iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇.doc

iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇 托福考试本身是一个专业化的语言水平评测考试，本身专业知识是不应该影响到托福成绩的，但是在设计考试的过程中不可避免 地会涉及到一些专业的词汇。虽然这些词汇在美国人看来是日常中都会遇到的词汇，不应该算是专业词汇。但是对于中国考生来说， 由于教育体制的限制以及平时积累的不足，因此很多考友在面对专业词汇的时候，都感觉手足无措。而且经常有很多文科生反馈，对 于理科文章听不懂，当然也有很多理科生表示，理科的文章不好理解，由于托福考试的文章根本不会很深的涉及专业考试的内部知识 原理，因此，唯一的面对不熟悉的专业就不知所云的可能就是对于专业词汇不够熟悉。 本次，无老师搜集了网上一个很强大的专业词汇的版本，进行大刀阔斧的删节为各位考友奉献出这个新托福考试专用的专业分类 词汇，将各位考友在考试中可能遇到的专业词汇一网打尽，绝对不留死角。此分类文件中大量删减了一些过于专业，以至于不可能在 托福考试中出现的词汇， 而且5页A4纸也十分易于携带，各位考友可以在公车上，地铁上，煲电话粥的时候，甚至听家长碎碎念的时候都可以背这份专业分 类词汇！ 本专业词汇一共分为30大类，天文，地理，生态，人物，经济。总之，只要是托福考试当中出现过的，这份专业分类词汇之中 就一定会出现！而且最后还附上了一份重要学科名称，对于各位考友在听力考试中熟悉该lecture的属于哪一大项十分有帮助！可以 说这份资料中所列出的词汇99%以上都是在托福考试之中出现过的，反之亦然。 而且无老师本次特别贴心的加入了无数励志诗词，欢迎各位考友也把自己的单词诗词在微博里 给无老师。_ 新托福最新、 1 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师1. ASTRONOMY 天文学astronomical天文的astronomer天文学家galaxy (Milky Way) 银河系astrophysics天文物理学observable可观察到的astrology占星学cluster星团deviate偏离solar太阳的solar system太阳系cosmos (universe) 宇宙solar corona日冕cosmology宇宙学solar radiation太阳辐射infinite无限的planet行星cosmic宇宙的planetoid (asteroid)小行星celestial天的revolve旋转；绕转celestial body (heavenly body)天体twinkle闪烁celestial globe天球仪naked eye肉眼terrestrial 地球仪Mercury水星celestial navigation (astronavigation)天文导航Venus金星stellar星的Earth地球nebula (复数nebulae或nebulas)星云Mars火星nebular(nebulous)星云的；星云状的Jupiter木星dwarf (dwarf star)矮星Saturn土星constellation星座Uranus天王星planisphere平面天球图,星座图Neptune海王星我寄愁心与明月，随君一起背单词。2. GEOGRAPHY 地理geographer地理学家time zone时区hemisphere半球northern and southern hemispheres北 topography 地形半球和南半球plain平原eastern and western hemispheres东半 lowland低地球和西半球basin盆地parallel平行圈；纬线cavern (cave)洞穴latitude纬度terrain地域temperate latitudes温带地区subterranean (underground)地底下longitude经度coastland沿海地区horizon地平线island岛屿equator赤道continental island地陆岛Tropics热带地区volcano Arctic北极volcanic island火山岛Antarctic (Antarctica)南极 eruption expedition探险coral island珊瑚岛zone气候带islet小岛今朝有酒今朝醉，不背单词不能睡3. GEOLOGY 地质学3.GEOLOGY geologist (geologician)地质学家rock岩石geologic age (geological time)地质时 sedimentary rock沉积岩代metamorphic rock变质岩geochronology地质年代学quartz石英limestone石灰岩geoscience(earth science) 地球科学marble大理石crust地壳granite花岗岩continental crust大陆地壳magma岩浆oceanic crust海洋地壳prospect勘探layer (stratum;复数strata)地层sounding测探mantle地幔mine采矿core地核mineral矿物plate板块ore矿石plate tectonics板块构造论deposit矿床fault断层platinum白金；铂disintegration (decomposition)分解copper黄铜erosion侵蚀aluminum铝fossil化石zine锌Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space (outer space) 太空/ 外层空间spacecraft (spaceship)宇宙飞船space capsule宇宙飞船座舱；航天舱spacelab太空实验室spaceman (astronaut; cosmonaut)宇 航 员；航天员space suit宇航服；航天服space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜 peninsular半岛continent大陆continental shelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon (谷底有溪涧流过的)峡谷channel (strait)海峡survey 测绘elevation海拔altitude高度remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的；陆地的globe terrestrial heat (geothermal; heat of the earth s interior)地热terrestrial magnetism地磁(geomagnetism)地磁 nickel镍mercury (quicksilver)汞；水银gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch (age, period)冰川期glacial drift冰碛iceberg冰山(ice)sheet冰原；冰盖frigid(refrigerated; freezing)寒冷的thaw (melt)融化retreat后退terminate(end)结束 2 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 volcano 火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口上穷碧落下黄泉，到哪都要背单词4. ECOLOGY 生态学ecological生态的ecologist生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature)自然界生态平衡ecosphere(biosphere)生态圈ecocide生态灭绝preservation（对自然区等的）保护fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链environment 环境environmental环境的environmentalist环境保护主义者acid rain酸雨greenhouse effect温室效应ozone layer (ozonosphere)臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射pollution 污染pollution-free无污染pollutant污染物noxious (toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)废气waste废物waste heat废热waste water废水solid waste固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水常恨人心不似水，等闲随处背单词5. BIOLOGY 生物evolution 进化Darwinism达尔文学说species物种specimen样本，标本natural selection自然选择biological vacuum生物演变真空期survival生存block; obstruct阻碍reverse逆向；倒退alga(复数algae)藻类invertebrate无脊椎动物aquatic (life)水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian (amph ibious an imal)两栖动物dinosaur恐龙bird鸟类extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物primates灵长目动物class纲order目family科lava火山岩浆scoria火山渣volcanic火山的earthquak e (quake; tremor; seism) 地震(quake;tremor; domestic sewage生活污水sewage plant污水处理工厂abate (reduce)减少abound大量存在 补充：air monitoring空气监测alternative n.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的,二中择一的atmosphere大气,空气,气氛balance (of nature)自然界生态平衡carbon碳, (一张)复写纸dioxide二氧化物coal .煤v.加煤coalification煤化deforest滥伐森林desertification沙漠化deteriorate恶化disposal废物处理drought干旱ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统solar energy太阳能tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的nonrenewable不可再生的food chain食物链flood洪水fossil fuel矿物燃料fuel-efficient节能型的garbage垃圾,废物genus属suborder亚目species种insect昆虫antenna (复数antennae)触须larva幼虫，幼体camouflage伪装pest害虫worm虫，蠕虫hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龟beast野兽domesticate驯养predatory (carnivorous )食肉的predator捕食者prey（动词）捕食migrate迁移wing翅膀，翼bill（鸟）嘴seismology地震学hypocenter (focus)震源(earthquake; seismic; shock)wave地震波cataclysm灾变 gas气体,煤气,毒气,汽油, 矿瓦斯global warming greenhouse effect温室效应litter/trash garbage垃圾lon g-term climatic change长期的气候变化melt融化noise pollution噪音污染non-renewable不可更新的noxious (toxic)有毒的ozone layer (ozonosphere)臭氧层preservation保存purify净化rain forest雨林recycle回收利用rush hour高峰期soil pollution土壤污染solar energy太阳能solid