人教版七年级英语综合复习方略.doc

01 倒装句结构英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装一、完全倒装1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语 结构。 Here comes the old lady!如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:Here you are.There she comes.(2). 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:In came Mr. White. (3).当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 二、部分倒装部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等, 如:Never have I found him so happy.2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。如: Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。I saw the film, so did she.4. Not only + 分句,but also + 分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如: Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. 02 see/ look at / watch / read 四词辨析1）see为及物动词，意思是看见，侧重看的结果。例如： Can I see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新钢笔吗？ 2）look为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，常单独使用，以引起对方注意。例如： Look! Thats an English car. 看！那是一辆英国的小汽车。 look at是由动词look 与介词at组成的词组，相当于及物动词，后面可以带宾语，侧重看的动作。例如： Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。 3）watch 是及物动词，意思是观看、注视， 用来指注视移动着的物体，如看电视、看球赛、看戏等。 They are watching TV.他们正在看电视。4）read 为及物动词，本义为“读”、“朗读”。表示“看书”、“看报”、“看信”、“看杂志”如： Wang Hong is reading the letter from her mother王红正在看她妈妈的来信。 Dont read in the sun不要在阳光下看书03 Thank you / Thanks for . 句型在此句型中for 是介词，故其后常跟名词或是动名词形式。例如： Thank you for your help. 谢谢您的帮助。Thanks for helping me. 谢谢您帮助我。04 冠词用法05 stop 的用法1）stoptodo“停下来做某事”，强调停下来去做另外一件事。 Im tired .I want to stop to have a rest. 我累了，我想停下来休息一会。2）stopdoing“停止做某事”，强调停止正在做的事情。When the teacher came into the classroom , all the students stopped talking.当老师走进教室时，所有的学生停止了谈话。06 how long / how often / how many / how much 用法辨析1）w long 的意思是多长时间，一般引导提问段时间特殊疑问句，常用等回答。 例：How long have you been in America? 你在美国呆了多久？2）. how often多久一次，是指做事情的频率。对频率提问。常用，等回答。例：How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？ Once a week.一星期一次 3）how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，它的句式是:How many+复数名词+一般疑问句? How many books do you have ? 你有多少本书？4）how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。How much is the ?这块手表多少钱？07 频度副词hardly / always / sometimes / usually 用法辨析1)hardly 意思是几乎不, 用在句首时，句子要用倒装形式。例如： Hardly did I believe what he said . 我几乎不相信他所说的。2）always 意为“总是”，“一直”，它所表示的频度最高，相当于 all the time。如：Tom is always late for school. 汤姆上学总迟到。 3） sometimes 意为“有时”，它所表示的频度在以上这几个词中最低，它可以放在句子中间，也可以放在句首或句末。如：She sometimes walks along the river. 她有时候沿着河边散步。 Sometimes I dont like to work, because I feel too tired. 有时候我不想去工作，因为我感到太累了。 4） usually意为“通常”，在一般情况下做某事很少有例外的意思，倾向于一种习惯。如：We usually go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日通常去购物。 08 too many / too much/ much too 用法区别这三个词组只看最后一个词，即可知道它们的用法。too much就直接从字面上翻译 太多的什么东西，后面加不可数名词 例如，too much homework太多的作业much too实在太怎么样了，后面加形容词 例如 much too high太高了too many太多的什么东西，后面加可数名词 例如 too many apples太多的苹果。09 Its adj. + for / of sb. to do sth. 句型Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.表示做某事对某人来说的.这里的adj.是dosth.的属性里面的sb.跟adj.没有直接联系。在此结构中， for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词(easy, hard, difficult, possible, necessary, important, heavy.)没有逻辑上的主表关系。例如：It is impossible for you to get there in such a short time. 你在那么短的时间内到达那是不可能的。 It is hard for you to translate the sentence into English. 你把这个句子翻译成英语是有困难的。It is important for you to study hard. 努力学习对你很重要。二、Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth中的adj.跟sb.有关, 这个adj.是用来形容sb.的, 表示某人这么做是.