阅读理解专项复习.doc

阅读理解专项复习一、英语考试大纲要求1、理解主旨和要义； 2、理解文中具体信息；3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、做出简单判断和推理；5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。(一).主旨大意 加工与浓缩信息的能力 标题类常见的题型: 1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_.2.The text (passage) could be entitled .3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 大意类常见题型1. This passage chiefly deals with_.2. Whats the topic of the article?3. What is the subject discussed in the text?4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?目的主旨大意常见题型The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _主题句呈现的形式 A. 文首提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法方式。Sample 1 The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.Sample 2Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.Sample 3Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions. B. 文尾在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。Sample 4Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自如).Question: The first paragraph tells us _.A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained. Sample 5Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.C 文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。Sample 6Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.D. 无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Sample 7Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. Sample 8You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Question: What does the passage mainly tells?A. How people stay healthy B How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams（二）推理判断题和作者态度观点题： 技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。 注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。 题干形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that _. (2) From the text we know that _. (3) The story implies that _. (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _ (5) The writers attitude towardis _.Sample 9One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects Sample 10Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude（态度） towards Mr Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff D. He does not like Mr. NeffSample 11When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her? 1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much Sample 12One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. (根据文章作者用词来判断)The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal withSample 13Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.Sample 14We will not deny that tourism has an influence which is not always appreciated by everybody. Some people prefer to be left alone. They are not interested in the money which tourists spend in shops and hotels, as well as on taxis and coach tours. But the majority of ordinary people have far more to gain from tourism than have to lose.What is the writers attitude toward tourism? A. He is against tourism. B. He is not at all interested in tourism. C. He is in favor of tourism. D. We cant tell from the passage.Sample 15I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my fathers age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means. The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that _.（2007天津）A. time alone will tell B. time goes by quicklyC. time will show what is rightD. time makes one forget the past（三）猜测词义1、定义或解释说明A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.2、对比关系信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.3、因果关系信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallowSince I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.4、举例法信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.5、重述信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.6、同义词、近义词信号词: or, like , asas, the same asThe new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.7、生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because th