讲解与练习u4.doc

Unit4 What would you do ?单元焦点一、 知识技能你能熟记下列短语和句型并熟练运用吗？1. medical research 医学研究2. be late for 迟到3. what if 如果将会怎么办4. be nervous 紧张的5. get nervous 变得紧张的6. help with 帮助7. tooto 太而不能8. take a long walk 散步9. in public 公共的、公众的10. give a speech 演说、演讲11. ask ones permission 征求某人的许可12. without permission 没有得到许可13. introduce oneself 自我介绍14. in the slightest 一点也，根本15. plenty of 很多的，足够的16. enjoy the company of other people 享受他人的陪伴17. get along with 与相处18. rather than 而不是19. a small circle of very good friends 朋友圈子20. let down 使失望或沮丧21. come up with 提出、想出（问题）22. first-aid 急救23. come out 出版，发表 二、 文化背景、交际策略 同学们，你们知道英语中语气的用法吗？英语的语气分为三类：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。在英语中，除了用语调表示语气之外，最主要的是用动词的变化来表示不同的语气。如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于表达一种与事实相反、不能实现的假设，该语法常用于if引导的条件状语从句。三、 学法指导本单元我们围绕if引导的条件状语从句，初步学习虚拟语气，用来谈论一些虚拟的、假设的情况，掌握与现在事实相反或与将来事实相反的虚拟条件状语从句，并学会用虚拟语气提出建议。 1. 虚拟语气常用在条件从句及其他一些从句中。（条件从句包括真实条件句和虚拟条件从句，在真实条件句中要用陈述语气，而在虚拟条件句中要用虚拟语气。）如： Ifitissunnytomorrow,wellgotothezoo.如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。（在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻 想，因此是真 实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”）IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。（在这句话中，条件句，“如果我是你”，但事实 上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。）2. 在虚拟语气中，句子的时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。即： 现在时过去时（该用现在时时，用过去时） 过去时过去完成时（该用过去时时，用过去完成时） 将来时过去将来时（该用将来时时，用过去将来时） 过去将来时过去将来完成时（该用过去将来时时，用过去将来完成时）知识链接1. What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万，你会做什么？ 这是虚拟语气的疑问句，在此If引导的条件状语从句中，动词用过去式had，主句则用would加动词原形。现实情况是我没有一百万；虚拟的情况是假如我拥有一百万，这是一种不是现实的虚拟假设，因此用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的疑问式，除了动词相应的变化外，其他变化与陈述语气相同。如： Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinthelionscage? 如果你在狮子笼里，你会怎么做？2. If I were you, Id take a small present. 如果我是你，我会带一份小礼物。 这个句子是表示“与现在事实相反的情况”的虚拟语气。即在“IfIwereyou”中，一定用were，而不能用was ，其它情况下有时可用was 。这句话是与现在的事实相反，“现在如果我是你的话。”事实上，我不可能成为你，也就根本没有实现的可能。3. He doesnt know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带一个礼物。1)bring意为“带来、拿来”，强调方向，即从别处拿到说话人这儿来，与take“带走、拿走”恰好相反，如：Bring that bag here, please. 请把那个包拿到这里来。Who has taken away todays newspaper? 谁拿走了今天的报纸？ 2) if是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，常用一般现在时代替将来。如： Ill not go shopping if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就不去购物。 You can learn English well if you work hard on it. 如果你努力，就能学好英语。4. He might not know anyone at the party. 他可能在晚会上谁也不认识。might常见用法如下：1） 情态动词may的过去式，如：He said that I might borrow his umbrella. 他说我可以借他的雨伞。2） 是may的虚拟语气形式，不表示过去，而表示现在或将来“可以、可能”，有时表示对可能性的怀疑，但语气更委婉、更客气。如： He might come today. 他今天可能会来。5. What if I dont know anyone? 如果我一个人也不认识怎么办？what if意为“如果怎么办？”或“即使又有什么关系？”,这是一个固定搭配，引导带条件状语从句的疑问句，如： What if they dont come ? 他们不来怎么办呢？ What if its rainy tomorrow ? 如果明天下雨怎么办？6. I dont know what to say or do. 我不知道该说什么或做什么。He doesnt know what to wear. 他不知道该穿什么（衣服）。what to say or do和 what to wear在上述句中均是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，疑问词可以是疑问代词（如who, whom, which, what）或疑问副词（如when, where, how），这些词后面加不定式构成具有名词作用的不定式短语，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分。常跟疑问词+动词不定式作宾语的动词有，know，tell，advice，show，teach, decide等。如： When to start has not been decided. 何时动身还没有决定。 （主语） Can you show me how to do it ? 你能告诉我怎么做吗？（宾语） The big problem is which to buy. 最大的问题是买什么。（表语）7. I get nervous before big parties and then I get pimples. 在大的晚会之前我会紧张，然后就会得丘疹。get是系动词，get nervous属系表结构，get nervous=be/feel nervous常见的系动词还有：feel, sound, taste, look, touch, smell, seem等。8. Then Im too tired to do well. 然后我（因为）太疲惫而表现不好。tooto 意为“太而不能”，常可与“sothat”句型互换，如： 箱子太重了而没法搬动。