waste固体废物tidal energy潮汐能traffic jam交通堵塞trash bag垃圾袋ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射upper atmosphere上层大气waste废物wastewater废水water pollution水污染water shortage水源缺乏wildness野生/天然zero emission零辐射 beak（鹰等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat栖息地rodent啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster对虾crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊coral珊瑚canary金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧sloth树懒slothful懒惰的parasite寄生虫moth蛾caterpillar毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群 新托福最新、 3 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 flock（鸟，羊等）群herd兽群bunch（花等）束，捧community动物的群落或人的部落trapper诱捕动物者oyster牡蛎fertilizer使受精larvae幼虫tentacle触角homotherm恒温动物metabolism新陈代谢breed (名词)品种， （动词）繁殖multiply（reproduce）繁殖hatch孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young)子女 后代anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的omnivorous杂食的insect 昆虫antenna(复数antennae)触须compound eye复眼wing翅膀larva幼虫；幼体camouflage伪装beneficial有益的pest害虫pesticide worm虫；蠕虫parasite寄生虫beast 野兽domesticate驯养domestication predatory (carnivorous)食肉的6. SOCIOLOGY 社会学interrelation 相互关系（联系）civilization文明civilized文明的brute-like野蛮的community社区；社会organization(association)组织institution机构settlement定居；居民点custom风俗习惯indigenous当地的；土生土长的administration 行政机关； （官员）任期predecessor前任monarchy君主制abhorrence憎恶；讨厌empire帝国federal system联邦制presidential system总统制7.TRAFFIC/COMMUNICATION 交通与通信 prey（动词）捕食； （名词）被捕食的动物flesh果肉migrate迁移stone果核wing翅膀；翼core果心bill（鸟）嘴kernel果仁beak（鹰等的）嘴peel (skin)果皮nest筑巢nestle shell (硬)果壳trunk树干flock to habitat molt（鸟）脱羽毛branch树枝dolphin海豚bough大或粗树枝whale鲸鱼twig小树枝bat蝙蝠bark树皮echolocation声波定位jungle丛林lawn草坪anthropoid ape 类人猿meadow草地；牧场gorilla大猩猩prairie大草原chimpanzee黑猩猩shrub (bush)灌木baboon狒狒cluster一簇（灌木）primitive(men)原始的fern蕨类植物civilized (men)文明的herb芳草herbal tea凉茶diversity品种多样photosynthesis光合作用gregarious (social)群居的symbiosis共生 habitat栖息地reproduce繁殖,复制,使.在脑海中重现微生物学microbiology offspring (young)后代bacteria细菌bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌botany 植物学enzymes酵母botanist植物学家fermentation发酵botanical (botanic)植物的inflection传染(感染) plant植物microbe微生物alpine plant高山植物toxin毒素marsh plant沼泽植物virus病毒 host plant寄主植物root根生物化学stem茎amino acids氨基酸stalk杆carbohydrate碳水化合物shoot (sprout)嫩芽；抽枝carbon dioxide二氧化碳flower花organism有机物bud花蕾blossom oxidation氧化petal花瓣wilt, fade枯萎，凋谢protein蛋白质Congress美国国会solitude独处 独居 孤独isolation House of Senate参议院companion伙伴House of Representatives众议院sociable善于交际ethics(morality)道德Demography 人口（统计）学observe(abide by)遵守demographer人口学家violate(breach)违反；破坏ethnic(racial)种族的ethic道德的wealth 财富poll民意调查affluent(rich; wealthy)富裕的pollster民意调查人poverty贫困questionnaire问题单；调查表inequality不平等respondent民意调查对象discontent不满census人口调查（普查）libel诽谤rebellion反叛etiquette 礼仪netiquette