空复习参考2011年广东高考英语语法填.doc

民族神话鸿蒙未辟宇宙洪荒亿万斯年四极不张2011年广东高考英语语法填空一、考查形式 广东省高考英语科“语法填空”从命题的形式上看，它依据语篇，考查语法的分析与运用能力；用此题取代单项选择，更好地体现了新课程的理念，实现了从“题感”向“语感”培养的回归：“语法填空”命题形式：要求考生阅读一篇大约200个词的短文，然后完成l0个语法填空。考生应按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空：二、命题特点 具体有以下特点：1、考查多项语法点。 在考点分方面，所涉及的语法知识类型可以分为实词的形态题和功能词的使用题两类， 一个空格 基本上代表一个语法点，10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语法点。对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的。 两年均未考查的项目为数词、助动词、情态动词和名词。2、考查语法规则。 每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they_ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed；由had, left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是were allowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。例 2 The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.解析：因为why 引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason。点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。3、考查语境理解。 既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。例3 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities。点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格. 要根据句子结构的前后提示做答。例4 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。例5 It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式believable；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案为unbelievable。三、解答语法填空题的思路1) 根据语法知识进行填充 每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。如：In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they_ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 因allow与they是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed；由had, left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是were allowed。此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。2) 根据逻辑关系进行填充 表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。3) 根据语篇标志进行填充 语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等； “语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。4) 根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，对解题很有帮助。 5) 根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat, it is(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。6) 根据词汇知识进行填充指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾语的动词，接to do作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接doing或done作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。7) 根据生活常识进行填充 I crossed the street to avoid 1 (meet) him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use 2 (pretend) that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy 3 (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything 4 (do). No matter how busy you are, he always insists on 5 (come) with you.答案：1.meeting 2. pretending 3. meeting 4. to do 5. coming四、备考策略1) 不断记忆，积累词汇。语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配。2) 夯实基础，学好语法。英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。3) 大声朗读，培养语感。语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。4) 坚持不懈，多做练习。语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。根据“课标”及考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握24个语法项目，包括：1、名词 (可数名词及其单复数；不可数名词；专有名词；名词所有格)；2、代词(人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词)；3、数词(基数词；序数词)；4、介词和介词短语；5、连词；6、形容词(比较级和最高级)；7、副词(比较级和最高级)；8、冠词(定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词)；9、动词(动词的基本形式；系动词；及物动词和不及物动词；助动词；情态动词)；10、时态(一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；过去将来时；将来进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时)；11、被动语态；12、非谓语动词(动词不定式；动词的-ing形式；动词的-ed形式)；13、构词法(合成法；派生法；转化法；缩写和简写)；14、句子种类(陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句)；15、句子成分(主语；谓语；表语；宾语；定语；状语；补语)；16、简单句的基本句型；（五种句型）17、主谓一致；18、并列复合句；19、主从复合句(宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句；主语从句；表语从句)；20、间接引语；21、省略；22、倒装；23、强调；24、虚拟语气。要特别关注重点的语法项目：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、强调、虚拟语气、动词（时态、语态、非谓语形式）、词类转换、连词、冠词、副词、从句等。1、考纲新增语法项目：现在完成进行时将来进行时强调虚拟语气2.强调句型与状语从句的区别：It was at 9 oclock _he came back.It was 9 oclock _he came back.3、定语从句与同位语从句中关联词的区别：The truth _ he told me is very important. The truth _he passed the exam is very important.(keys: which/that/X引导定语从句 that引导同位语从句 )4、在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时的用法。Please tell him to call back when he _(come) back.I dont know when he _(come) back. (keys: comes will come )5、标点符号的指示作用He sent me a letter,_ (invite) me to dinner.（注：“Inviting”现在分词表内容； “to invite” 作目的状语不能用逗号隔开）The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expected.The weather turned out to be very good;_ was more than we could expected.注：which引导非限制性定语从句；that用“分号”说明是并列分句，与定语从句无关6、独立主格结构的作用All the guests having arrived(=When all the guests had arrived), the meeting was declared open.Her tea finished(=After her tea was finished), she went on with her work.7、垂悬分词：有些已成为习惯用法的分词或短语并不受逻辑主语的制约，具有介词或连词的性质，表明说话者的态度或角度。eg: including, supposing(假设), owing to, considering(考虑到)，concerning(关于)，judging from/by, generally/strictly speaking, .Eg: Everybody in my family likes the cross-talk, including ,me.Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. They have done well considering (that) they have no experience. 8、固定句型：It is the first time that sb.