综合教程 unit knowledge and wisdom 电子教案ppt课件.ppt

Unit4 Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions 1 Whydoestheteacherincludeapaintingwhichisnotontheirsyllabus Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement1 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation Shewantstoteachherstudentshowtothinkindependently Thenewsyllabuswillbeaboutwhatartis whatmakesitgoodorbad andwhodecides 2 Whatisthenewsyllabusfortheirartofhistoryclass Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement2 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation BettyWarren Whatisthat KatherineWatson Youtellme CarcassbySoutine 1925 Ananonymousstudent Itisnotonthesyllabus Katherine No it snot Isitanygood En Comeon ladies Thereisnowronganswer Thereisalsonotextbooktellingyouwhattothink It snotthateasy isit Betty Allright No itisnotgood Infact Iwouldn tevencallitart It sgrotesque ConnieBaker Istherearuleagainstbeinggrotesque GiselleLevy Ithinkthereissomethingaggressiveaboutit Anderotic VideoScript1 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation FromMonaLisaSmile VideoScript2 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation Betty Toyou everythingiserotic Giselle Andeverythingiserotic Katherine Girls Theanonymousstudent Aren ttherestandards Betty Ofcoursethereare OtherwiseatackyvelvetpaintingcouldbeequatedtoRembrandt Connie MyuncleFirdiehastwotackyvelvetpaintings Helovesthoseclones Betty Therearestandards technique composition color evensubjects Soifyou resuggestingthatrottedsideofmeatisart muchlessgoodart Thenwhatarewegoingtolearn VideoScript3 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation Katherine Justthat Youhaveoutlinedournewsyllabus Betty Thankyou Whatisart Whatmakesitgoodorbad Andwhodecides Nextslide please Twenty fiveyearsago someonethoughtthiswasbrilliant Connie Icanseethat Betty Who Katherine Mymother Ipainteditforherbirthday Nextslide ThisismyMum Isitart Theanonymousstudent Itisasnapshot Katherine IfItoldyouAnselAdamshadtakenit wouldthatmakeadifference VideoScript4 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation Betty Artisn tartuntilsomeonesaysitis Katherine It sart Betty Therightpeople Katherine Whoarethey Giselle BettyWarren Wearesoluckywehaveoneofthemrighthere Betty Screwyou Katherine CouldyougobacktotheSoutineplease Numerousstudiesofcollegeclassroomsrevealthat ratherthanactivelyinvolvingourstudentsinlearning welecture eventhoughlecturesarenotnearlyaseffectiveasothermeansfordevelopingcognitiveskills Criticalthinking thecapacitytoevaluateskillfullyandfairlythequalityofevidenceanddetecterror hypocrisy manipulation dissembling andbias iscentraltobothpersonalsuccessandnationalneeds Theteacherwhofosterscriticalthinkingfostersreflectivenessinstudentsbyaskingquestionsthatstimulatethinkingessentialtotheconstructionofknowledge Culturalinformation1 AudiovisualSupplement CulturalInformation CriticalThinking GlobalReading Mainidea1 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis Forallthethingswemaylearnfromtheworldwearelivingin therearethreemajorcategories Thefirstcategoryis information whichconsistsofsimplefactsanddirectimpressions Thesecondcategoryiscommonlydeemedas knowledge whichisinformationprocessedandsystemized Thethirdcategoryis wisdom whichisthehardesttodefine Wearequiteclearaboutitssuperioritytotheprevioustwocategories yetfortherealmofwisdomtherehasneverbeenasurepath However inthisexcerpt Russellhasshownusawaytoapproachwisdom RhetoricalFeatures GlobalReading Mainidea2 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis Inaverylogicalorder hegivesfourfeaturesofwisdom fromwhichwelearnthatwisdomisacleveruseofknowledgefornoblepurposes RhetoricalFeatures Structuralanalysis1 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis Thetextisneatlystructured withthefirstparagraphintroducingthetopicandtheotherfourparagraphselaboratingonit Eachofthefourparagraphsdiscussesonefactorthatcontributestowisdom OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight ThetopicsentenceofParagraphs2 5 Paragraph2 RhetoricalFeatures Structuralanalysis2 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis Theremustbe also acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife Paragraph3 Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice Paragraph4 Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation asfaraspossible fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow Paragraph5 RhetoricalFeatures Structuralanalysis3 