英文论文的结构ppt课件.ppt

英语论文的结构 唐荣年 1 Constructionguidelines TitleAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsReferencesTablesandfigures 2 1 Title Beshort accurate andunambiguousGiveyourpaperadistinctpersonalityBeginwiththesubjectofthestudy Tips 1 Careful Meaningful 2 Don tbeginwith Studieson Investigationon 3 1 AstudyofthestructuralseriesintheTl Ca Ba Cu Osuperconductingsystem 2 FormationmechanismofH2Ti3O7nanotubes 3 SurfacestructuralchemistryofhighTcsuperconductorsbyHREM 4 Directpreparationofnanoporouscarbonbynanocasting 5 Synthesis structuresolution characterizationandcatalyticpropertiesofTNU 10 ahigh silicazeolitewiththeSTItopology 4 1 Thetitleistheonlypartofyourpapermostpeoplewillread makeitclear conciseandinformative 2 Actualfindingsshouldbedescribedwithclaimsthatcanbesupported 3 Itshouldbecatchy memorable 4 Thetitleisalabel notasentence 5 1 Studentfirst supervisorsecond 2 Anauthorofapapershouldbedefinedasonewhotakesintellectualresponsibilityfortheresearchresultsbeingreported 3 Givecreditwhereitisdue Itdoesnotcostanything anditcreatesfriends Scienceismoreofasocialactivitythanyoumightthink 4 Authors affiliationsandcorrespondingauthor ThelistofAuthors 6 Theabstractisvitallyimportant withoutdoubtthemostimportant200 300wordsinthepaperNeverforgetthattheabstractisoftentheonlythingreaderswillreadfromyourpaper Payattentiontoit Makeitveryconcise clear cut easytoread Avoidtechnicaltermsorcomplicatedreasoning 2 Abstract useshortsentencesworkiswritteninpasttenseuseactivevoice Thispaper Thisstudy 7 Shouldinclude Purposes Procedures Methods Results ConclusionsShouldanswer WhatIwanttodo HowIdidit WhatresultsdidIget WhatconclusionscanIdraw Whatisnewandoriginalinthispaper 8 Tips First1 2sentences introductiontotheconceptNext1 2sentences thesystemandthespecificquestionNextxsentences abriefsummaryoftheresultsFinal1 2sentences conclusion 9 Notice TypedasasingleparagraphNoabbreviations orcitationsEliminateorminimizebackgroundinformationAvoidrepeatingthetitleorpartofthetitleinthefirstsentenceoftheabstractLimittheabstracttonewinformationdon tusecommentarywords satisfying most 10 Thisinvestigationwasperformedtoseeifthealuminuminpopcans 易拉罐 andaluminumcookwareenterstheliquidtheycontain Itwashypothesizedthataluminumdoesentertheliquidsinaluminumcansandcookware Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingsevendifferenttypesofcarbonatedbeveragesandwaterboiledinaluminumcookwareforthreehours Everyhourasamplewasremovedfortesting Thecookwareconsistedofanewandoldaluminumpot Thecolorimetricmethodwasusedtodeterminetheconcentrationofaluminum Theresultsshowedthataluminumwaspresentincarbonatedbeveragesandinthewaterboiledinthecookware Itwasconcludedthataluminumexistedincarbonatedbeveragesandsubstancescookedinaluminumcookware andthattheconcentrationofaluminumincreasedwithtime 11 Objectives purpose hypotheses Methods materials procedures Results data observations discussion Conclusions Journalexample 12 Conferenceexample solved Objectivesofthisstudy hypothesis Methods materials procedures Results data observations discussion Conclusions 13 Dissertationexample Background problemsthatneedtobesolved rationaleforthepresentstudy Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults Conclusions 14 WhatisknownWhatisnotknownWhywedidthisstudy 3 Introduction 15 Nomorethan3pagesAbadbeginningmakesabadending Correctwriting callattentiontothespecificsubject definetheproblem Nottoomuch providebackgroundandpresentthestudyresultsShouldnotbe too technicallistthestructureofyourresearchprojectandwhatyouplantopresentinyourpaper 16 Tips thewaytoinducetheproblemThedeficiencyofWang sapproachis Theproblemofthesepapers However themechanismhasnotbeenfullyunderstood Noneoftheotherphaseshavebeenexaminedindetail CarefullychooseWordforthefirsttime most proveddon tcopyotherpapers introductions 17 4 Methods ParticipantsMeasurementsOutcomesandexplanatoryvariablesStatisticalmethods 18 SufficientdetailsothatworkcanberepeatedDescribenewmethodsindetail thedegreeofreplicationandsensitivityCitetheacceptedmethodbrieflyusingreferenceIfapublishedmethodismodified suchmodificationsmustbedescribedindetailStatisticalanalysisofdataifappropriateaskacolleagueifhe shecanfollowthemethodologySinceyourprocedureshavebeencompletedreportthemusingpasttense 19 SamplecharacteristicsUnivariateanalysesBivariateanalysesMultivariateanalyses 5 Results 20 GenerallydoesNOTincludeexplanationsordiscussionoftheresultsTableandfigurelegendsshouldbeaccompaniedwithsufficientinformationformainpointTableandfigureshouldbeabletostandaloneAlltablesandfiguresmustbenumberedintheorderinwhichtheyarementionedinthetextNumericaldatawiththecorrectnumberofsignificantdigits 21 6 References AllcitationsmustbeaccurateIncludeonlythemostimportant mostrigorous andmostrecentliteratureQuoteonlypublishedjournalarticlesorbooks conference Neverquote secondhand 22 Don tputallcitationsattheendofsentencesDon tquoteyourselfworktoomuchDon tcopy directorindirect tableandfigure Complywith Instructionstoauthors Citeonly20 35references Journal Conferencepaper dissertation 23 7 TableandFigure Agoodfigureisworthathousandwords Nomo