+现在完成时It was the first time that+ 过去完成时9、注意感官动词、使役动词后面的宾语补足语：doing(主动、进行)do(主动，全过程)done(被动、完成)see/watch/notice/look at宾补+宾语+ let/make/have listen to/hear feel10.注意变成过去式、现在分词、过去分词须双写最后字母的单词以及不规则动词等，如：prefer; permit, cut11.由as引导的定语从句与形式主语的区别：_ is known to all, the sun is bigger than the earth._ is known to all that the sun is bigger than the earth.12.the other表示_; the others表示_; others表示_; other表示_。e.g. 1) She has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is an engineer. 2) Some went to the Great Wall, others visited the Miyun Reservior. 3) You have seen one of the photos of my sister. Now Ill show you the others.4) Have you any other novels?13.全系动词和半系动词：1）全系动词：look/smell/taste/sound/feel注意： 后面+adj. 不能用被动语态 不用进行时 不能直接否定表语，要否定系动词。2）半系动词：wash/sell/write/注意： 后面+adv. 不能用被动语态 不用进行时 要否定半系动词。Eg:The ice feels cold. The book sells well. The pen writes well.14.只能用引导定语从句的情况五、高考实例（10广东）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或受用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。A young man,while traveling through a desert，csme across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_33_.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled_34_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home_35_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?” W_w w.k*s*5 u.co m The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m答案：31-35The/who/presented/warmly/with 36-40another/saying/it/sweeter/when【考前热身】字数：143时间：7分钟难度： On Wednesday morning at eleven oclock, I was walking down Main Street. I had just parked my car. Suddenly I heard two shots! I thought they 31 (come) from the bank. I ran toward the bank. I saw a man 32 (come) out. He was short and fat 33 a big moustacheMore 34 (importance),he had a bag of money and a gun in his hands! 35 I could do anything, he ran up the street 36 disappeared behind a bus. That afternoon I went to the movies. 37 happened? I saw the thief again at the foot of the stairs! I telephoned the police from a telephone next to the rest rooms. The police arrived in 38 than five minutes. They arrested the thief just as he 39 (buy) a chocolate bar from the candy machine! What an exciting day! And best of all, the bank gave me 40 $ 100 reward! 31had come 32coming 33with 34importantly 35Before 36and 37what 381ess 39Was buying 40a 31had come，考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想认为之前发生： 32coming，考查动词短语see somebody doing sth的结构： 33with，介词，有，具有： 34importantly，more importantly，表“更重要的是”： 35Before，时间状语从句，表“在之前”： 36and，and连接ran up.和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系： 37What，What happened?是固定句型，表惊讶： 38. 1ess，1ess than 5 minutes表“不到五分钟”。 39was buying，过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他： 40a，表一份奖品：【限时训练】语法填空测试题 1字数：155时间：7分钟难度： Once Smith, a traveler, was wet and cold because he had been riding in the rain. At last he reached a country inn 31 was so crowded with people that he could not get the fire there. 32 he called out to the innkeeper. 33 (take) some fish to my horse The innkeeper answered, But 34 horse doesnt eat fish ! Smith then said, Never mind, do 35 I tell you. The crowd of people, 36 (hear) this strange order, ran out to see the horse eat fish. The traveler, now having the whole room to 37 , sat down beside the fire 38 warmed himself. 39 the innkeeper came back with the crowd of people , he said,Your horse wouldnt eat fish! The traveler answered, Put it on the table, and when I 40 (dry)my clothes, I will eat it myself.31which 32So 33Take 34a 35as 36heating 37whole 38and 39When 40myself 31which，关系代词引导限制性定语从句： 32So，通过上下逻辑，此处表因果关系： 33Take，此处是祈使的语气： 34a，不定冠词表一类。 35as，as引导的宾语从句，表“正如按照的那样”巧克力时，警察逮捕了他： 40a，表一份奖品：语法填空测试题 2字数：155时间：7分钟难度： Mr. Smith lived in a small village. He grew vegetables. Years ago he found work in a bigcityand moved 31 with his family. 32 the first Saturday in their new home, Mr. Smith took his new car out of the garage and 33 (wash) it. A man came at the moment. 34 he saw Mr. Smiths new car, he stoppedand looked at it 35 a few minutes. Then Mr. Smith turned and saw him. The man said, Thats a nice car. Is 36 yours? Sometimes, Smith answered 37 a smile. Sometimes? The man said. 38 do you mean? Well, answered Smith slowly, When theres a party in town, it is my daughters,. Mary.When theres a football game, its my sons, John. 39 I wash it, and it looks really nice andclean, its my wifes. And when it needs gas, its 40 31there 32On 33was washingwashed 34When 35for 36it 37with 38What 39After 40mine 31there“那里”(in a big city)，指示副词， 32On，具体的某一天用介词on 33washed，and连接took his new car和washed it,表并列关系： 34When。考查When引导的时间状语从句： 35for，由a few minutes可知，应填for表一段时间： 36it,代词，代替a nice car 37with，with a smile意为“带着微笑”： 38What，“What do you mean? 意为“你什么意思?” 39After，从上下逻辑可知“在我洗车之后”： 40mine，考查I的名词性物主代词mine语法填空测试题3字数：214时间：10分钟难度： Welcome to our company, everybody. This time our company has 11 college students 31 (work)in 5 departments .I am Luisa ,Director in charge of the student practice. Let me say something to you all .Starting work can be exciting on one hand , and can also 32 (worry) on the other. No matter 33 your future job is, you will have to work with others。 