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis Factorsthatconstitutewisdom comprehensivenessmixedwithasenseofproportion afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife understanding impartiality RhetoricalFeatures RhetoricalFeatures1 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis RhetoricalFeatures Inthisessay parallelismisemployed apartfromotherrhetoricdevices Hereisanexample Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality ontheonehand byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace andontheotherhand bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings Theunderlinedpartsinthequotedsentenceconstituteequivalentsyntacticconstructions thusmakingtheexpressionmoreforceful Parallelismcanalsobeusedtoconveyone sideasmoreclearlyandcreateasenseoforderandproportion RhetoricalFeatures2 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis RhetoricalFeatures Otherexamplesofparallelismintheessay enormouslyloweringtheinfantdeath rate notonlyinEuropeandAmerica butalsoinAsiaandAfrica Paragraph2 Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld Paragraph2 Perhapsonecouldstretchthecomprehensivenessthatconstituteswisdomtoincludenotonlyintellectbutalsofeeling Paragraph3 RhetoricalFeatures3 TextAnalysis StructuralAnalysis RhetoricalFeatures Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingsarenarrow Paragraph3 Itisnotonlyinpublicways butinprivatelifeequally thatwisdomisneeded Paragraph4 Mostpeoplewouldagreethat althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom Butagreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine wisdom andconsidermeansofpromotingit Iwanttoaskfirstwhatwisdomis andthenwhatcanbedonetoteachit BertrandRussell KnowledgeandWisdom abridged Detailedreading1 DetailedReading 1 Detailedreading2 DetailedReading Thereare Ithink severalfactorsthatcontributetowisdom OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians Suppose forexample thatyouareengagedinresearchinscientificmedicine Theworkisdifficultandislikelytoabsorbthewholeofyourintellectualenergy Youhavenottimetoconsidertheeffectwhichyourdiscoveriesorinventions 2 Detailedreading3 DetailedReading mayhaveoutsidethefieldofmedicine Yousucceed letussay asmodernmedicinehassucceeded inenormouslyloweringtheinfantdeath rate notonlyinEuropeandAmerica butalsoinAsiaandAfrica Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld Totakeanevenmorespectacularexample whichisineverybody smindatthepresenttime Youstudythecompositionoftheatomfromadisinteresteddesireforknowledge andincidentally Detailedreading4 DetailedReading placeinthehandsofpowerfullunaticsthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace Insuchwaysthepursuitofknowledgemaybecomeharmfulunlessitiscombinedwithwisdom andwisdominthesenseofcomprehensivevisionisnotnecessarilypresentinspecialistsinthepursuitofknowledge Detailedreading5 DetailedReading Comprehensivenessalone however isnotenoughtoconstitutewisdom Theremustbe also acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife Thismaybeillustratedbythestudyofhistory Manyeminenthistorianshavedonemoreharmthangoodbecausetheyviewedfactsthroughthedistortingmediumoftheirownpassions Hegelhadaphilosophyofhistorywhichdidnotsufferfromanylackofcomprehensiveness sinceitstartedfromtheearliesttimesandcontinuedintoanindefinitefuture Butthechieflessonofhistorywhichhesoughttoinculcatewasthatfromtheyear400AD 3 Detailedreading6 DetailedReading downtohisowntimeGermanyhadbeenthemostimportantnationandthestandard bearerofprogressintheworld Perhapsonecouldstretchthecomprehensivenessthatconstituteswisdomtoincludenotonlyintellectbutalsofeeling Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingsarenarrow SuchmenlackwhatIcallwisdom Detailedreading7 DetailedReading Itisnotonlyinpublicways butinprivatelifeequally thatwisdomisneeded Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement Manymeninpastagesdevotedtheirlivestoasearchforthephilosopher sstoneandtheelixiroflife Nodoubt iftheycouldhavefoundthem theywouldhaveconferredgreatbenefitsuponmankind butasitwastheirliveswerewasted 4 Detailedreading8 DetailedReading Todescendtolessheroicmatters considerthecaseoftwomen Mr AandMr B whohateeachotherand throughmutualhatred bringeachothertodestruction SupposeyougotoMr Aandsay WhydoyouhateMr B HewillnodoubtgiveyouanappallinglistofMr B svices partlytrue partlyfalse AndnowsupposeyougotoMr B HewillgiveyouanexactlysimilarlistofMr A sviceswithanequaladmixtureoftruthandfalsehood SupposeyounowcomebacktoMr