名词性从句高考七大考点ppt课件.ppt

语法 名词性从句 nounclause 1 英语句子的种类 简单句 simplesentence 并列句 compoundsentence 复合句 complexsentence 英语句子概论 2 简单句的五种基本句型 Theweatherisverycold 主语 谓语 连系动词 表语Helaughed 主语 谓语 vi IlikeChinesefood 主语 谓语 vt 宾语Shetaughtthemphysics 主语 谓语 vt 间接宾语 直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm 主语 谓语 vt 宾语 宾语补足语 3 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来 IturnedontheTV MysisterandIwatchedit IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit Iboughtmysisterapresent Shedidn tlikeit Iboughtmysisterapresent butshedidn tlikeit 并列句 并列句 常用并列连词 平行并列连词 转折并列连词 因果并列连词 选择并列连词 and both and notonly butalso neither nor but however while yet or either or for so 4 复合句 主句 从句 名词性从句定语从句状语从句 1 TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom 2 Becauseitisraining wehavetostayathome 定语从句 状语从句 3 Iknow that heisfromAmerica 宾语从句 名词性从句 5 NounClauses 名词性从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 AppositiveClause 同位语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 PredicativeClause 表语从句 6 Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 名词性从句的作用相当于名词 因此主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 同位语从句 7 名词性从句考点归纳 1 引导词2 语序问题3 时态问题4 主谓一致问题5 名词性从句中的虚拟语气6 it做形式主语 形式宾语的用法7 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 8 名词性从句的引导词 1 从属连词 that whether if 只起连接作用 不充当从句中的任何成分 2 连接代词 who ever whom ever whose ver which ever what ever 既起连接作用 本身又在从句中做成分 3 连接副词 when why where how howmany howmuch 既起连接作用 本身又在从句中做状语 9 一 that 从属连词that本身无意义 在名词性从句中不作句子成分 只起连接作用 1 宾语从句 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud 10 规则一 1 当宾语从句由连词that引导 that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 2 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that从句作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 that不可省掉 11 温馨提示 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 12 iscertain 我们将迟到了 2 isapity 你错过了这次机会 Mydreamis 我将来有我自己的公司 4 I vecomefromMrWangwithamessage 他今天下午不能来看你了 Thatweshallbelate Thatyoumissedthechance thatIwillhavemyowncompany thathewon tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon 主语从句 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 13 规则二 当主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句由连词that引导时 that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 但是不可以省略 14 1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 5 Idon tknow togo 6 themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet if whether whether whether whether whether whether 二 whether if 15 heisfreenowiscertain Theproblemis wecangetthereontime Hemustanswerthequestion heagreestoitornot Whether whether whether 16 规则 1 宾语从句由连词whether或if引导 表 是否 常可互换 不能省略 2 if whether的区别 1 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if 2 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if 3 whether可与动词不定式连用 if不能 4 主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句中 只能用whether 不能用if 17 三 what hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent 2 Heisnolonger hewas 3 Amoderncityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago 4 After seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile 5 Ourincomeisnowdouble itwastenyearsago 6 Doyouknow hesaidjustnow What what what what what what 18 规则 what引导名词性从句 除了表示 什么 还可以表示 表示 的东西或事情 的人或的样子 身份或地位 的地方 的时间 的数量或数目 19 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee itis 任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉 oughttoturnoffthelight 他的问题是哪个学生英语最好 Hisquestionis atEnglish哪个最喜欢就拿哪个 Take who Whoeverleavestheroomlast whichstudentisthebest whicheveryoulike 20 Couldyoushowme Icanreachthestation 我们就是这样克服困难的 Thatwas weovercamethedifficultiesIhavenoidea hehasgone 这就是我不同意的地方 Thisis Idisagree 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因 Thisis shegotupsoearlythismorning hedidn tcomeisstillunknowntous isunderdiscussion我们什么时候开始开会 Manystudentssaythattheirtimeatuniversityis theycanexperiencepurelove how how where where why Why Whenwe llbeginthemeeting when 21 规则 Wh 引导表语从句时 它们通常不含有疑问意义 而是分别体现具体的地点 时间 原因和方式 22 名词性从句的语序 Hisbrotherasks thelibrary 他什么时候去图书馆Idon tknowwhatisthematter thetrouble wrongwithhim 名词性从句中 除了连接词要提到句首之外 一律要用陈述句语序 whenhewillgoto 23 2 Ourphysicsteacheroncetoldusthatlight travel fasterthansound travels 总结归纳 c 主句的动词用一般现在时 从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态 1 Hesaidthathewillgotothestation 3 TomsaysthatMary go abroadlastyearand be therefornearly5months a 主句的动词用过去时 从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态 b 主句的动词用过去时 从句表示客观事实 格言 谚语等 从句谓语动词用一般现在时 went hasbeen would 名词性从句的时态 24 Whenthemeetingwillbegin have notbeendecidedyet Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered is are stillunknown 单个的主语从句作主语时 谓语动词一般用 形式 如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语 谓语动词则用 形式 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句 谓语动词用 形式 总结归纳 单数 复数 has Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo be stillunknown Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin have notbeendecidedyet are has 单数 名词性从句的主谓一致 25 名词性从句 主 的虚拟语气 Itisorderedthathe take theexamination Itisstrangethathe tell youthis shouldtake tell 基本句型 Itis 形容词 名词 过去分词 that should doa Itisimportant necessary natural strange advisableetc thatb Itisapity ashame nowonderetc thatc Itissuggested ordered proposed required demanded requested insistedetc that 26 Wesuggestedthatthemeeting putoff 总结归纳 表示建议 要求 命令 坚持等动词suggest advise propose demand require insist request command order后的从句谓语动词用 注意suggest当表示 暗示 表明 讲时 insist表示 坚持认为 之意时 从句按需要来选择时态 should do bedone Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe was be is satisfiedwithourwork was 名词性从句 宾 的虚拟语气 beputoff 27 a IwishI know theanswernow b Iwishhe pass theexamyesterday c IwishI fly tothemooninafewyears 对现在虚拟时 that从句中谓语用过去时 对过去虚拟时 用had 过去分词 对将来虚拟时 用would might等 动词原形 knew hadpassed wouldfly 总结归纳 名词性从句 宾 的虚拟语气 28 在suggestion proposal idea plan order