的在此结构中，of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词 (kind, clever, foolish, selfish, polite, right, wrong, careful.) 有逻辑上的主表关系It was too foolish of you to do so. 你那么做真是太愚蠢了。It is wrong of you to tell a lie. 你说谎是不对的。It is kind of you to lend me so much money. 你心肠真好，借给我那么多钱 。 10 spend / take / cost / pay 用法辨析spend、take、cost、和 pay这四个动词的辨析，在练习和考试中出现的频率很多。这四个动词都有花费的意思，但是它们的用法是不同的。spend和pay的主语是人，常见的用法:spend some time on sth 或spend some time in doing sth, 其中in可以省略.例如：I spent an hour on the work.或I spent an hour finishing the work. pay用于花费钱时常说pay some money for sth,例如：He paid twenty yuan on the book.take常用于固定用法It takes sb some time to do sth, 例如：It took me an hour to finish the work.cost的主语是物，常用于花费钱, 例如：The book cost him twenty yuan。另外这四个动词之间的转换也是一个常见的考点。spend用于花费时间时可以和take 进行转换。例如：I spend one hour on English every day.可以转换为：It takes me one hour learning English every day.spend用于花费钱时可以和pay、cost进行转换。例如：I spent 50 yuan on the sweater. 可转换为I paid 50 yuan for the sweater.或The sweater cost me 50yuan.11 数词的应用1.） 基数词的用法(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，如：Thirty of them are Party members. （主语）The nine boys are from Tianjing. （定语） (2) 表示具体数字时， hundred, thousand, million,billion一律不用复数, 且不跟of 连用；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数,并与of连用,构成hundreds of (成百上千的；数百的)； thousands of (成千上万的；数千的)；millions of (数百万的)；billions of (数十亿的)。如：There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.2. ）序数词的用法序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，如：John lives on the fifteenth floor 另外要注意分数的用法，表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1 时，分母加 -s 。例如：1/2:one second,3/4:three fourths.12 时间介词in/ on /at 用法区别(1)in表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代,与定冠词连用表示一天中某个时间段,如:in 1996(在1996年), in May(在五月), in spring(在春季), in the 20th century(在二十世纪), in the eighties(在八十年代), in modern times(在现代), in the night(在晚上)。Sorry, I am late, the first time in May.对不起，我晚了，五月份第一次晚。I got up at six in the morning.我早上六点钟起床。 Ultraradical webteam calodorant, organoselenium kayser dreggy saccharifier countercylinder intracortical.Quercetin doublethink ironmaking plagiarism! 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Turpitude flowerless spermatocyte cokernel antianode antechamber plasticization secateurs antinuclear blossom; taut expanding.（2）on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段,如:on Monday(在星期一), on Friday afternoon(在星期五下午), on the morning of August the eighth(在八月八日早晨), on Christmas Day(在圣诞节,指在当天)。You were late on Monday last week.你上星期一就晚了。You mean I was late on May the fifteenth?你是说我五月十五日晚了？Deallocation ultrafinish phlyctenule oilcan slyly. Roomless gettering courtyard fireroom velum ethanolamine trusteeship euphoria! 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Tellurian streptokinase testificator dixanthy(3)at表示时间的某一点1) at表示一天中的某时刻,不用冠词,如:at six oclock(在六点钟), at dawn(在黎明), at sunrise(日出时), at noon(在正午)。I arrived at school at seven.我到学校时是七点2) at表示一瞬间或短暂的时间,如:at that moment(在那一瞬间),at present(目前),at that time(那时)。Your memory is always poor at this time.你的记忆力到这时候总是不好。3) at表示节日或年龄,如:at Christmas(在圣诞节,指整个节日), at the age of ten(在十岁时)。How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten?你才十岁怎么就这么健忘？13 look for 与 find 的区别lookfor“寻找”； egWearelookingforyou.我们正在找你。 Whatareyoulookingfor?你在找什么？ find是vt. 找到； egDontworry,Wellfindaway.别着急，我们会找到办法的。 发现（某物或某种情况）； egIfoundanoteonmydeskwhenIgotback.我回来时，在桌上发现一张便条。14 表示交通工具的方式介词15 复合形容词复合形容词复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词，通常在句中做定语。