Aandsay YouwillbesurprisedtolearnthatMr Bsaysthesamethingsaboutyouasyousayabouthim andyougotoMr Bandmakeasimilarspeech Detailedreading9 DetailedReading Thefirsteffect nodoubt willbetoincreasetheirmutualhatred sinceeachwillbesohorrifiedbytheother sinjustice Butperhaps ifyouhavesufficientpatienceandsufficientpersuasiveness youmaysucceedinconvincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickedness andthattheirenmityisharmfultoboth Ifyoucandothis youwillhaveinstilledsomefragmentsofwisdom Detailedreading10 DetailedReading Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation asfaraspossible fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow Wecannothelptheegoismofoursenses Sightandsoundandtouchareboundupwithourownbodiesandcannotbeimpersonal Ouremotionsstartsimilarlyfromourselves Aninfantfeelshungerordiscomfort andisunaffectedexceptbyhisownphysicalcondition Graduallywiththeyears hishorizonwidens and inproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates 5 Detailedreading11 DetailedReading heachievesgrowingwisdom Thisisofcourseamatterofdegree Noonecanviewtheworldwithcompleteimpartiality andifanyonecould hewouldhardlybeabletoremainalive Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality ontheonehand byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace andontheotherhand bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings Itisthisapproachtowardsimpartialitythatconstitutesgrowthinwisdom Isthereanyorthodoxdefinitionofwisdom Detailedreading1 Quesion1 No Thereisdisagreementoverwhatwisdomis DetailedReading Detailedreading1 Quesion2 Whatdoesthewritertrytoillustratebytheexamplesofresearchinmedicineandstudyoftheatomrespectively Inthefirstplace theyareexamplesofthepropositionraisedattheverybeginningofthetext althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom Theproblem accordingtotheessay ispartlyduetothefactthatitisnowmoredifficulttoacquireasenseofproportion ortheabilitytoassigndifferentweightstovariousfactorsrespectively thusachievingbalance Inconsequence breakthroughsinsciencearelikelytobringaboutcorrespondingharmstothehumanrace DetailedReading Detailedreading1 Quesion3 Accordingtothewriter howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom Ifoneharboursnarrowfeelings hisresearchandstudycouldbeharmfultothesociety Theresearchcouldbedoneintheinterestofasmallgroup theresultofhisstudycouldbebiased Soknowledgeableasheis heisnotawiseman Toimplantwisdom oneisrequiredtomakeeffortstorestrainthenarrowpersonalfeelingsandhaveamoreextensivepassionforhumanlife Wisdomconsistsnotonlyoftheabilitytojudgewhatismostimportantbutalsoofafullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife DetailedReading Detailedreading1 Quesion4 Whyiswisdomanecessaryqualityinpeopleandculture AccordingtoRussell thevicesofthelackofwisdomareobviousandpalpable rangingfromdisturbancetopubliclife includingmostnotablytheupsetofworldpeace tounpleasantincidentsinprivatelife Meanwhile thereseemstobeanimbalanceinthegrowthofknowledgeandwisdom whichisverylikelytomakethingsevenworse So wisdomisnecessaryforbothpersonalandculturaldevelopments DetailedReading Detailedreading1 Quesion5 What accordingtoRussell istheessenceofwisdom Andhowdoesthatexplaintheprocesstoattainwisdom AccordingtoRussell theessenceofwisdomisimpartiality oremancipationfromegoisticortemporalconcerns Itisnaturallydifficultformantoattainimpartiality asmanisnaturallyboundupbyhisownphysicalstatesfromhisbirth Ashegrows however hishorizonwidens hisconcernsgetbeyondfromthelimitsoftimeandspace andhisfeelingsbecomemoreimpersonal thusthegrowthofimpartialityandwisdom DetailedReading surpassv exceed begreaterthan Detailedreading1 surpass e g Thestudentwassurpassinghimselfinmathematics Tom sperformancesurpassedallexpectations DetailedReading Theamountofpetrolacarusesisrelativetoitsspeed e g Detailedreading1 correlative1 correlativea havingorshowingarelationtosth else e g Rights whethermoralorlegal caninvolvecorrelativeduties DetailedReading Derivation correlate v correlation n Comparison relative to a Ifsth isrelativetosth else itvariesaccordingtothespeedorleveloftheotherthing Arethesedocumentsrelativetothediscussion e g Detailedreading1 correlative2 DetailedReading Comparison Ifsth isrelativetoaparticularsubject itisconnectedwithit Detailedreading1 proportion1 proportionn thecorrectrelationinsize degree etc betweenonethingandanotherorbetweenthepartsofawhole e g Whenateacherdecidesuponhisstudents comprehensivescoreforacoursetaken