施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_10答案.doc

Unit 10Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationDo You Risk Enough to Succeed?During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1)tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match (2) proceeded, it became clear that Seless most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.“The match was so close,” said a crestfallen Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4)safe shots. Even on Zinas second serve I was (5) scared to hit the ball for winners.” When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns. Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.1.Take (11) dreams seriously.2.Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure out a first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.3.Dont say “dont”, The Donts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.4.Make your own (16) rules.5.Learn from your mistakes.By (17)embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you (18)ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you. Part 2 listening for GistItll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. Itll be quite warm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees. Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide. 1.This passage is about a weather forecast. 2. The key words are rain, showers, thunderstorm, outlook, maximum temperature. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueAdulthoodInterviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twenties?Bruce: Ur, I think that when youre in your, in the early twenties, youre just getting over, um, teenage adolescent years, so now I think in the late twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just too you just kinda remember too many things of the teenage years and youre still trying to get a plan. But in the twenties, late twenties, you kind of know what you wanna do and you kind of have an idea of, of how to get it. And you know how to settle down, too. You can see a plan for getting things and also settling down.Interviewer: Hmm, um, is there a time in your life that you think you would call the most difficult time? Bruce: Probably the teenage years, like fourteen, fifteen . Interviewer: Yeah? Bruce: Sixteen. Interviewer: The mid teens. Bruce: Yeah, I think the mid teens were the worst. Interviewer: So, Julie, why would you like to be a little girl again?Julie: Um, I think, uh, I think lately because the age Im at now, I feel, is kind of a stressful age. Interviewer: Huh. Julie: When youre, when youre younger, you dont have as many worries and responsibilities. Interviewer: Yeah. Julie: You dont have all the stresses of life as an adult. I think at the age Im at now, when you get out of college and you need to find a job. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Julie: And Im single and I cant depend on my parents anymore.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I have new responsibilities - just trying to get used to having new responsibilities and also figure out what I wanna do - theres lots of decisions. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Julie: I dont always know what the best thing to do is. Um, those are things that I need to learn. Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: Yeah.Interviewer: So, Ann, why was being in your thirties good? Ann: Because in your thirties you pretty much know what you like and what you dont like，and youre kind of settled into life. And, at least for me, that was a really good time. Actually, now that my sons are married and, and theyre independent. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Ann: When I come to, come to think about it, I probably do more interesting things now for myself than I did when I was in my thirties . Interviewer: Huh! For example.Ann: Well, now Im playing in an orchestra, which I would neverve had time to do when the boys were little and, urn, and I, ur, read a lot more than I did.Interviewer: Do you and your husband go out more? Ann: Ha! We do! We do. We go out to movies, and we go out to dinner, and we hope to be able to travel! Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). l. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8.T Part 2 PassageSocial SecurityThe Social Security system in the US is a major source of retirement income for many. Thus Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer? The Social Security Administration projected income and expense for the Social Security fund from 2000 to 2050. The figures for both income-tax revenues and benefits paid out are sobering*. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement. The gap between revenue and expense arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed. The system was established in 1935 and was intended as an insurance policy against a poverty-ridden old age, a not uncommon fate for the elderly during the first decades of the 20th century. The Social Security system has been expanded many times since its inception*. It now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each. The system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually. In the 1930s, life expectancy in the US was 59.7 years; many people never reached the age of retirement. In 2001, life expectancy was 77.6 years; most people today live for quite a while on Golden Pond*. Were living longer and drawing from the Social Security fund for more years with each passing generation. The declining age of retirement only exacerbates* this trend. In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future. Barring any restructuring of the system beforehand, Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s. At that point, if not sooner, one of two things will need to be done: (1) The Social Security tax rate will need to be increased, or (2) Benefits paid out wij1 need to be reduced. The second solution may involve extending the retirement age to 70 or an even older age. Since none of these options is politically palatable (the elderly have the highest voting rate), it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two. Since 3 out of every 10 Americans aged 65 or older depend on Social Security payments for 90% or more of their income (and 3 out of 5 depend on Social Security for 50% or more of their income) we must ask an important question: Are those of us now in our 30s and 40s planning on an alternative or supplemental retirement income? A: Pre-listening Question Actually, it is a government scheme that provides economic assistance to those people faced with sickness, unemployment, maternity and retirement, etc. In this case, the cost is paid entirely out of taxation. If the cost is met wholly or partly from contributions paid by employers to the state, the scheme is usually called national insurance. B: Sentence Dictation Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times. 1. Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer? 2. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement. 3. The Social Security system now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each, and the system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually. 4. In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future. 5. Since none of these options is politically palatable, it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.C: Detailed Listening Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. l. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. BD After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. The gap between revenues and expenses arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed. Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s. 2. (Open) Section Three NewsNews Item 1For development organizations, the meetings are a time to discuss some of the unfinished business of the G-20. Last month in London, its leaders pledged $1 trillion to the IMF for loans and other assistance to help cushion the developing world from the effects of the global financial crisisBut some questions remain. Activists say, for example, that the G-20 promised $100 billion for multi-lateral institutions like the African and Asian Development Banks, but did not specify where the money would come from.They also want clarification on how proposals made by the G-20 would work. One is the issuing of $250 billion worth of the IMF reserve currency, called Special Drawing Rights, or SDRs, to nations needing funding against the effects of the global financial downturn. It is estimated that nearly $19 billion would go to low income countries under the plan and $60 billion to middle income countries like Mexico and Brazil.SDRs, which are worth about $1.50 can be exchanged for the leading currencies, including the dollar, the euro and the yen. The IMF would distribute SDRs to states according to the size of their voting shares within the institution.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the G-20s financing aid for developing countries and activists doubt.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage. Activists say that the G-20 promised $100 billion for institutions like the African and Asian Development Banks, but did not specify where the money would come from.Also they want to know how proposals made by the G-20 would work. For example, $250 billion worth of the IMF reserve currency, called Special Drawing Rights would be issued to nations needing funding. According to the plan, nearly $19 billion would go to low income countries and $60 billion to middle income countries.SDRs, which are worth about $1.50 or 1 can be exchanged for the leading currencies.The IMF would distribute SDRs to states according to the size of their voting shares within the institution.News Item 2President Obama says he is pleased with the results of his first international summit.He says it was productive, and predicts it will be seen as a turning point in the pursuit of a global economic recovery.Speaking to reporters just hours after the summit was adjourned, the president spoke of the consensus achieved by countries who came in with different priorities and perspectives.The president did not get a concrete promise from others for substantial increases in government domestic spending - a tool he has used at home to boost the U.S. economy. But there was agreement to provide funding for $1 trillion in additional loans and credits for struggling countries through the International Monetary Fund and other institutions. And the summit started the process of clamping down on tax havens for the wealthy and loosely regulated investment funds for the rich.Mr. Obama said the G-20 meeting approved critical, bold steps. He said there is no guarantee they will all work, but he stressed the healing process has begun. A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about president obamas comment on the G-20 meeting. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions. 1. President Obama attended the G-20 meeting.2. He was pleased with the result.3. He boosted the U.S. economy with substantial increases in government domestic spending.4. No, it wasnt.5. There was agreement to provide funding for $1 trillion in additional loans and credits for struggling countries through the international Monetary Fund and other institutions.6. No, they wont. News Item 3The free-trade pact between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations brings together a market of 1.9 billion people. Already trade between the two is $200 billion a year, and that is expected to grow.The deal, signed in 2002, goes into effect on Friday, January 1, creating the worlds third largest trade zone behind the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement.Under the pact, tariffs will be eliminated on about 90 percent of goods traded among China, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. For the remaining ASEAN states, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, the tariff reductions will cone into effect in 2015.Chinese officials say about 7,000 items will have zero tariffs while preferential access will be given for companies from China and ASEAN into service industries such as tourism.China is likely to increase imports of ASEAN raw materials, food and beverages and luxury goods jewelry.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the free trade deal between china and ASEAN.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. T Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportGlobal Economic Upturn Seen as 2010 Approaches2009 began with a sinking global economy paralyzed by a worldwide credit crunch, stung by a cascading failure of banks and financial institutions, and undermined by panic and pessimism on the part of consumers and investors from Wall Street to Tokyo. Central banks and governments fought back with massive cash injections, financial rescue packages and stimulus programs, but success in containing the crisis was far from assured.The global economy is expected to show a 1.1 percent drop in output for 2009, following a five percent expansion in 2007 and three percent growth in 2008.The past year has seen sharp spikes in unemployment, which peaked at 10.2 percent in the United States, 9.8 percent in Europe, 9 percent in Brazil and 5.7 percent in Japan.But a turnaround is underway, according to U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner“The U.S. economy and the world economy are now growing again. Businesses are starting to invest again, consumers are now spending, business and consumer confidence has improved, global trade is now expanding at an encouraging pace.But analysts warn that perils remain, and badly needed financial reforms in the United States and elsewhere have yet to be implementedPolicymakers must also decide when to wind down unprecedented levels of government stimulus and financial support. Those measures were deemed necessary in the face of an economic crisis, but can spark inflation if sustained for too long.The global economic downturn struck advanced industrialized nations particularly hard, providing an opening for rising economic powers like India and China to shine on the world stage.For many nations, the passing of the financial crisis means attention must be refocused on long-term problems that preceded the global recession. In the United States, massive government debt continues to grow at a time when an aging population is placing ever-greater demands on social welfare programs.In much of the developing world, such as in Kenya, other challenges must be tackled.Unlike in past economic rebounds, the United States is not in a position to drive global growth.Analysts say global economic growth will likely be powered by rapid expansion in countries like China and India, with contributions also coming from lesser developed nations.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the global economic upturn after the financial crisis.B: Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F Part 2 PassageThursday is the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin. His landmark book on evolution, On the Origin of Species, was published 150 years ago, and