The box is too heavy to carry. =The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. 他太小了而不能上学。 He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school.9. Id wait for him to introduce himself to me. 我将等待他向我作自我介绍。introduce . to 向某人介绍某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍Its my honor to introduce my teacher to everyone. 我很荣幸把我的老师介绍给大家。 Could you introduce yourself ? 你可以作个自我介绍吗? 10. Sometimes you might annoy people because youre so confident. 有时候你可能会激怒别人，因为你太自信了。 confident adj. 自信的 confidence n.自信、自信心11. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party. 你可能宁愿呆在家里看书，也不愿去参加晚会。ratherthan宁愿也不 , rather than而不是 (than与比较级用法无关)Rather die than surrender. 宁死不屈。 I, rather than you, should do the work. 该做这个工作的是我，不是你。解题点拨 例1 Without electricity,human life _ quite difficult today.A.isB.will be C.would have beenD.would be解析：原题中的without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity, 决定了此句考查的是一般将来时虚拟语气，故主句用.would be quite difficult，即正确答案为D。 例2 When will the new book _ has not been decided yet.A.come aboutB.come out C.be come outD.publish解析：“出版、发行”可表达为come out或publish,前者为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，后者为及物动词，故选B。同步训练 A组一、 词汇A) 翻译下列短语1.一点也，根本_2.与相处_ 3.公共的，公众的_ 4.使失望、沮丧_ 5.变得紧张 _ 6.征求某人的许可_7.而不是_ 8.如果怎么办_ 9. 提出、想出_10. 散步_B)单词拼写1. He cant speak in front of people. He is s_.2. Ill study hard. I dont want to let my parents d_.3. Do you know the h_ of the basketball?4. Do you have a small c_ of very good friends ?5. I am very busy. Dont b_ me, OK?6. He gave lots of money to _(医学的、医疗的) research.7. He is _(精力充沛的). He can do everything well enough.8. He is _(自信的) to pass the exam.9. Without my _( 允许), dont touch my things.10. What would you do if you had a _（百万） dollars? C) 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The moon_(get) its light from the sun. 2.-Where is your monitor?” -He_(make) a model plane in the classroom.” 3. If I _ (be ) you, I would go with her. 4. The students of Class Four_ (listen) to a report on science this time yesterday. 5. The rain_( not stop) yet. Youd better not go out. 6. If I _(fail) the exam, my parents would not take me to KFC. 7. What new subjects _you _(study) next term? 8. I _ (will ) introduce myself if I wanted to make friends with a new student.二、 选择填空( )1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do.A. were, would B.were, will C. is, will( )2. He _ learn qiuckly if he _ harder. A.would, worked B. will, works C. will, will work( )3. If I _much money, I _buy a big house. A. were, would B. had, will C.had, would ( )4. There are _birds here. A. millions of B. five millions C. five millions of( )5. I would rather write than _. A. speaking B. to speak C. speak( )6. Are you afraid _ in public? A. of speak B. speaking C. to speak( )7. There is _ rain in the south. A. many B. plenty of C. quite a few( )8. Aunt Li asked her son _ too much meat. A. dont eat B. not to eat C. to not eat( )9. He thought hard and _ a good idea. A. think of B. came up C. came up with( )10.Im_ tired _ walk any further. A. too, to B. so, to C. so, that( )11. The girl is easy to _. A. get along B. get along with C. get with( )12. I _ talk that way if I were peter. A. didnt B. wouldnt C. wont( )13. I would wait _him _ himself to me.A. for, to introduce B. of, to introduce C. for, introducing( )14. Your son is clever. Dont _ him. A. worried about B. worry about C. worry( )15. He should answer the questions _ you. A. instead B. rather than C. more than( )16.Mr Chen gave us _on studying English. A. an advice B. some advices C.some advice( )17. Do you know _ to get the ball?. A. what B. how C. which( )18. The girl doesnt want to _her mother _. So she works harder than before.A. make, happy B. get, frustrating C. let, down( )19. Not all teachers are stricted _ their students. A. in B. on C. with( )20. She is a _ . She shouldnt be allowed to drink.A. sixteen years olds B. sixteen-year-olds C. sixteen-year-old三、 根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1.