advice等名词后面的表语从句 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气 即 Hissuggestionthatyou try oncemoresoundsreasonable 2 Theordergivenbythecommanderwasthatthey notstop untilthecommanderallowedtheyto 总结归纳 should do bedone 名词性从句 表 同 的虚拟语气 should try should notstop 29 名词性从句中it做形式宾语 形式主语 找出下列句子中的错误 1 Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks 2 Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillholdoursportsmeeting it 形式宾语 It 形式主语 总结归纳 当主语从句较长 而谓语较短时 常常将从句 而用it作为形式主语置于句首 it也可作形式宾语 后置 30 用it作形式主语的结构 1 Itis 名词 从句Itisafactthat 事实是 Itisanhonorthat 非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识 2 Itis 形容词 从句Itisnaturalthat 很自然 Itisstrangethat 奇怪的是 3 It 不及物动词 从句Itseemsthat 似乎 Ithappenedthat 碰巧 Itappearsthat 似乎 4 It be 过去分词 从句Itisreportedthat 据报道 Ithasbeenprovedthat 已证实 Itissaidthat 据说 31 Wethinkitimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguage Weconsideritourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday 该句型中的it作形式宾语 为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为 6123结构6指主句中常用的动词 think believe make find consider feel 1指的是形式宾语it 2指的是宾补的两种形式 形容词或名词 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式 不定式短语 动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句 32 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain 定语从句 同位语从句 Thequestionwhohelpedusoutofdifficultyremainstobeanswered Thequestionwhichseemssostrangeremainstobeanswered 同位语从句 定语从句 1 同位语从句 说明名词的内容 wh 表示疑问 that不做成分 不能省略2 定语从句 说明名词的性质特征 wh 不表示疑问 引导词做句子成分 做宾语可以省略 33 判断 定语从句or同位语从句 1 Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday 2 Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups 3 ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue 4 Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue 5 Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 34 Thankyou 35 PredicativeClauses表语从句 36 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether asif asthough when where how why because 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有be look remain seem 表语从句 Thequestionis wecanrelyonhim That s wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime Helooked hewasgoingtocry That s Iwaslate whether because asif why 37 1 That s thePartycalledonustodo A whyB whatC howD that2 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD Whether3 Thatis theyseparated A thatB whatC whichD where4 Janeisnolonger shewasfouryearsago A whatB whichC thatD when 38 appositiveClauses同位语从句 39 同位语从句1 跟在某些名词后面 对该名词作进一步解释说明 常用名词有belief fact idea hope news doubt result thought information opinion等 Suggestion suggestorderdemandwish等2 常用连词 that when where why how e g 1 消息传来 拿破仑要来视察他的军队 WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy It sthequestionhowhedidit 3同位语从句多用that引导 无意义 不可省 2 问题是他如何做这件事的 4 在havenoidea之后用wh 引导同位语从句 Ihavenoideawherehehasgone Ihavenoideawhenhedidit Ihavenoideawhathedid 40 1 TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina Weheardthenewslastnight Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina 41 4 Timetravelispossible Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline ManyBritishparentsholdtheview ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 42 1 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected 2 WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain 定语从句 同位语从句 3 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略 而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略 区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句 1 引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分 而在定语从句中 that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等 2 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明 而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰 解释为 的 3 Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall 1 Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue 2 Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 43 判断 定语从句or同位语从句 1 Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday 2 Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups 3 ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue 4 Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue 5 Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 44 1 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities AWhat becauseBWhat thatCThat whatDThat because2 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons AWhat whyBThat whatCWhat becauseDWhy that B A B 3 Heisabsentfromschool Itis heisseriouslyill A whyB becauseC thatD thereason 4 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever 5 Informationhasbeenputforward moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities AthatBhowCwhereDwhat D A 45 6 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7 Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame Oh that s AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited A A 46 fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10 Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview pleaserememberthegoldenrule Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly hewants AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11 Wemadethesuggestionthathe hiswork AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued B A B 47 12 Therewillbeaspecialpricefor buysthingsinlargenumberhere A whoB whomC whoeverD Whomever13 Marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame whyB whatC whoD that 05 14 Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept helphecanget 05 A whicheverB howeverC whateverD whenever 48 14 Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor sstatement wouldsupportataxcut andheB wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15 manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun WhichB HowC WhatD That16 Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants A HoweverB whateverC whicheverD whenever 49 16 Shere