跨文化交际英语论文.pdf

Food culture differences among different countries ThesisThesisThesisThesis statementstatementstatementstatement This paper is talking about the food culture differences between several countries The differences include food differences tableware differences and table manners differences Through this paper we can learn some details which will be helpful when we sit on table with our foreigner friends OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline 1 Introduction 2 Food differences among different counties 2 1 Eastern cuisine 2 1 1China cuisine 2 2 Western cuisine 2 2 1 French cuisine 2 3Arab cuisine 2 4some taboo food 3 Table manners differences among different counties 3 1China 3 2Western 4 Conclusion Works cited Food CultureDifferences among Different Countries 1 1 1 1 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Food is necessity for everyone The people all the world consume great deal of food but what they eat are so different There is a huge difference among different countries on food culture There is abundant food in world Every country has its characteristic courses And people live in different area are fond of different food they also use different tableware to eat dinner what s more they even have different table manners We call the difference is food culture Where does the food culture come from I think there will be several reasons Firstly What people get will influence what they can eat For instance farmer may eat more vegetable and fisherman may have more chance to eat aquatic product Secondly the nation culture will affect food culture In this paper I d like to make a comparison among different countries food culture to see their differences and at the same time I ll try to give a tentative explanation to the differences From the comparison maybe we can know some helpful functions they play in their own society 2 FoodFoodFoodFooddifferencesdifferencesdifferencesdifferences amongamongamongamongdifferentdifferentdifferentdifferentcountiescountiescountiescounties The cuisine system of world can be divided into three parts eastern cuisine western cuisine and Arab cuisine And in the three parts the China cuisine the Turkey cuisine and French cuisine are most famous 2 1 Eastern cuisine The history of eastern cuisine has 5000 years It is based on agriculture and forestry and rice vegetable beans and so on are the main food In diet pork get a high percent And easterners also prefer eating delicacy also some special and strange food may sent to the table such as flowers insect etc In Asia around Chinese dish there are Japanese dish Korea dish Vietnam dish Thailand dish etc 2 1 1China cuisine China is a large agricultural country with grain based diet plant dominated mostly vegetables and grains Chinese like eating hot food they think that if the dish becomes cool the taste become bad Any diet can not do without food According to a survey Chinese food has more than 600 kinds of vegetables six times more than in the West In Chinese cuisine the vegetarian food is normal civilians generally eat mainly vegetables In ancient times fish and meat can be eaten only in the worship China is of long history with a vast territory Due to the diversity of the climate products and customs there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions Through creation by past dynasties the long standing cooking art has formed rich and colorful local dishes Among them the eight major dishes enjoys the upper reputation which consists of Shangdong Chekiang Sichuan Jiangshu Guangdong Hunan Fujian and Anhui A common saying in Chinese cuisine has been around in Chinese culture for some time Its exact origin is unknown though it attempts to summarize the entire cuisine in one sentence The order of the directions can vary within local culture It should be noted Chinese cuisine have gone through numerous transformations through the different dynasties all the way up to modern times Many different versions of the quote exist on the internet today One of the most common version under google s search result suggest an overwhelmingly different version in mainland Simplified Chinese LanguagePhrase Simplified Chinese南甜 北咸 东淡 西北酸 西南辣 EnglishSouth is sweet North is salty East is mild West North is sour West South is spicy 2 2 Western cuisine The history of Western cuisine is 3000 years Because of the animal husbandry and fishery Western cuisine is based on animal products such as meat eggs milk etc Beef is high proportion of meat ware And westerners are fond of black bread marine fish chocolate cheese coffee cold drink French cuisine is the center of Western cuisine and then isRussia dish Italy dish 2 2 1 French cuisine French cuisine is a style of cooking originating from France having developed from centuries of social and political change Ingredients and dishes vary by region There are many significant regional dishes that have become both national and regional Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine playing different roles regionally and nationally with many variations and appellation d origine contr l e AOC regulated appellation laws There are many dishes that are considered part of the nation s national cuisine today