Learning to get on well with others must come first, 34 (include) all people in the company andour customers. And second, this morning right 35 my introduction, spend some time reading the introduction of the company and get to know the people in your office and find out what our company is like .This afternoon you can walk around our workshops and know 36 about the products. 37 one is allowed to leave the company before 5:30. By the way, lunchtime comes at 11:50 and its free of charge. Remember this: Learning is so important 38 it will change your future life . Our company can answer your real learning 39 you can make up your mind to go through with it. This is what I like to say to you at the moment. If you still have 40 questions, please come tomy office .Thank you.31working 32be worrying 33What 34including 35after 36more 37No38that 39if 40any 31working，现在分词短语working in 5 departments作后置定语，修饰11 college students： 32be worrying，“令人担忧的令人焦虑的”，由also可知，and连接be exciting和be worrying，表并列关系： 33what ，从前后关系可知“无论你将来的工作是什么；”，所以此处no matter what是最佳答案： 34including，介词，“包括”： 35after表“我的介绍之后，今天上午的其他安排. 36more，从前文可知此处表更进一步了解产 37No, No one is allowed to leave表任何人不允许离开 38that，考查sothat的结构： 39. if,表假设关系： 40any，表”任何“语法填空测试题 4字数：175时间：8分钟难度： Usually male butterflies are more brightly colored than the female. The female have bigger and heavier bodies, 31 they carry the eggs. The bright colors of the male help to attract the female, and the duller colors of the female make them 32 likely to be caught by enemies before they 33 (lay) their eggs. 34 butterflies have a bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings which are shown 35 flying. But when they rest on a tree or 36 (leaf) they close their wings. On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks 37 look like the tree or leaves. They are then difficult to 38 (see). Many butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. When they are resting, their wings are closed, and these cannot be seen. When a bird sees 39 , and begins to attack it, the butterfly 40 open its wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and so it is frightened, and flies away.31since 321ess 33have laid 34Some 35whenwhile 36leaves 37whichthat 38be seen 39one 40would 31since，“由于，既然”表原因： 321ess，从上下文可知此处是“雌飞蛾的较死板的颜色使她们在产完卵之前较少有可能被敌人抓住” 33have laid，由before可知考查动词的现在完成时态： 34Some，不定代词，“一些”： 35whenwhile，whenwhile+ving分词相当于由when引导的时间状语从句，“正在飞时”： 36leaves，leaf的复数形式是leaves 37whichthat，关系代词，引导限制性定语从句? 38be seen，考查动词不定式的被动语态，意为“然后他们很难被看见：” 39one，不定代词，指代任意一只butterfly。40would，表一种必然的动作或经常的动作：语法填空测试题5字数：198时间：9分钟难度： Yes, youre right. I am from South Africa. I am not at all used to this cold weather, 31 I am glad to say that I have all the clothes for this 32 (freeze) weather. When I first got to know that I would be attending this international conference here in Finland, I had no idea 33 kind of clothes I should take along. I didnt know what to do when I thought of this two-week stay here, with a rather formal dinner, a few parties, social gatherings and a dance 34 the conference. Fortunately, my friend Julia has been to Northern Europe. Yes, she was a great help. She helped 35 (solve) my biggest problem. She placed an order for some warm suits 36 dresses, business-type clothes, of course, of dark colours. She also bought me 37 skirts and blouses; 38 I could wear the same clothes in several different ways. A couple of lively coloured dresses will give me a nice change 39 time to time. She also helped to choose a very warm raincoat and a pair of boots. Oh, 40 lucky I am to have such a helpful friend. She saved me a lot of trouble.31but 32freezing 33what 34During 35to solve 36and 37some 38orotherwise39from 40. how 31but，表意思的转折： 32freezing， freezing是形容词，“冰冻的，在冰点下的，寒冷的” 33what，表没有范围的选择“不知道要带哪类衣服”： 34during，介词，表在会议期间： 35to solve, help to the problem 表帮忙帮助解决我的大难题： 36and，suits and dresses表并歹1关系： 37some不定代词，表”一些” 38OrOtherwise，否则，要不然. 39from, from time to time 是固定搭配，“不时，时时，有时”： 40how, 考查由how引导的感叹句：语法填空测试题6字数：168 时间：8分钟难度：* The Whites live in a big ciW. They have a son 31 (name) Tom. His hobby is reading. When he comes home from school, he always goes to his room and just reads books. He 32 plays outdoors. One day, Mrs. White said to her husband, 33 is not good for Toms health to live in the city all the time. They found a small house in the country. They took him there 34 a vacation. They left home at 8 35 got there at 11 in the morning. 36 they reached the house, his mother said, 37 clean the air isl she said to Tom, We are going to stay here for a week. Tom ran into the house. A few minutes 38 , he ran back to his mother and said, I cant find 39 desk. His mother answered,We came here 40 (spend) our vacation in the country. You must play outdoors and not read books here. Enjoy your vacation! Tom cried, Oh, howterrible!31named 32neverhardly 33It34for 35and 36When 37How38later 39a 40to spend 31named，过去分词短语作定语，a son named Tom 意为“一位名叫汤姆的儿子” 32neverhardly，完全否定，“从来不”： 33It， 考查It is十adj十to do sth的句型结构，It作形式主语： 34for，此处表目