conflict(clash)冲突protocol（外交）礼节crash=collide猛撞 冲突courtesy有礼貌的举止discord(disagreement)不和manners (conduct)举止；礼貌harmony和睦office manners办公室礼仪stability稳定新托福最新、 4 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 traffic 交通traffic congestion(jam)交通阻塞transport (动词)运输transportation (名词)运输；运输工具vehicle交通工具；车辆prototype原型wagon(carriage)马车；篷车vessel船；容器automobile (auto; car)汽车van运货车motorcycle摩托车bicycle (bike)自行车gear齿轮； （排）档engine引擎；发动机cylinder汽缸piston活塞brake（名词）闸； （动词）刹车exhaust（名词和动词）排气emission散发；排出（动词emit）fume废气assemble装配service (maintenance)维修mechanic机修工garage车库license执照parking停车parking lot停车场highway 公路ramp（公路不同水平面之间的）斜坡toll通行费driveway私人车道interchange交换道lane车道avenue(thoroughfare)马路；街boulevard林荫大道pedestrian （路上的）行人passer-by（走过的）行人passenger乘客crosswalk（穿马路）人行横道sidewalk（马路旁）人行道subterranean(underground)地底下overpass天桥沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头背单词。8. PSYCHOLOGY 心理学applied psychology应用心理学psychologist心理学家psychiatrist精神病医师,精神病学家psychological心理的psychological test心理测试conformity一致；符合；从众majority多数人mental精神的minority少数人physical躯体的，物质的，物理的mental心理的spiritual精神的；心灵的subject受实验物件；学科railroad 铁路track轨道platform站台locomotive火车头switch扳道；道岔car车厢commuter（来往于市郊之间）旅客haul拖；拉；运送freight货物；货运container集装箱subway地铁waterway 水路raft木筏canoe独木舟cargo货物barge驳船steamboat汽船；轮船ocean liner远洋轮submarine潜水艇ferry渡船paddle（名词）短浆； （动词）用桨划row划船steer掌舵；驾驶bow(prow)船首stern船尾deck甲板on board(aboard)在船上； 在汽车、 火车、 飞机上navigate航行（海、河、空中）log航海日志airplane(aircraft) 飞机airliner航空班机supersonic超音速jet喷气式飞机runway机场跑道pilot飞行员crew全体机务人员；全体船员helicopter直升飞机vertical垂直的rotor旋翼hover空中盘旋rescue营救inaccessible难以到达（进入）的behavior 行为behavior行为的behavioral pattern行为模式factor因素element cause起因aspect方面motive动机modify (动词)矫正；修改modification (名词)矫正overt公开的extroverted covert隐蔽的cognitive认识过程的；认识能力的empirical经验的；以经验为依据的conditioning条件作用compass指南针aeronautical航空的aviation飞行；航空业communication 通讯；信息telecommunication电信；长途通信gesture手势printing印刷postal邮政的postage邮资telegraph电报code密码decode解密transmitter发报机cable电缆telephone(phone)电话telephone exchange电话局handset耳机；听筒dial拨电话operator接线员phonograph留声机digital数字的；数字显示式videotape录像带telex电传fax传真radio 无线电；收音机portability便于携带broadcasting电台广播frequency频率entertainment娱乐talk show访谈节目比赛讲解员walkie-talkie步话机remote control遥控studio播音室；演播室soundproof隔音control panel控制盘gauge仪表television 电视live现场直播relay转播antenna天线 触角confines(boundary)限制；边界linger延续；逗留 association联想；观念的联合intelligence quotient (IQ)智商chronicle .编年史v.编入编年史voluntary自愿的involuntary本能的；非自愿的behaviorism行为主义； 行为主义心理学派psychoanalysis 精神分析法freud jung displacement unconscious潜意识的subconscious下意识；instinct本能 新托福最新、 5 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 psychiatry 精神病学psychiatrist精神病学家abnormal 不正常的abnormal psychology 9. PHYSIOLOGY 生理学physiologist生理学家anatomy解剖学；人体结构scalpel解剖刀cell细胞tissue组织organ器官organ system器官系统digestive system 消化系统intake ingest摄入（食物）saliva唾液intestine (bowel)肠abdomen腹部anus肛门excrete排泄skeletal system 骨骼系统skeleton骨骼skull头颅rib肋骨spine脊椎muscular system 肌肉系统muscle肌肉10. FOOD 食品food chain食物链edible可食用的inedible不可食用的diet日常饮食(psychopathology)变态心理学 irrational不合情理的neuro-sis神经机能病neurotic神经官能症患者psychosis神经错乱muscle fiber肌纤维contract收缩cramp (spasm)痉挛；抽筋respiratory system 呼吸系统syndrome lung肺exhale呼气inhale吸气pulmonary肺的circulatory system 循环系统cardiology心脏病学arteriosclerosis动脉硬化(blood)vessel血管artery动脉vein静脉capillary毛细管plasma血浆liver肝脏metabolism新陈代谢urinar y system 泌尿系统urinary bladder膀胱ice cream冰淇淋yogurt酸奶nutrient 营养（成分）耶洗别insane(mad; lunatic)精神失常hysteria歇斯底里；癔病mania狂躁kidney肾脏reproductive system 生殖系统reproduction生殖fertilize使受精chromosome染色体pregnant怀孕gene基因genetically embryo胚胎fetus胎儿insemination授精endocrine system 内分泌系统gland腺hormone荷尔蒙secrete分泌nervous system 神经系统central nervous system中枢神经系统neuron神经细胞；神经元reflex条件反射neuroscience (neurobiology)神经系统 科学（神经生物学）beverage饮料wine葡萄酒alcoholic含酒精的dietary饮食的vegetarian 素食cereal (grain)谷类食物flour面粉bread面包pastry面点心pista面条类食品yeast (leaven; ferment)（ ）酵母； 动 名词 （ 物）发酵fruit水果salad色拉meat 荤食dark meat beef牛肉(beef) steak牛排；鱼排groun dbeef (h amburger)绞牛肉；牛肉酱pork猪肉mutton羊肉dairy 奶制品butter黄油cheese奶酪cream奶油carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀 粉） ；糖类starch淀粉fat脂肪fat-free不含脂肪的the least fattening, of course protein蛋白质vitamin维生素calorie卡（路里）nourishing (nutritious)有营养的nutrition营养process 加工raw未加工的；生的preserve保存additive添加剂packaging包装restaurant 饭馆fast-food restaurant (snack bar)快餐部coffee shop咖啡馆；小吃店cafeteria自助餐馆menu菜谱bar酒吧meal 一餐；粗磨粉oatmeal燕麦片（粉）buffet (meal)自助餐egg（鸡）蛋fried egg (sunny-side up; over)荷包蛋 （单煎一面；煎两面）course一道菜dessert甜食refreshments茶点；点心banquet宴会cuisine 烹调recipe食谱；配方spice (seasoning)香料；调味品spread涂抹食品的酱bake烘（糕点等）roast烤（肉等）barbecue烧烤broil (grill)（在烤架等上面）烤toast烤（面包）stew (simmer)炖；焖gourmet美食家connoisseur鉴赏家 新托福最新、 6 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 无边落木萧萧小，不尽单词滚滚来11. PERSONALITY 个性character性格characteristic(trait)特性；特征；特点inquisitive(curious) 好奇的；爱打听的introvert内向的officious(prying)好管闲事的extrovert外向的intrusive(obtrusive)打扰人的；闯入的innate(born)天生的impetuous(hasty)急躁的；鲁莽的impulsive(rash)动的；莽撞的sanguine(optimistic) 乐观的；乐天的whimsical(odd; eccentric)多怪念头的； cheerful (joyful; joyous)欢乐的古怪的ardent(fervent; passionate)热忱的fanatic狂热的enthusiastic(warmhearted; zealous)热 mischievous调皮的；恶意的心的；热情的sociable(social)爱交际的skeptical (dubious; doubtful; courteous有礼貌的suspicious) 怀疑的cordial(hearty; genial)热诚的；友善的reluctant(loath)不愿意的sin cere(earnest; genuine)认真的；真心的vigilant(alert; watchful; wary)警觉的candid (frank; straightforward)坦率 cautious (careful; prudent)谨慎的的；直截了当的scrupulous(discreet)严谨的trustworthy(reliable; dependable)可信 composed (cool; calm; self-controlled)任的镇静的ingenuous单纯的；天真无邪的reserved(restrained)拘谨的；有克制的hospitable殷勤好客的charitable(bountiful; generous)慈善的； melancholy(moody) 