如果我是你的话，我就与看起来友好的人交谈。If I _ you, I would talk to someone _ _ _.2. 如果你的老师叫你在全校学生前做演讲，你会怎么办？。 What would you do if your teacher asked you to _ _ _before the_school.3. 我宁愿呆在家看书，也不愿去参加派对。 I _ _stay at home and read a book _ _ to a party.4. 然后，把烧伤处置于冷水中冲洗。 Then put the _ _ under cold _ _.5. 没有我的许可，你的文章不会发表的。 Your article will not _ _ _ my _. 6. 如果我有了零钱，我会把它存进银行。 If I have change, Ill _ _ _ the bank. 7. 他就如何学好英语给我们提了一些建议。He _ _ _ _ on how to learn English well. 8. 他说与那个女孩相处是很容易的。He said that it was very easy to _ _ _ the girl. 9. 他很开朗又很自信。 He is very _ _ _ _. 10. 睡前散散步，那有助于放松。 Taking a walk before going to bed that would _ _ _.B组一、完形填空 You may think there is only sand in the desert(沙漠) of the world, but it is not true. In the desert, as we know, there is a little 1 and it is not 2 for most plants. Still we can see some plants live in the desert.There is 3 in some places in the deserts. We 4 these places oases(绿洲). In the oases, there are villages and towns. People grow 5 kinds of vegetables and rice in the fields there. People 6 live outside the oases. They have camels(骆驼), sheep and other animals. These animals live 7 the desert plants for their food and do not need any water. The are 8 useful to the desert people in many ways. They eat the 9 and drink the milk of the animals. They 10 the camels for carrying water, food, and 11 .The people of the desert have to keep 12 from place to place. They must always look 13 grass or desert plants for their animals. When there 14 no more food for their animals, they move to another place. The desert people are 15 . Every one in the desert likes to help the people in trouble and give them food and water.( )1. A. rain B. rains C. wind D. winds( )2. A. good B. good enough C. enough goodD. enough( )3. A. earth B. plants C. woodD. water( )4.A. sayB. call C. tellD. find( )5.A. everyB. allC. aD. one( )6.A. alsoB. tooC. eitherD. still( )7.A. on B. with C. of D. by( )8.A. waterB. plantsC. animalsD. food( )9.A. mealB. meatC. bodyD. food( )10.A. letB. makeC. driveD. use( )11.A. other somethingB. something otherC. else something D. something else( )12.A. walkingB. carryingC. movingD. going( )13.A. up B. forC. afterD. at( )14.A. isB. areC. have D. has( )15.A. carefullyB. carefulC. friendlyD. friend二、 阅读理解 A. A woman was at the cinema,and she was enjoying the film very much,but there was a man in the next seat,and he began looking on the floor under him.The woman was angry and whispered “What are you doing there?What are you looking for?” “A piece of hard chocolate（巧克力）,”the man whispered to her.“I dropped it on the floor.” “A piece of chocolate?” the woman said angrily.“Its dirty now! Take this and be quiet,please! Im listening to the film!” She gave the man a big piece of chocolate.“But,” the man said,“my teeth are in the piece on the floor!”( )1.The woman was _.A.watching a TV play B.listening to the musicC.watching a football D.seeing a film( )2. The man sat _ the woman.A.behind B.in front of C.next toD.far from( ) 3. The woman was angry because _.A.the man spoke loudly B.the man didnt talk to herC.she dropped a piece of chocolateD.she couldnt listen to the film clearly( ) 4.The word “whisper” means “speak in a _ voice”.A.low B.loud C.pleasant D.big( ) 5. In fact the man was busy looking for his _.A.glassesB.teeth C.ticket D.wallet B Dear Mrs Smith,I was a student of yours in Grade Six, and I hope you still remember me. Im writing this letter because