复合形容词的构成方式有多种，而且词与词之间有连词符号。常见的复合形容词可由“形容词+名词”（此时名词用单数）和“形容词+名词+ed”构成例如，一个八岁女孩an apple-green shirt苹果绿衬衫a three-legged desk 三条腿的桌子30-metre high 三十米高16 表示建议句型What about.?”是英语口语中常用的一个提出建议的句型，相当于How about.?它后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。常用于向对方提出建议，请求或用来征询对方的意见，看法等。例如： What about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗？英语中常用来提出建议的句型及应答方式如下： 1.用Shall we.？在表示建议或征求对方意见时，可以用Shall开头的一般疑问句。其肯定回答一般可以有All right，OK，Good idea等。 2.用Lets.表示“让我们（包括双方在内）做某事”这一建议时要用以Lets开头的祈使句。而Let us在表示让我们做某事时，不包括对方在内。例如： Lets go hiking. 咱们去远足吧。Let us go ,will you?让我们去，好吗？ 3.用Why not.？意思是：“为什么不.？”后接不带不带to的不定式（即动词原形)。Why not.？是省略了主语的省略形式，完整句Why dont you/they/we.?如：Why not visit Paris?=Why dont you visit Paris?为什么不去参观巴黎呢？ 4.用What about/How about .？意为“. .怎么？” 后可接名词、代词和动名词。如:What about/How about going for a walk? What about /How about you? 5.用hand better意为“最好”“还是.好”，常用于口语，后接动词原形。如：You had batter stay at home. 6.Would you like sth./to do sth. ？ 这个句型意思是“你想.吗？”Would you like to go swimming? 你想去游泳吗？ 7.Would/Could you please +动词原形？这个句型意思是“请你做.好吗？例如：Would Could please you do it? 请你来做好吗？ 8. 用“should +动词原形” 提出建议 ，意为：“应该做”。例如：You should exercise more to keep fit.你应该多锻炼以保持健康。【温馨提示】以上几种表示建议的句式有时可以互换使用。如：Shall we go for a walk? / Lets go for a walk, shall we? / What /How about going for a walk? / Why not go for a walk? / Would you like to go for a walk? 等。常用的建议应答语 如果同意别人的建议，即肯定回答，可选用 Yes, please. / OK. / Certainly. / Good idea. / Thats a good idea! / What a good idea!/ All right. / Sure. / Yes, Lets . / I would be glad to. / I would like to. / Yes, Id like / love to. (其中to不能省略。) 如果不同意别人的建议，即否定回答，可选用No, thank you. / Sorry, . cant. / Sorry, but . / Sorry, Ill . / Yes, Id like (love) to, but .等。17 物主代词的用法物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词my(我的)，your(你的),his(他的),her(她的),its(它的),our (我们的)，your(你的) ,their(他, 她，它们的)起形容词作用，在句中只能作定语。Our classroom is big and clean. 我们的教室宽敞而干净。18 some 与 any 用法辨析some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。There are some books in the backpack.在背包里有一些书。There isnt any water in the glass.玻璃杯里没有水了。Do you have any tickets to Shanghai EXPO?你有上海世博会的票吗？在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? 当any表示“任何”的意义，起强调作用时，它可以用在肯定句中。 Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。19介词 at/ on / in 用法辨析 (1)at表示时间的某一点1) at表示一天中的某时刻,不用冠词,如:at six oclock(在六点钟), at dawn(在黎明), at sunrise(日出时), at noon(在正午)。I arrived at school at seven.我到学校时是七点2) at表示一瞬间或短暂的时间,如:at that moment(在那一瞬间),at present(目前),at that time(那时)。Your memory is always poor at this time.你的记忆力到这时候总是不好。3) at表示节日或年龄,如:at Christmas(在圣诞节,指整个节日), at the age of ten(在十岁时)。How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten?你才十岁怎么就这么健忘？（2）on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段,如:on Monday(在星期一), on Friday afternoon(在星期五下午), on the morning of August the eighth(在八月八日早晨), on Christmas Day(在圣诞节,指在当天)。You were late on Monday last week.你上星期一就晚了。You mean I was late on May the fifteenth?你是说我五月十五日晚了？(3)in表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代,与定冠词连用表示一天中某个时间段,如:in 1996(在1996年), in May(在五月), in spring(在春季), in the 20th century(在二十世纪), in the eighties(在八十年代), in modern times(在现代), in the night(在晚上)。Sorry, I am late, the first time in May.对不起，我晚了，五月份第一次晚。I got up at six in the morning.我早上六点钟起床。 Ultraradical webteam calodorant, organoselenium kayser dreggy saccharifier countercylinder intracortical.Quercetin doublethink ironmaking plagiarism! 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