忧郁的慷慨的depressed(dejected)压抑的sympathetic(compassionate)同情的；怜 frustrated(disappointed)沮丧的悯的pessimistic悲观的anxious(uneasy; care-ridden)忧虑的knowledgeable (erudite) 知识渊博的； 有见识的timid(cowardly) 胆小的intelligent (smart; bright)聪明的dependent依赖的humorous幽默的humble(unpretentious)谦恭的witty机灵的；爱说风趣话的listless(languid)没精打采的； 兴味索然的versatile (many-sided; multifaceted)多 才多艺的stubborn(obstinate) 顽固的competent(qualified)有才能的；够资格的persistent(persevering)坚持不懈的assiduous(diligent; arduous; laborious)adamant(dogged; insistent; unbending)勤奋的；努力的坚定不移的ingenious(clever)心灵手巧的contemptuous(scornful)鄙夷的； 看不起的judicious(wise; sensible)明智的frugal(thrifty; economical)勤俭节约的爱炫耀的 ； 浮华的pompous(vainglorious) 12. MEDICINE 医学medicinal药的；药用的physician 内科医生medical医学的；内科的surgeon外科医生medical certificate医生证明dentist (dental surgeon)牙科医生medical apparatus (instruments)医疗器械dietician营养学家therapist (某种疗法制)治疗专家medication (medicine; drug) 药物radiologist放射科医生tablet (pill; capsule)药片（药丸、胶囊）veterinarian兽医remedy(therapy)疗法injection注射diagnosis 诊断anesthetic (narcotic)麻醉剂prescription开药方surgery外科手术dispensary (pharmacy)药房antibiotic抗生素emergency (first) aid急救analgesic (pain-killer)镇痛药tranquilizer镇静剂ailing (ill; sick) 生病opiate镇静剂；麻醉剂contract染病potency (efficacy)药力afflict使受（疾病）之苦symptom症状indigestion消化不良haughty(arrogant; supercilious)高傲的dominant(governing)支配的；统治的domineering(overbearing; tyrannical)盛 气凌人的；专横的presumptuous(daring; audacious)放肆 的；胆大妄为的extravagant(lavish)奢移的aggressive(quarrelsome; belligerent) 侵略的；挑衅的ferocious(fierce)凶猛的hostile(unfriendly)敌视的offensive (irritating; annoying)冒犯的； 恼人的bad-tempered(ill-humored)坏脾气的relentless(unrelenting)无情的reckless(heedless)不顾后果的selfish(egoistic) 自私的avaricious(rapacious; greedy)贪婪的stingy(miserly)吝啬的snobbish势利的hypocritical(insincere)虚伪的foolish (silly; stupid) 愚蠢的clumsy(awkward)笨拙的ignorant(uninformed)无知的incompetent(incapable; unfit)无能的； 不胜任的irresponsible(untrustworthy; unreliable)不负责任的；不可靠的negligent(neglectful)玩忽职守的neutral 中性的；中立的detached(impartial)不偏不倚的disinterested(fair; unbiased; unprejudiced)公正的injury(cut; wound)受伤hemorrhage (bleeding)出血disabled (handicapped)残废deformity (malformation; misshape)畸形incurable (fatal) 无法治愈的；致命的cancer癌症epidemic流行病endemic地方流行的（病）incidence发病率influenza (flu)流感infection 感染infectious传染的contagious（接触）传染的contaminate污染；感染inflammation炎症microorganism (germ; bacteria)微生物；细菌 7 iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇无老师 virus病毒noninfectious 非感染性hypertension (high blood pressure)高 血压heart attack心力衰竭；心脏病发作长相思兮长相忆，短相思兮背单词13. MATHEMATICS 数学mathematician数学家arithmetic 算术calculation计算calculator计算器abacus算盘numeral数字sum和total (sum total)总和；总数aggregate总计fraction分数；小数decimal十进位； （十进）小数percentage百分比addition加法plus加以subtraction减法minus减去multiplication乘法multiplication table乘法表multiply乘以times（介词）乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以14. HI-TECH 高科技hi-t