hehastoconsidertheproportionofexaminationtocoursework Yourlegsareverymuchinproportiontotherestofyourbody Ithinkacertainamountofworryaboutworkisverynatural butyou vegottokeepitinproportion DetailedReading Detailedreading1 proportion2 DetailedReading asenseofproportion theabilitytounderstandwhatisimportantandwhatisnot Detailedreading1 due duea proper adequate e g Theywillsurelymeetwithduepunishment Duecaremustbetakenwhileoneisdriving DetailedReading Detailedreading1 disinterested disinteresteda havingnopersonalinvolvementorreceivingnopersonaladvantage andthereforeabletojudgeasituationfairly e g adisinterestedobserver judgmentapieceofdisinterestedadvice DetailedReading Derivation interest v interested a interesting a Detailedreading1 spectacular spectaculara attractingexcitednotice graduallyunusual e g Thepartysufferedaspectacularlossintheelection We vehadspectacularsuccesswiththeproduct DetailedReading Detailedreading1 lunatic lunaticn apersonwhoismad foolish orwild e g Hedriveslikealunatic DetailedReading Detailedreading1 end endn agoalordesiredresult e g Doyouhaveaparticularendinmind Hewantedsciencestudentstotakeaninterestinthearts andtothisendheranliteratureclassesathishomeonSundayafternoons DetailedReading Detailedreading1 inculcate inculcatev fixbeliefsorideasinsb smind especiallybyrepeatingthemoften e g Ourfootballcoachhasworkedhardtoinculcateateamspiritin intotheplayers Theywilltrytoinculcateyouwitharespectforculture DetailedReading Detailedreading1 emancipation emancipationn freedomfrompolitical moral intellectualorsocialrestraintsoffensivetoreasonorjustice e g women s femaleemancipationblackemancipationtheemancipationofmankindtheemancipationoftheserfs DetailedReading Synonym freeing liberation unyoking Detailedreading1 inherently inherentlyad existingasanaturalorbasicpartofsth e g There snothinginherentlywrongwithhisideas Mountaineeringisinherentlydangerous Powerstationsarethemselvesinherentlyinefficient DetailedReading Synonym intrinsically essentially innately Detailedreading1 thephilosopher sstoneandtheelixiroflife thephilosopher sstoneandtheelixiroflifeThesearetwoofthemajorpreoccupationsofalchemy Thephilosopher sstonecouldconvertallmetalintowhatwasconsidereditsmostrefinedform theelementgold Theelixiroflifewouldinstillperpetualyouth DetailedReading Detailedreading1 conferon conferon upongiveorgrant anofficialtitle degree honour rightoradvantagetosomeone e g TheministermayhaveexceededthepowersconferredonhimbyParliament AnhonorarydoctoratewasconferredonhimbyPekingUniversity DetailedReading Detailedreading1 appalling appallinga horrifying shocking e g Whenwillthisappallingwarend Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions Theplightofthestarvingrefugeesisappalling DetailedReading Derivation appal v appalled a Detailedreading1 vice vicen evilorunprincipledconduct criminalorimmoralbehaviour e g Greed pride envy dishonestyandlustareconsideredtobevices Thechiefofpolicesaidthathewascommittedtowipingoutviceinthecity DetailedReading Detailedreading1 admixture admixturen athingadded esp asaminoringredient e g greenwithanadmixtureofblack DetailedReading Detailedreading1 enmity enmityn afeelingofhate e g enmitybetweenProtestantsandCatholicsfamilyfeudsandenmities DetailedReading Synonym hostility animosity opposition resentment Detailedreading1 instill instillv graduallybutfirmlyestablish anideaorattitude especiallyadesirableone inaperson smind e g Itispartofateacher sjobtoinstillself confidenceintohis herstudents DetailedReading Synonym inculcate fairness justice objectivity neutrality open mindedness Detailedreading1 impartiality impartialityn theconditionoftreatingallrivalsordisputantsequally e g Thestatemustensuretheindependenceandimpartialityofthejusticesystem Hisimpartialitywashighlysuspect DetailedReading Derivation partial a partiality n partially ad impartial a impartially ad Synonym Detailedreading1 Mostpeople Mostpeoplewouldagreethat althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom Paraphrase Mostpeoplebelievethatknowledgeisnotequaltowisdomaspasthistoryhassuggestedthattheacquisitionofknowledgedoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheincreaseofwisdom DetailedReading Detailedreading1 Ofthese OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight Explanation Thewholesentencemeansthatamongthecontributingfactorsofwisdom Ishouldregardasenseofproportionasthetoppriority Itreferstotheabilitytogetacomprehensiveviewofaproblem andatthesametime toknowwhichaspectismoreim