I want to let you know that the school year with you was important and special to me. It made a great contribution(贡献) to my life.I know I was very quiet in your class, and you never said much to me. But you did something that made a big difference in my life. You see, all through my first years in schools. I hated to read. Books were just words that had very little to do with me, and I was bored by them. Ill never forget the first day of Grade Six when you took out a thick book and began to read the story to our class. Your voice seemed to change with the people in the story, and you drew pictures in my mind as you read aloud. Since that day, I couldnt wait until after lunch when you would read to the class. You read us all kinds of wonderful books.During the summer after my year in your class, I missed hearing the stories you would read. So one day I picked up a book and read it all on my own. I found out that I could make the words interesting, too. Now, I love to read! Thank you for opening the world of books for me. Yours, Linda根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。( )6. This letter is about a girl saying “ ” to a teacher. A. Happy Teachers Day B. Thank you C. Goodbye D. Sorry( )7. Linda was not sure if Mrs Smith could remember her because at schoolA. she wasnt a good student B.she wasnt good at all her lessonsC. she had few words D. she liked reading( )8. Mrs Smith got Linda . A. to enjoy reading B. to enjoy drawing pictures C. to write books D. to read aloud( )9. Which is not true in the story?A. The teacher often said much to Linda.B. The teacher did something important in Lindas life.C. The teacher opened the world of books for Linda.D. The teacher read them all kinds of wonderful books.( )10. How did Mrs Smith teach reading?A. She changed her voice with the people in the story.B. She read aloud, so the students could remember the stories.C. She read all kinds of wonderful books to her students.D. A, B and C.CMost children with healthy appetites（食欲）are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them .A child often likes food unless it is badly cooked .The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a childs appetite . Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so .If the father says that he hates fat meat or the mother refuses some vegetables in the childs hearing, he may copy this action Parents should agree to the fact that he likes everything and he probably will .Nothing healthy should be go out of from the meal because of a supposed dislike .At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small part and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he may eat all at once .Do not talk too much to the child during meal times ,but let him get on with his food ;and do not allow him to leave the table at once after a meal ,or he will soon learn to eat his food hurriedly so he can hurry back to the toys in his room .On no condition（任何情况下都不）must a child be coaxed（哄骗）or made to eat .（ ）11A child with a healthy appetite will eat if it is not badly cooked.Aonly a little of the foodBall the foodCsome of the foodDalmost all the food（ ）12 can make a child like eating more.AOffering as much as possible BPlaying with toysCThe way a meal is well cooked and served DThe way parents eat （ ）13Which of the following is a good action before a child during meal times?ATo discuss the food a parent dislikes.BTo ask a child what food he likes or dislikes.CNever to discuss likes or dislikes of food. DTo talk a lot to the child.（ ）14If a child is allowed to leave the table at once after a meal ,he will .Aeat moreBstop eatingCdislike the meal Dlearn to eat hurriedly任务型知识运用补充完整下面虚拟语气的句子，（注意区