tpo1(校对一遍).doc

QQ 175562492 杨光 整理Test 1Section 1 Q1-512345Q6-11 67891011Q12-17 12 1314 15 16 17 Section 2 Q1-512345Q6-11 6 7 8 9 10 11 Q12-17 12 13 14 15 1617 ScriptSection 1Q1-5Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.Student Hi, um, I really hope you can help me.Librarian Thats why Im here. What can I do for you?Student Im supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but Im having a hard time finding articles. I dont even know where to start looking.Librarian You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on Student Dream interpretation.Librarian Well, you have a focus, so thats already a good start. Hmmm well, therere a few things oh wait have you checked to see if your professor put any materials for you to look at on reserve?Student Aha, thats one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.Librarian Lets get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the ones published within the last year. Then I think about it theres a journal named Sleep and Dream.Student Oh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so Ive got to look in other sources.Librarian Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronically now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the librarys computers, and if you wanted to search by title with the word dream for example, just type it in and all the articles with dream in the title will come up on the screen.Student Cool, thats great! Too bad I cant do this from home.Librarian But you can. All of the librarys databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.Student Really?! I cant believe I didnt know that. It still sounds like its going to take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.Librarian Maybe, but you already narrowed your search down to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldnt be too bad. And you probably notice that theres an abstract or summary at the top of the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen. Skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down some time.Student Right, abstracts! Theyll definitely make the project more doable. I guess I should try out the electronic search while Im still here then, you know, just in case.Librarian Sure, uh that computers free over there, and Ill be here till five this afternoon.Student Thanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.Q6-11Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.Professor Ok, Im going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. Its already started in fact, but itll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzens work may be unfamiliar to you since shes a relatively young artist. But shes got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists weve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzens style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So youve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?Student Well, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Umthe basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.Professor Good. What else? What were the subjects?Student Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.Professor Good. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. Its a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzens style. Its an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. Its kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors arent quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well, in a natural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak, winter day on a farm. So thats the impressionist side of her work. Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work, that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too. So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzens work?StudentUm real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.Professor Good. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the womans face is so realistic looking that its almost like a photograph. The womans nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, its all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors. Theres lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out. I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But heres a little bit about Rose Frantzens life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, its not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other peoples portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But whats important is that you keep at it that you dont give up. Thats what is really important to remember.Q12-17Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.Professor Ok, lets get started. Great. Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of land, or some other geologic feature isdating techniques. Im going to talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is a key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation was formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. Its fundamental.Uh Take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. Before it solidified, it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently, most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. Thats been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time. But now weve learned something different, and quite surprising, using a technique called Uranium-Lead Dating.I should say that Uranium-Lead Dating has been around for quite a while. But there have been some recent refinements. I will get into this in a minute. Anyway, Uranium-Lead Dating has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. Thats really eye-opening news, since the Appalachian Mountain Range is, of course, thousands of kilometers to the east of the Grand Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right?Of course, the obvious question is how did that sand end up so far west? The theory is that huge rivers and wind carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was already there. Why? Well, this was a pretty revolutionary finding. Um and it was basically because of Uranium-Lead Dating. Why? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type within sandstone, meaning the actual particles in the sandstone, to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind or water that brought the grains to their location and figure out which way it was flowing. But thats only useful up to a point, and thats not what these two geologists did. Uranium-Lead Dating allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way. What they did was: they looked at the grains of Zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive Uranium, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zircon starts off as molten magma, the hot larva from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Zircon crystallizes, the Uranium inside it begins to change into Lead. So if you measure the amount of Lead in the Zircon grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the age of Zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of the Zircon in the sandstone in your sample to the age of the Zircon in the mountains. If the age of the Zircon matches the age of one of the mountain ranges, then it means the sandstone actually used to be part of that particular mountain range. Is everybody with me on that? Good. So, in this case, Uranium-Lead Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. So because of this, this new way of doing Uranium-Lead Dating, weve been able to determine that one of our major assumptions about the Grand Canyon was wrong.Like I said before, Uranium-Lead Dating has been with us for a while. But, um until recently, in order to do it, you really had to study many individual grains. And it took a long time before you got results. It just wasnt very efficient. And it wasnt very accurate. But technical advances have cut down on the number of grains you have to study, so you get your results faster. So Ill predict that Uranium-Lead Dating is going to become an increasingly popular dating method.There are a few pretty exciting possibilities for Uranium-Lead Dating. Here is one that comes to mind. You know the theory that Earths continents were once joined together and only split apart relatively recently? Well, with Uranium-Lead Dating, we could prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, that could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planets geology.Section 2Q1-5Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between a student and his professor.Professor Hi, Mathew, Im glad you can come in today. Youve been observing Mr. Grables third-grade class for your approaches to education paper, right?Student Um, yes. I go over the Johnson Elementary School, you know, to watch Mr. Grable teach the children in class. Its been amazing, I mean, Im just learning so much from just watching him. Im so glad the classroom observations are a requirement for the education program. I mean its like the best thing ever to prepare you to be a good teacher.Professor Well, Im glad to see you feel that way, Mathew. You know, thats the goal. So, Ive been reading over your observation notes and Im quite interested in whats going on. In particular, whats the astronomy unit hes been teaching.Student The astronomy unit?Professor It seems that Mr. Grable has mastered the interdisciplinary approach to teaching the way weve been talking about in class.Student Oh! OK, yeah, so like when he was teaching them astronomy, he didnt just teach them the names of the planets, he used it as a way to teach mythology.Professor Really! So, how did he do that?Student Well, some of the students could already name the planets, but they didnt know that the names had any meaning the stories behind them.Professor So, heStudent He introduced Greek and Roman mythology as a way of explaining. Like, you know, how like Jupiters the biggest planet, right, and how Jupiter was the name of the king of the gods in Roman mythology, right? So since Jupiter, the planet, is the largest planet in our solar system, its like the king of the planets, like Jupiter was the king of all the gods.Professor Oh, Mathew, thats a great example.Student Yeah! And each student chose a planet and then did research on it to write a report and make a presentation. They went to the library to do the research. Then they made presentations about the planet they chose.Professor So, in one science unit, in which the focus was astronomy, the students also learned about the literature of Greek and Roman mythology, used research skills in the library, wrote a report and practiced their oral presentation skills.Student Exactly! He used this one topic to teach third-graders all that stuff how to use the books in the library, to write reports, and even how to speak in public. Plus they had a great time doing it.Professor You know, Mathew, this is just what weve been talking about in our class. Im sure everyone can learn something from your experience. You know, Mathew, Id love for you to talk about this astronomy unit in class on Wednesday.Student Really?! Um cause I dont really think Ill have any time to write my paper by then.Professor Oh, you wont need to write anything new just yet. For Wednesday, use your class observation notes and explain the things weve discussed today.Student Ok, that sounds all right.Lecture(Q6-11)Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in an archeology class.Professor OK, weve been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So lets concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it. Lets look at Catalhoyuk. Ah Id better write that down. Catalhoyuk, thats about as close as we get in English. Its Turkish, really. The sites in modern day Turkey, and who knows what the original inhabitants called it. Anyway, uhCatalhoyuk wasnt the first agricultural settlement in the near east, but it was pretty early, settled about 9000 years ago in the Neolithic period. And . umm. the settlement.ah.town really, lasted about a thousand years and grew to a size of about eight or ten thousand people. That certainly makes it one of the largest towns in the world at that time. One of the things that make the settlement of this size impressive is the time period. Its the Neolithic, remember, the late Stone Age. So the people that lived there had only stone tools, no metals. So everything they accomplished, like building this town, they did with just stone, plus wood, bricks, that sort of thing. But you got to remember that it wasnt just any stone they had, they had obsidian. And umm. obsidian is a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass. It flakes very nicely into really sharp points. The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age were made of obsidian. And uh. the people of Catalhoyuk got theirs from further inland, from central Turkey, traded for it, probably.Anyway, what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built. The houses are all rectangular, one storey made of sun-dried bricks. But whats really interesting is that there are no spaces between them, no streets in other words, and so generally no doors on the houses either. People walked around on the roofs and entered the house through a hatchway on the roof, down a wooden ladder. You can still see th