Many come from classic cuisine in the fine dining realm but others are regional dishes that have become a norm across the country And Foie gras1 Fish sauce etc are most famous dish 2 3Arab cuisine The history of Arab cuisine is 1300 years Because of local economy the cuisine is combined with animal products and plant products Arabians eat more mutton than people of other areas Essential to any cooking in the Arabian Peninsula is the concept of hospitality Meals are generally large family affairs with much sharing and a great deal of warmth over the dinner table Formal dinners and celebrations generally entail large quantities of lamb and every occasion entails large quantities of Arabic coffee In an average Persian Gulf state household a visitor might expect a dinner consisting of a very large platter shared commonly with a vast mountain of rice incorporating lamb or chicken or both as separate dishes with various stewed vegetables heavily spiced sometimes with a tomato sauce Most likely there would be several other items on the side less hearty Teawould certainly accompany the meal as it is almost constantly consumed Coffee would be included as well 2 4some taboo food BirdsBirdsBirdsBirds In Western cultures today most people regard songbirds as backyard wildlife rather than as food In addition some migratory birds are protected by international treaty In Islam the birds must have feathers and not be a bird of prey Moreover it must be the kind of bird that when it flies if so it must flap its wings to fly more than just simply gliding This includes fowls pigeons ducks etc CowsCowsCowsCows By Indian law the slaughter of cattle is banned in almost all Indian states Some ethnic Chinese may also refrain from eating cow meat because many of them feel that it is wrong to eat an animal that was so useful in agriculture Some Chinese Buddhists discourage the consumption of beef although it is not considered taboo DogsDogsDogsDogs Generally in all Western countries eating the meat of any type of animal commonly kept as pets or companion animals e g dogs and cats is considered taboo though that taboo has been broken under threat of starvation in the past 3 Table manners differences among different counties Table manners are the rules of manners used while eating which may also include the appropriate use of tableware Different cultures observe different rules for table manners Each family or group sets its own standards for how strictly these rules are to be enforced 3 1Table manners of China Generally Chinese table manners are more informal than the West although there are more rules concerning interactions with other guests due to high levels of social interaction as a result of the communal style of serving A Seating arrangement 1 法式鹅肝 For a banquet the seating order is important In China seating arrangement always is according to the flow picture Host will face the door and more important guest will seat near host After the seating order been determined guest should not change seating without some good reasons If behind you there seating anelder you should help him or her sit firstly It is normally the elderly man who gets the first service because in China where hierarchy is prevalent it is the elderly or the superior who is supposed to get special respect B Times In china when you go to a banquet you should reach in earlier several moments If you want to leave early before you sit down you should tell host for this things And after you eat the mostluxuriousdish you can leave C Chopsticks Chopsticks should always be held correctly between the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand Never point the chopsticks at another person This amounts to insulting that person and is a major faux pas Never wave your chopsticks around as if they were an extension of your hand gestures Never bang chopsticks like drumsticks This is akin to telling others at the table you are a beggar Never use chopsticks to move bowls or plates Never suck the chopsticks Decide what to pick up before reaching with chopsticks instead of hovering them over or rummaging through dishes Tokeep chopsticks off the table they can be rested horizontally on one s plate or bowl a chopstick rest commonly found in restaurants can also be used 3 2Table manners of western A Seating arrangement In western countries the seating is according to the flow picture Because of the shape of table is different the seating order becomes different But it is same with China is that the honored guest will be nearer for host It is likely the young lady who is first served because of their Ladies First tradition If you re a guest at someone s house don t sit until the host sits first If you are at a romantic dinner the man should push the woman s chair out forher B Times Westerners always will be late several minutes for party since they think there will enough time for host to prepare dishes If you want to visit some friends or relatives you should make reservation with him Westerns taboo on the 13th and Friday so you should void this day to hold party or banquet C On table When serving serve from the left and pick up the dish from the right Beverages however are to be both served as well as remove