Austin和Lee证实了利用RIL发掘QTL的优势。徐云碧与朱立煌认为在六种作图群体中DH 系或BC 群体提供的信息量仅仅是F2群体的一半。对于紧密连锁的基因座位, RIL 提供了几乎与F2群体相同的信息量; 对于极紧密连锁的基因座( r = 0.05)，RIL所提供的信息量几乎为F2 群体的2倍。各类作图群体中，重组自交系群体在植物遗传育种研究中具有其特殊重要的 作用：（1）利用重组自交系群体构建遗传图谱可以检测到更紧密的连锁。（2）群体 以家系为单位，材料几乎不受限制，可以同时研究多个抗病性状，对大豆抗花叶病 毒不同株系的研究非常有用。（3）由于是永久群体，可以在不同时间、不同地点进 行重复试验，更好地估计遗传效应及遗传与环境的互作，非常适合用来进行数量性 状的QTL定位和遗传的分离分析研究。 但是重组自交系群体的构建经过了多轮的减数分裂和自然选择，最终得到的群 体可能偏离理论群体，影响群体的利用，因此有必要对实际群体的偏分离进行分析。1 材料与方法1.1 试验材料与田间种植安排以感病自交系掖478和抗病自交系齐319为亲本杂交，经多代自交构建的重组自交系群体（F6代植株），共包括300个家系。2012年在沈阳农业大学试验田种植试验材料。采用完全随机区组排列，2个亲本各设置8个重复，RIL家系设置两次重复，单行区，行长4米，每行17株。表1 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